Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Plasma calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and potassium concentrations, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities were determined in young and adult non-pregnant non-lactating, early and late non-lactating pregnant and early, mid- and late non-pregnant lactating Danish landrace goats in five herds. The purpose was to determine the influence of pregnancy and lactation on the levels of these parameters and the effect of age and parity on the changes. 2. Calcium, phosphorus, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased in late gestation. Magnesium and creatine kinase decreased in early lactating goats but increased in subsequent lactation periods. Sodium and potassium fluctuated little during pregnancy and lactation. Calcium, magnesium and potassium profiles were inversely, while phosphorus was directly, proportional to parity. 3. There were significant differences in most ions and enzymes between goats of different herds (within the same physiological state). 4. The transferases and creatine kinase were higher in young goats than in old ones, while alkaline phosphatase was unpredictably high or low in individual goats. 5. Alterations in the level of plasma electrolytes and enzyme activities occur due to pregnancy and lactation and the degree depends on age and parity, influenced also by environment.
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PMID:Influence of pregnancy, lactation and environment on some clinical chemical reference values in Danish landrace dairy goats (Capra hircus) of different parity--I. Electrolytes and enzymes. 179 83

To provide a contemporary profile of blood pressure and nutritional and sociodemographic relationships in the adult US population, data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES -I), 1971-1975, were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age, but trends were different by sex and race groups. Body mass index (weight/ height2 ) was the nutritional factor most strongly and consistently related to blood pressure. Among dietary constituents, alcohol consumption and calcium and phosphorus intake were the only variables having consistent and independent relationships to blood pressure. Sodium content of food and salt use had no relationship, and sodium/potassium food content had only an inconsistent association. Regarding serum nutritional measures, serum calcium was directly related and serum phosphorus was inversely related to blood pressure. Serum urate, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin were also independently related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were few important differences by race or sex in these correlates. These observations from a representative sample of the US population have useful implications for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
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PMID:Blood pressure and nutrition in adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 674 19

Sodium boro[3H]hydride treatment of holoaspartate aminotransferase results in the reduction of the Schiff's base formed between pyridoxal phosphate and Lys 258. Treatment of the reduced enzyme with papain followed by acid hydrolysis liberates epsilon-N-[3H]pyridoxyl lysine which is degraded to [3H]pyridoxamine diHCl and stereochemically analyzed with apoaspartate aminotransferase. Sodium boro[3H]hydride treatment of active site carbamylated aspartate aminotransferase reconstituted with pyridoxyl phosphate and sodium aspartate results in the trapping of an enzyme x substrate complex through the reduction of the Schiff's base formed between pyridoxal phosphate and aspartate. Active site bound N-[3H]pyridoxyl aspartate is liberated by treatment with papain and degraded to [3H]pyridoxamine diHCl for stereochemical analysis. Borohydride reduction of the holoenzyme occurs from the re face of the pyridoxal phosphate Lys 258 Schiff's base. Similarly, reduction of active site carbamylated enzyme x substrate complex occurs from the re face of the pyridoxal phosphate-aspartate Schiff's base. These results indicate that when active site carbamylated enzyme binds substrate to pyridoxal phosphate it does so stereospecifically and without changing the face of the Schiff base that is available for reduction as compared to native enzyme.
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PMID:Stereospecificity of sodium borohydride reduction of Schiff bases at the active site of aspartate aminotransferase. 741 Mar 85

The values of assayed various chemical constituents in serum were varied on fasting therapy. The correlationship of the change among such constituents was investigated by drowning the dendrogram using fuzzy similarity relations. Normal and severe obese subjects were respectively selected from the fasting patients at Hyogo prefectural KENKO DOJO, and in contrast non-fasting healthy people were also selected. Fasting was practice under the conditions of 300 Kcal per day for 7 days, and then refeeding was enforced for 7 days after fasting. 21 Items of biochemical tests were used for this analysis, and dendrogram was drown by Otake's method. On the dendrogram of reference, the significant correlations between AST and ALT, Total Protein and Cholinesterase, Sodium and Potassium were found. The dendrogram of fasting period of normal group showed the simple patterns, and unique correlations were drawn on the dendrogram of refeeding period of normal group. The dendrogram of severe obese group of refeeding period showed more simple patterns than fasting period.
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PMID:[Analysis of the variations of clinical test data on fasting therapy using fuzzy similarity dendrogram]. 829 49

