Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increased serum activities of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 12 out of 19 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism when they were treated with the ergot derivative lergotrile at an oral dose varying from 50 to 150 mg daily. Hepatocellular injury was confirmed by microscopic examination of liver biopsies obtained from 3 of these patients when the serum activities of ALT and AST were appreciably elevated. Light microscopy revealed features of mild acute hepatocellular injury, and electron microscopy showed proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and apparently unique mitochondrial changes in hepatocytes. This is the first report of pathological changes in the liver associated with the therapeutic use of an ergot derivative. The presence of a potentially reactive cyanide group in the lergotrile molecule could be causally related to the observed hepatocellular injury. It is suggested that serum ALT and AST activities should be monitored carefully when the therapeutic potential of any new ergot derivative is assessed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular injury with distinctive mitochondrial changes induced by lergotrile mesylate: a dopaminergic ergot derivative. 3 55

In the adult rat kidney, alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) were measured in glomeruli, 4 parts of the proximal tubule, 2 parts of the distal tubule and in patches from the thin limb area and the papilla. These enzymes were measured in more limited parts of the nephron during postnatal development. Adult aspartate aminotransferase activities (percentage of the highest) ranged from 100 in the distal straight segment to 25 in the late part of the proximal straight segment to 10 in the thin limb and papillary area. Alanine aminotransferase (lower by a factor of 100 in absolute terms) was distributed as the mirror image of aspartate aminotransferase within proximal and distal tubules. D-Amino acid oxidase was 850-fold higher in proximal straight segments than in medullary structures. During development alanine aminotransferase increased 6-fold and D-amino acid oxidase, 4.5-fold in proximal straight tubules but aspartate aminotransferase increased in distal straight tubles 8-fold.
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PMID:Distribution of two aminotransferases and D-amino acid oxidase within the nephron of young and adult rats. 3 98

Three harp seal pups, Phoca groenlandica, were captured on the ice of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and subjected to 3 h of transportation and handling stress. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), aldolase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase were determined in serial blood samples collected for 4 d following the stress episode. Marked elevation of plasma CK activity was observed 3 h after capture. Values returned to normal in 12 h in two seals, and by 24 h in the third. Slight elevations in AspAT were also noted; the remaining enzymes were unaffected. Plasma CK is recommended as a sensitive indicator of handling stress in seals.
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PMID:Effects of handling stress on plasma enzymes in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica. 4 15

Biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans resulted in a 70% increase of the protein content and increased levels of free and bound aspartate, glutamate, serine, leucine and methionine. Likewise, the activities of NADP+ glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD+ gluatmate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased. The total RNA content increased while the DNA content was unaffected. The rRNA/tRNA ratio remained higher in biotin-deficient cells. Supplementation of glutamate, aspartate, serine, leucine and methionine to the culture medium raised the rRNA/tRNA ratio, and the difference observed in the qualitative and the quantitative patterns of protein and dry cell mass between normal and biotin-deficient cultures was abolished.
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PMID:Factors affecting protein synthesis during biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans. 4 77

A prospective study of 181 patients suspected of having liver disease was carried out to determine the relative efficiencies of serum bilirubin (total and direct), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with respect to diagnosis. Liver biopsies, liver scans, abdominal ultrasound, and clinical parameters were also tabulated and used independently to evaluate the patient's hepatic status and to determine the final diagnoses in each case. From the results of these tests for the 60 patients who were diagnosed as having liver disease, and the 87 patients who were felt to be free of liver disease, predictive values of the above tests were established. Data from this study suggests that while direct bilirubin is the most specific test, GGT is the most sensitive and has the fewest false negatives in the diagnosis of liver disease.
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PMID:Predictive values of various liver function tests with respect to the diagnosis of liver disease. 4 85

A comparison of the cost of laboratory-made reagents with that of commercial kits was made for three serum-enzyme estimations and three serum-hormone estimations. The cost of reagents in kit form could only be justified on economic grounds for serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase if the laboratory performed less than about 35 tests per day. It is unlikely that the use of kits for serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotrophic hormone can be justified on economic grounds for any workload. It is estimated that between 2 million pounds and 3 million pounds is spent unnecessarily by the National Health Service each year to purchase commercially prepared reagents for the six tests studied.
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PMID:Comparison of cost of preparing reagents in laboratory with cost of using commercial kits. 7 63

The relationship between plasma protein bound iodine (PBI) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity was investigated in 143 males and 528 females suspected of various thyroid disorders; there was significant negative correlation between low PBI level and raised CK activity. CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were determined in plasma from patients with reduced PBI levels; apart from CK, LD was the only enzyme increased in an appreciable number of cases. A further series of specimens was collected from 66 patients with low PBI levels and the CK isoenzymes investigated. In all of these MM was the main form present; a trace of MB was found in 6. These findings do not explain the elevation of CK in hypothyroidism which may be a non-specific effect.
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PMID:An investigation into creatine kinase and other plasma enzymes in thyroid disorders. 7 98

A prospective double-blind controlled study was performed on the effects of isoprinosine in 81 patients with clinical and histological features of classical acute viral hepatitis. Appetite was assessed daily. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartic aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels were assessed weekly. Changes in biochemical parameters, number of deaths, number of patients showing rise of aminotransferase levels despite treatment, and duration required for appetite to return to normal in each group were compared. Observation was continued for 4 weeks. Contrary to preliminary reports, no therapeutic benefit was demonstrated in any of these parameters. We concluded that isoprinosine was ineffective in the acute phase of classical acute viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Isoprinosine in classical acute viral hepatitis. 8 1

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

Tetrahymena pyriformis Wh 14 was grown in Erlenmeyer flasks under continuous stirring at 30 degrees C for three days . After the culture had produced dry matter of about 100 mg HCB was added in acetone at a dose level of 0, 0.001, 0.1 and 1.0 ppm to the culture and incubated for another 7 days. At a dose level of 0.001 ppm the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, hexokinase, and pyruvate kinase remained unaffected but was increased for glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase while 0.1 ppm HCB increased the activity of all enzymes studied, the only exception being glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, the activity of which was depressed by HCB exposure. A concentration of 1.0 ppm HCB depressed the activity of most of the enzymes below control values with the exception of the two mitochondrial enzymes, MDH and ICDH, studied here.
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PMID:Effect of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on the activity of some enzymes from Tetrahymena pyriformis. 10 53


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