Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The alterations of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), lipase, alpha-amylase, glucose, urea and bilirubin plasma levels, as well as body weight and electrocardiogram tracings were monitored in individual mice, as organ dysfunction tests, throughout a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) induced by minor non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. Starting in the first two weeks, elevations of GOT and decreases of alpha-amylase and lipase were found indicating deterioration of liver and exocrine pancreatic function.
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PMID:Minor graft-versus-host reaction: very early effects on hepatic and exocrine pancreatic functions in mice. 408 56

In a model developed to study acute pancreatitis in the dog, the disease process was comparable with the spontaneously occurring disease. Infusion of oleic acid into the accessory pancreatic duct induced, grossly and microscopically, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, fat necrosis, and edema. Clinical changes included persistent fever and tachycardia in all dogs and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in most. Serum amylase and lipase activities increased markedly as did activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hematologic alterations included hemoconcentration (despite intensive fluid therapy) and leukocytosis due primarily to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neither corticosteroid nor anticholinergic therapy begun 24 to 32 hours after oleic acid infusion altered the course of the disease. Dogs survived 8 days and appeared clinically normal when the study was terminated.
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PMID:Effects of an anticholinergic and a corticosteroid on acute pancreatitis in experimental dogs. 617 2

The genetics of lysosomal acid lipase (LIP) has been investigated in human-Chinese hamster and mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of human fibroblast extracts demonstrated that LIP activity consists of three isozymes. A deficiency of LIP activity has been observed in Wolman's disease (WD), cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD), and I-cell disease (ICD); this deficiency was associated with only one LIP isozyme, LIPA. We have demonstrated concordant segregation between human LIPA and human chromosome 10 and its enzyme marker glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase-1 (GOT1) in cell hybrid clones. Previous evidence suggested the different mutations associated with WD and CESD to be in the structural gene which we assign to human chromosome 10, while a different gene, involved in the processing of LIPA, is altered in ICD. These results indicate that several types of gene products are involved in the final expression of LIPA. In mouse-Chinese hamster hybrid clones, mouse Lip-1 (homologous to human LIPA) was assigned to chromosome 19. Previously, mouse Got-1 has been assigned to chromosome 19. Thus, the LIPA-GOT1 linkage groups has remained intact during the 80 X 10(6) years of evolution that separates humans and mice.
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PMID:Assignment of LIPA, associated with human acid lipase deficiency, to human chromosome 10 and comparative assignment to mouse chromosome 19. 729 52

Early and appropriate treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) depends on early causal diagnosis. Published studies have shown favourable results following sphincterotomy performed within the 72 hours of onset of severe gallstone-associated AP. Among the various bio-clinical indices, the lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, computed within 72 hours after onset, has been shown to discriminate between alcoholic and non alcoholic AP. Our study evaluates the data of biochemical disorders in 51 patients presenting with an episode of AP; these patients were divided into 3 groups: A: alcoholic AP, n = 15; B: biliary AP, n = 25; and C: post-ERCP AP, n = 11. These 3 groups were similar with respect to clinical severity of AP and CT scan. The time delays between onset of the symptoms and the biochemical assay were 1.9 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.3 d (P < 0.01). AST, ALT, bilirubin, GGT and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group B. Blamey's score was 0.5 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 in groups A, B and C respectively. Serum amylase, serum lipase and L/A ratio were identical in groups A and B. The decrease in serum amylase after 48 hours was more important only in group B (56 +/- 8, 80 +/- 4, 47 +/- 3% respectively in groups A, B and C). L/A ratio was significantly greater in group C when compared with group A and B (1.7 +/- 0.4, 1.5 +/- 0.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 in groups A, B and C respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Is the identification of acute biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis by early pancreatic enzyme assay possible?]. 751 3

During an outbreak of measles in the period from May 1993 through February 1994, a 23-year-old woman with measles was admitted because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Moderately elevated levels of serum and urinary amylase were found. We investigated prospectively the next nine consecutive young adults hospitalized with severe measles. Pancreatic and other organ involvement was determined by serum and urinary amylase, serum lipase, and additional appropriate biochemical and hematological data. Four patients had elevated amylase levels in both serum and urine, whereas in one, serum amylase alone was increased. Serum lipase determined in eight patients was elevated in seven. In all patients elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase were found. In seven patients serum calcium concentrations were below the lower limit of normal. Four patients had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. This is the first detailed report of pancreatic involvement in young adults with measles. This abnormal finding, its possible underlying mechanisms, and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:Pancreatic enzyme elevation in measles. 753 76