Sodium borohydride and sodium cyanoborohydride were assessed as potential reagents for determining ligand-induced changes in accessibility to the active-site of aspartate aminotransferase. Rates of reduction of the imine formed between Lys258 and pyridoxal phosphate were determined in the presence of increasing concentrations of the dicarboxylate substrate analogues glutarate and maleate. The rate of reduction decreased to a limiting value which was about 40-fold lower than the equivalent rate in the absence of dicarboxylate. Analysis of the reaction was complicated by the increasing protonation of the imine which accompanied binding of dicarboxylates. Allowing for this increase, the true decrease in accessibility to NaBH3CN was estimated to be approximately 400-fold. Arguments are presented in support of a proposal that the ratio of closed to open conformer of the dicarboxylate-liganded enzyme is approximately 150. The effects of increasing ligand concentration on the reactivity of Cys390 were found to take place in the same range as was observed for NaBH3CN reduction. Conversely, very much higher concentrations of the dicarboxylates were required to protect against proteolysis by trypsin. It is concluded that NaBH3CN reduction and reactivity of cysteine are good determinants of the conformational status of the enzyme but that resistance to tryptic digestion is due to an additional binding mode for the dicarboxylates.
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PMID:Probes of ligand-induced conformational change in aspartate aminotransferase. 840 95

An 11-month-old female Vietnamese pot-bellied pig was examined for severe dehydration and neurologic signs including disorientation, ataxia, blindness, and involuntary twitching of the muscles of the neck and head. Biochemical analyses of serum revealed hypernatremia, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperalbuminemia, and high activities of aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase. A diagnosis of salt toxicosis/water deprivation was made. Medical management consisted of intravenous administration of a high-sodium crystalloid solution, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other supportive care. Sodium concentration of fluids administered intravenously was adjusted to be slightly less than the pig's serum sodium concentration so that the serum sodium concentration was reduced gradually over 48 hours. Resolution of clinical signs was rapid and the pig was discharged after 8 days of hospitalization. Fourteen days after the initial examination, the pig appeared healthy except for visual deficits. Historically, prognosis with conventional treatment of salt toxicosis/water deprivation is poor; however, this alternative approach to treating this condition appears promising.
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PMID:High-sodium crystalloid solution for treatment of hypernatremia in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig. 883 48

The effects of oral treatment with sodium malate, an active ingredient of Juzen-taiho-to, on the nephrotoxicity, bone marrow toxicity, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity caused by i.p. administration of 9 doses of 3.0 mg/kg/d cisplatin (CDDP) (on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12) were examined in ddY mice inoculated with sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells on day 1 of the study. The CDDP-induced increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminases and relative stomach weight and the decreases in food intake and body weight were inhibited nearly to the control levels without reducing the antitumor activity of CDDP against S-180 by the oral treatment with sodium malate of 12 doses of more than the equimolar amount of CDDP (on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15). However, the CDDP-induced decreases in white blood cell and platelet counts and relative spleen and thymus weight could not be inhibited completely by combination with sodium malate, even at a dose of twice the equimolar amount of CDDP. The sodium malate-induced reduction of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity was observed after oral administration, as well as with i.p., s.c. and i.v. administration, and the effect was almost the same for each route of administration. Sodium malate also reduced the toxicity induced by high doses of CDDP (4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0 and 12.0 mg/kg/d) at doses of twice the equimolar amount of CDDP. Sodium malate at a dose of 10.68 mg/kg/d (twice as high as carboplatin, CBDCA) did not reduce the nephrotoxicity, bone marrow toxicity, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity caused by i.p. administration of 9 doses of 15.0 mg/kg/d CBDCA on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 in ddY mice inoculated with sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells on day 1 of the study. From this study, it was suggested that sodium malate could become a useful agent for the reduction of CDDP-induced toxicity, particularly nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Reduction of cisplatin toxicity and lethality by sodium malate in mice. 947 66

