Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The connection between feeding regime (food deprivation and restricted diet) and thermal acclimation (1-2, 6, 11 and 16 degrees C) was studied in rainbow trout held in diluted seawater (20% S). 2. At 1 degree C, food deprivation effects on all parameters are slight, and on RNA and certain enzymes they are masked by thermal acclimation effects. 3. At a salinity of 20% rainbow trout on a restricted diet and held at 11 degrees C have the highest growth rate. 4. Owing to increasing RNA levels, the RNA/DNA quotient is significantly higher than normal in rainbow trout held at 1 degree C although the fishes do not grow at this temperature. 5. Temperature and feeding both affect the enzymes we studied (liver: G1DH, AspT, arginase, G6PDH, and 6PGDH; kidney: G1DH, AspT, arginase, and Na/K-ATPase; white muscle: AspT and A1T; gill: Na/K-ATPase) differently. Interactions between these two factors also occur in some cases.
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PMID:Effects of temperature, food deprivation and salinity on growth, RNA/DNA ratio and certain enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 244 24

Plasma analysis for albumin, total bilirubin, and total protein values and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), arginase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities was used for the early and quantitative diagnosis of experimental Fasciola hepatica infections in beef calves. Calves were infected on 3 occasions with 1,000 (n = 5), 100 (n = 5), or 10 (n = 4) metacercariae for a total infective dose of 3,000, 300, or 30, respectively. Albendazole (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to 7 infected calves on postinfection (initial) week (PIW) 13. All calves were euthanatized and necropsied on PIW 16 for the determination of fluke infections. Plasma constituents were determined weekly. Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in AST activity occurred as early as PIW 4 and GGT activity at PIW 9, as compared with that in noninfected controls. Fluke burden-related differences were observed in GGT activity from PIW 9 onward. Increases in AST activity reflected parenchymal liver damage, whereas increases in GGT reflected hepatobiliary damage; therefore, differentiation could be made between the migratory and ductal phases of the infection. There was no correlation between arginase activity and fluke infection. As compared with fecal examination results, plasma enzyme analysis gave an earlier and semiquantitative indication of F hepatica infection in experimentally infected calves. Although increases in these plasma constituents were not definitely diagnostic of fascioliasis, useful information on the size of the fluke burden and progress of the disease process could be obtained by these methods. Plasma enzyme analyses of AST and GGT were not indicative of chemotherapeutic success or failure when calves with mature F hepatica (14 weeks old) infections were treated.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in beef calves by plasma enzyme analysis. 286 Aug 32

Sixteen clinically normal, healthy ponies were randomly assigned to 4 groups and given aflatoxin B1 in doses of 0.045, 0.030, 0.015, and 0 (control) mg/kg of body weight per day for 21 days (or total doses of 0.945, 0.630, 0.315, and 0 mg/kg). The animals were allowed to recover for 3 months and then were reassigned to 4 treatment groups such that each group during the 2nd trial included a pony from each of the groups of the 1st trial. The animals in the new groups were intubated and were given aflatoxin in doses of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, and 0 (control) mg/kg/day for 5 days ( or total doses of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 mg/kg). Venous blood samples were drawn every other day to monitor for toxicosis; examinations were made for RBC and WBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, PCV, serum urea nitrogen, prothrombin time, and serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, iditol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and arginase. There were no significant differences between treatment groups and controls (given no aflatoxin) in the toxicologic values examined for during the 1st trial. During the 2nd experiment, 2 of the ponies in the large-dose treatment gorup (2.0 mg/kg) demonstrated increased serum enzyme activities. These animals had been in the large-dose (0.945 mg/kg) and median-dose (0.63 mg/kg) groups during the 1st trial. Arginase, iditol dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities became increased on the 4th day of treatment and continued to increase until the 6th day of the experiment (1 day after treatment was terminated). These enzymes approached control group values at 10 days after cessation of treatment. These increases were indicative of hepatocellular toxicity. It was concluded that the possibility of equine aflatoxicosis exists although ponies given high quality rations appear to be less susceptible than some other species. Prior exposure to aflatoxins may predispose to clinical toxicity on subsequent exposure, despite lack of expression of clinical signs.
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PMID:Effects of aflatoxins in young ponies. 612 12

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), AMP deaminase, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), arginase and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were increased in the kidney of the rat during repeated ethanol loading. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Renal ammonia metabolic response in the rat to repeated ethanol loading. 648 7

After prolonged application of ethanol the liver and brain of rats show an appreciable increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, noticeable lowering of cytoplasmic aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, elevation of liver arginine succinate lyase activity with unchanged activities of other enzymes of the ornithine cycle (ornithine carbamoyltransferase and arginase), reduction of glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in brain tissue. Concurrent application of ethanol and pyridoxine normalizes the effect of ethanol on liver arginine succinate lyase and on brain tissue lactate and malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity changes in chronic alcoholic intoxication and the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine]. 689 33