We investigated the diagnostic utility of frequent serial determinations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipase, amylase, and the lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio for distinguishing patients with acute pancreatitis due to biliary obstruction from those with acute pancreatitis due to other pathogenesis. Analyzed were enzyme activities obtained at admission and peak enzyme activities identified retrospectively from serial measurements in 53 patients with acute pancreatitis due to various causes. We evaluated the data with multiple statistical tools. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression revealed the diagnostic significance of ALT at initial and peak values, and the maximum information provided by peak ALT was confirmed by both logistic regression and stratum-specific likelihood ratios. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios showed peak ALT > 150 U/L was highly diagnostic of biliary pancreatitis. The L/A ratio, either at admission or at peak, was the only other significant variable for identifying patients with acute pancreatitis due to biliary obstruction. A multivariate logistic discriminant function including ALT and the L/A ratio significantly discriminated biliary acute pancreatitis from pancreatitis due to other causes. Evaluation of initial and peak enzyme data by information theory revealed that the optimal test depended on disease prevalence. Initial ALT activities were the test of choice for identifying biliary pancreatitis, up to a disease prevalence of approximately 0.75. At disease prevalence > 0.75, the initial L/A ratio provided the greatest amount of diagnostic information.
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PMID:Enzymatic markers of gallstone-induced pancreatitis identified by ROC curve analysis, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, likelihood ratios, and information theory. 753 44

Determination of serum pancreatic enzymes remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Clinical symptoms and signs are of major importance in suspecting the disease, but they are not accurate enough to confirm the diagnosis. Among pancreatic enzymes, total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase and lipase are preferred, since simple, rapid and unexpensive enzymatic methods are commercially available. More expensive and cumbersome methods (e. g. ELISA for pancreatic elastase) are required if a significant delay to hospital admission occurs. In that case, other serum enzymes are usually normal or only lightly increased. To early define the etiology of acute pancreatic serum pancreatic enzymes lack of value. With this purpose, determination of AST, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase may allow to distinguish between biliary and non-biliary origin of the disease.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. 754 60

Early distinction between acute alcoholic pancreatitis is important, because of possible emergency endoscopic sphincterotomy in case of biliary pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of L/A ratio in the diagnosis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. From 1990 to end 1993, 133 patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: 1) abdominal pain, 2) pathological serum amylase or serum lipase on admission or within 24 hours after beginning or abdominal pain, 3) acute pancreatitis at the echography or CT scan within 48 hours after admission. 60 patients met the inclusion criteria (31 alcoholic pancreatitis, 19 biliary pancreatitis and 10 pancreatitis of other causes). L/A ratio was studied in terms of delay from beginning of abdominal pain. There was no statistical difference between alcoholic and biliary pancreatitis at any time of the study, with the exception of admission. AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase were higher in biliary pancreatitis than in alcoholic pancreatitis. AST and ALT were the best biochemical tests to diagnose biliary pancreatitis. Blamey's criteria can also contribute to diagnose biliary pancreatitis. These biochemical tests are the most helpful if they are collected very soon in the evolution of acute pancreatitis. It is concluded that L/A ratio is not helpful in the diagnosis of alcoholic acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Can the L/A ratio identify acute alcoholic pancreatitis?]. 757 83

In this study we observed the discriminative ability of five commonly measured laboratory tests to distinguish between gallstone- and non-gallstone-associated pancreatitis. We also assessed the ability of the lipase-amylase ratio to discriminate between alcohol- and non-alcohol-induced pancreatitis. One hundred sixty-two patients with acute pancreatitis were included in the study. Group A consisted of patients presenting to our hospital in 1988 and 1989. Group B consisted of patients presenting in 1992. Models developed using group A patients were validated using group B patients. For gallstone pancreatitis, AST (threshold value 80 IU/liter) alone and a three-factor model, AST, ALP and bilirubin (threshold values of 80 IU/liter, 115 IU/liter, and 15 mumol/liter, respectively) were the best predictors, correctly classifying at least 80% of cases in group A and B. A lipase-amylase ratio of two correctly classified only 48% of cases in group A and 54% in group B. We conclude that biochemical models are useful in predicting the presence of gallstone pancreatitis but not alcoholic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Biochemical models as early predictors of the etiology of acute pancreatitis. 768 46

We have examined the effects of administration of the blood substitute, liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin (LEH), in the normovolaemic rat. Test groups included LEH, lyophilized EH, the liposome vehicle, unencapsulated haemoglobin and normal saline, which were injected into the tail vein (n = 6; n = 3 for sham and saline groups). Administration of LEH (2.5 g phospholipid, 1.25 g haemoglobin/kg rat) was followed by blood sampling at 2 h, 24 h, 1 wk and 2 wk. Blood samples were analysed for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total and indirect bilirubin, serum creatinine, albumin, total protein, lipase, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, haematocrit, haemoglobin and differential white blood cell counts. Observed effects following injection were mild and transient, with baseline values recovered at 1 wk. Alanine aminotransferase increased moderately in the LEH group at 24 h to 601 +/- 143 IU/dl (P < 0.0001), with a return to baseline at 1 wk. Aspartate aminotransferase showed a smaller increase from 46 +/- 5 to 162 +/- 40 at 24 h and also returned to baseline at the 1 wk measurement (P < 0.001). The transient increase in serum transaminases was not observed for the lyophilized LEH group. Tissue sections showed accumulation of liposome groups in resident macrophages of the liver and spleen. Incubation of an adherent population of human peripheral blood monocytes with LEH in culture did not elicit the production of the inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor. Pre-incubation of monocytes with LEH prior to exposure to endotoxin did, however, result in a reduced expression of this inflammatory cytokine.
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PMID:Transient changes in the mononuclear phagocyte system following administration of the blood substitute liposome-encapsulated haemoglobin. 798 44


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