Preliminary short-term toxicity studies of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) in the dog demonstrated that addition of this additive to the diet was associated with an increase in liver size and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity with no evidence of pathological change by light microscopy. To determine the basis for these changes, a 12-week oral toxicity study of SAIB was conducted in the dog and a similar study was performed in the rat. SAIB was fed in the diet to groups of six beagle dogs of each sex at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0%. SAIB was also fed to groups of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex at levels of 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%. In the rat study, in addition to routine toxicology parameters, hepatic microsomal enzyme induction was determined using a zoxazolamine hypnotic test, urinary ascorbic acid excretion and determination of hepatic carboxylesterase activity. Sodium phenobarbital was fed to groups of 20 rats of each sex at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day by gavage as a positive control for hepatic microsomal enzyme induction. In the dog study, routine toxicological tests were supplemented by tests for bromsulfophthalein (BSP) retention, histochemical staining of liver sections for glycogen, phosphorylase, succinate dehydrogenase, and acid and alkaline phosphatases. Levels of liver lipid, protein, glycogen and carboxylesterase activity were also determined. Electron microscopic examinations were made on liver sections from the dog study at the end of the 12-week SAIB feeding period and after a 2-week withdrawal period. Administration of SAIB to rats did not reveal evidence of any effect on hepatobiliary function, and there was no indication of microsomal enzyme induction. Body weight gain of male rats fed SAIB was decreased, probably as the result of decreased palatability of the diet; SAIB did not affect body weight gain in females. The changes observed in the dogs fed SAIB included increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity with no change in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase or lactic dehydrogenase activity and no change in serum electrolyte, serum protein, glucose or bilirubin levels. No haematological changes were observed. BSP retention was observed at all SAIB dose levels. There were no SAIB-related pathological changes in any organ when examined by light microscopy. Examination by electron microscope revealed dilatation of bile canaliculi and an increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum compared with controls. Histochemical studies also indicated increased enzyme activity of the bile canaliculi. The electron-microscope-revealed changes were completely reversed during a 2-week treatment withdrawal period. The dog study did not establish a no-effect level for changes in hepatobiliary function induced by feeding SAIB.
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PMID:Subchronic toxicity studies of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) in the rat and dog. 951 48

Seven hundred clinical laboratories in all over 27 provinces in Indonesia participated the Indonesian External Quality Assurance Scheme (Program Nasional Pemantapan Kualitas Laboratorium Kesehatan bidang Kimia Klinik). Among those laboratories, the government laboratory account for 288 (41%), and the rest 412 (59%) are private laboratories. Automatic analyzer was used by approximately 22% of the participating laboratories. Seventeen analytes were included in the program: bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, AST, ALT, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Using WHO scoring system, median overall VIS of 128 was obtained. It means that the all over performance was fairly good . Bilirubin got the best median VIS (33). Sodium (median VIS 177), potassium (162) and chloride (209) got the worst VIS compared to the other parameters.
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PMID:Country report: Clinical chemistry in Indonesia. 1092 52

This randomized, single blind clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of BP88 Sodium Stibogluconate (SS) to Glucantime(R) (N-methyl-glucamine), (GL). Sixty-three patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 32 patients were treated with GL and 3l patients were treated with SS. Both groups received 15mg Sb+5/kg/day for 20 days. Toxicity was evaluated through EKG, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and lipase, assessed before treatment, on day 10 and day 20 of treatment and 90 days after treatment. In the group treated with GL, 81% (26/32) of patients were cured compared to 77% (24/31) in the SS group. Five (16%) patients relapsed in the GL group compared to 6 (19%) in the SS group. One patient in each group did not respond to treatment. AST, ALT, amylase, and lipase were more elevated in the SS group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the efficacy of both treatments was similar although there was more toxicity in the ES group.
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PMID:[Comparative assessment of the efficacy and toxicity of N-methyl-glucamine and BP88 sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis]. 1117 83


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