The effects of a high fat diet (30% (w/w) corn oil) on chronic streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated at the whole body level and at the enzyme level. The diet caused significant decreases in the extent of polydipsia (66% decrease), polyphagia (49%), polyuria (67%) and glycosuria (70%). The activities of selected hepatic enzymes from the glycolytic, gluconeogenic, ureogenic and lipogenic clusters were determined. The fat diet caused significant decreases (range: 47 to 54%) in the activity of the ureogenic enzymes carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase and arginase; had no effect on the glycolytic enzymes glucokinase, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase; partially decreased the diabetes-induced elevated activities of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (63% decrease), serine dehydratase (90%), alanine aminotransferase (31%) and aspartate aminotransferase (65%), and partially reversed the activity of one lipogenic enzyme, ATP citrate lyase.
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PMID:The effects of a high fat diet on chronic streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 692 68

Adult female dogs or pony mares were subjected to a nonlethal dose of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg of body weight). Amounts of several plasma enzymes thought to be indicative of hepatic disease were monitored. Plasma enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), arginase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and iditol dehydrogenase (ID), as well as total plasma bilirubin, were determined in these animals before and after the administration of the CCl4. In the dog, GGT was not significantly increased, whereas ALP values were increased during days 1 to 6. In the pony, GGT was significantly increased during the entire course of the study, whereas ALP exhibited only small, transient (though significant) increases. Responses of ID, AST, and ALP were unremarkable when compared between the pony and the dog. Total bilirubin was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased from days 1 to 4 (pony) or days 5 to 8 (dog) after the CCl4 dose, but subsequently returned to or decreased below base-line values. Animals did not have evidence of icterus at any time. Seemingly, the dog and the pony are distinct clinical entities, and only the appropriate laboratory tests for each species should be used to provide information for the clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatic disease.
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PMID:Variations of plasma enzymes in the pony and the dog after carbon tetrachloride administration. 733 28

The influence of a raw green gram (RGG) diet, an autoclaved green gram (AGG) diet and green gram trypsin inhibitors (GGTI) incorporated in AGG diet on urinary and blood urea and creatinine levels in rats was studied. The activities of certain liver enzymes of pathways associated with protein or amino acid metabolism were also studied. The levels of urea and creatinine in urine and blood were found to be significantly increased in rats fed the RGG and GGTI-incorporated AGG diets when compared to the animals fed with the AGG diet. The levels of enzyme activities of arginase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also found to be significantly increased along with that of urea and creatinine, The possible role of GGTI on the altered levels of the above-mentioned parameters is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of dietary raw green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb) and green gram trypsin inhibitors on the activity of certain protein metabolism enzymes in rats. 733 25

Changes in the serum concentrations of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), rhodanese and arginase were measured in dogs, sheep and cattle with hepatic necrosis induced by the oral administration of carbon tetrachloride. A new method for arginase assay was based on the determination of remaining arginine (after its conversion to urea and ornithine) by its reaction with p-nitrophenyl glyoxal (PNPG). In all species studied the serum arginase increased 6-12 h after liver damage, reached a peak value in 48 h and returned to normal thereafter. Rhodanese activity did not change in dogs but rose significantly in sheep and, to a lesser extent, in cattle. AST increased strikingly in sheep as compared with dogs and cattle and remained high for > 5 days. In dogs ALT rose sharply and remained elevated for > 10 days. No change in ALT was seen in sheep or cattle. The determination of arginase by a simple procedure such as the PNPG method, in conjunction with AST or ALT assay, may be of value in assessing the stage of liver necrosis.
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PMID:Changes in arginase, aminotransferases and rhodanese in sera of domestic animals with experimentally induced liver necrosis. 804 Mar 68

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, induces liver damage and pulmonary edema in swine. We examined the temporal and dose-response features of FB1 toxicosis in male weanling crossbred pigs fed nutritionally balanced diets, containing corn screenings naturally contaminated with fumonisins, for 14 days. Total fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) in diets 1 through 6 were assayed at 175, 101, 39, 23, 5, and < 1 ppm (below detectable concentrations), respectively. Clinical signs, serum biochemical alterations, and morphologic changes were evaluated. Pigs were weighed, and bled for hematologic and clinical chemistry evaluation on days 5 and 14. They were euthanized on day 14, or earlier if respiratory distress was observed. Respiratory distress developed in 3/5 pigs fed diet 1 between days 4 and 6 due to severe pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. Histologic evidence of hepatic injury was present in all pigs fed diets 1 and 2, 3/5 on diet 3, and 1/5 on diet 4. Serum bilirubin and cholesterol concentrations, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and arginase (ARG) activities were elevated in pigs fed diets 1 and 2. Based on liver histopathology, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for fumonisin toxicity in swine was < 23 ppm total fumosins for the 14-day period. Based on regression analyses of the clinical chemistry profiles at 14 days, the NOAEL was < 12 ppm, with ALP being the most sensitive parameter. In conclusion, pulmonary edema occurred only at the highest fumonisin concentration (175 ppm), while liver damage occurred at much lower concentrations with a NOAEL of < 12 ppm.
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PMID:Temporal and dose-response features in swine fed corn screenings contaminated with fumonisin mycotoxins. 805 90


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