Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An improved understanding of medical problems of alcoholic patients can be gained from commonly encountered laboratory test results. Liver function tests--such as measures of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase--may provide evidence of altered hepatic activity of different types, such as obstruction and hepatocellular injury. Other test results may indicate impaired hepatic function, such as measurements of albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood urea nitrogen. Alterations are also common in electrolytes, blood glucose, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, and acid-base balance. Disturbances in hematologic function are not infrequent in alcoholic patients, including anemias from many causes, altered granulocyte responses, and thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:Clinical significance in alcoholic patients of commonly encountered laboratory test results. 159 68

This study was performed to investigate modifications in the serum bilirubin forms, hepatobiliary enzymes, and some glycoproteic substances in patients during the course of extrahepatic cholestasis (stage A) and following its clinical resolution (stage B). The series consisted of 16 patients: 11 had main bile duct stones; two, benign stenosis of the main bile duct; and three, main bile duct cancer. Cholestasis resolved spontaneously in one case, under endoscopy in two, and following surgery in 13. Five patients with liver cirrhosis and a picture of intrahepatic cholestasis following anesthesia were also investigated. Serum bilirubin forms were measured using van den Bergh's method and the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC procedure; the mono- and di-conjugated forms were considered together in the overall evaluation of the results. The hepatobiliary enzymes (ALP, GGT, and AST) were increased at stage A and significantly decreased at stage B. Similar patterns were observed in total (TB), unconjugated (UB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) and in the percentage of CB out of TB (% CB). In the majority of patients, % CB at stage B was lower than at stage A, whereas in subjects with a high initial UB value, a different % CB pattern was observed. The direct bilirubin percentage (% DB), on the other hand, had a different pattern, and the variations between stages A and B were not significant. The pathophysiological bilirubin pattern was similar in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. At stage A, in a number of patients the levels of glycoproteic substances (CA 19-9, TPA and ferritin) were raised, but at stage B they tended to decrease towards the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in bilirubin metabolism during extra- and intrahepatic cholestasis. 160 Mar 31

The role of clinical (biliary pain and/or jaundice), laboratory (discriminant function (DF) calculated using AST, ALT, AlkPh and GGT serum values) and ultrasonographic (US)(dilation and/or stone of common bile duct (CBD)) findings in identification of the biliary etiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) was studied in 60 patients. AP biliary etiology was defined by ERCP executed in the early phase of the disease (lithiasis and/or stenosis of CBD; endoscopic features of forced papilla in patients with gallstone). US showed the best values of sensitivity (84.6%) and diagnostic efficacy (76.7%); DF showed the best results of specificity (62.5%) and of test positive predictive value (92.8%). The statistical evaluation (McNemar test) showed a significant increase of sensitivity for US vs clinical findings and of specificity for DS vs clinical findings (p less than 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, test negative and positive predictive value were improved to 96.1, 87.5, 96.6, 77.1 and 92% by the combination of US and DF. Therefore the association of US and DF can provide the best non invasive method in rapidly detecting CBD pathology as an etiological factor in AP and then the enough accurate indication to early operative ERCP.
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PMID:[The role of clinical, biochemical and echographic data in identifying the biliary pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis]. 162 15

Adding less than 0.5% w/w of culture material of strain MRC 826 of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme to a carbohydrate diet low in fat resulted in an atherogenic plasma lipid profile in a non-human primate. Simultaneously increased plasma fibrinogen and activity of blood coagulation factor VII could enhance atherogenesis. This unique potential for promotion of atherosclerosis was probably secondary to chronic hepatotoxicity as indicated by liver fibrosis and elevated cholesterol, albumin and the enzymes AST, ALT, LD, GGT and ALP in serum. The cholesterol and enzymes responded in proportion to the calculated doses of fumonisin mycotoxins in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 cultures. Fumonisins are water soluble and heat stable. Thrombotic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and cerebral effects of MRC 826 culture material and fumonisins are well known in non-primates. The estimated fumonisin concentrations tested fall within a range due to natural contamination of human foods. The results suggest that all maize grain products should be analysed for fumonisins.
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PMID:Atherogenic effects in a non-human primate of Fusarium moniliforme cultures added to a carbohydrate diet. 163 55

Extracts of homologous organs (liver, muscle) and of colostrum were infused intravenously in cattle of two different age groups: heifers (n = 9, each preparation was infused in 3 animals) and calves (n = 6, preparations from liver and muscle were infused in 3 animals each). Parameters of elimination kinetics were determined for some clinically relevant enzymes. Enzyme elimination was quicker in the younger animals. The volume of enzyme distribution was comparable to plasma volume. Biological half-lives in calves and heifers respectively were: CK from muscle 3.46 +/- 0.65 h and 8.27 +/- 3.27 h, AST from muscle 9.74 +/- 1.38 h and 33.48 +/- 3.74 h, AST from liver 14.99 +/- 0.81 h and 16.71 +/- 0.58 h, GLDH from liver 14.61 +/- 1.88 h and 25.09 +/- 4.13 h, SDH from liver 13.95 +/- 2.25 h and 17.68 +/- 0.81 h, GGT from colostrum 1.69 +/- 0.95 h (only heifers).
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PMID:[Elimination kinetics of several clinically relevant enzymes in the blood plasma of cattle after intravenous bolus infusion of homologous preparations]. 163 72

Lead markedly augments the lethality of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. In this model of LPS toxicity, the liver is severely injured. Much of the tissue injury produced by LPS is thought to be mediated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Tumor necrosis factor recently has been speculated to be a mediator of several models of liver injury such as that produced by galactosamine. To investigate the possible role of TNF in the lead-enhanced LPS toxicity model, we administered doses of lead acetate (15 mg/kg), LPS (100 micrograms/kg), or TNF (6.25 x 10(6) U/kg) that produced minimal changes in liver enzymes. However, when lead was administered simultaneously with either LPS or TNF, serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl transpeptidase, and plasma triglyceride levels were markedly increased. Lead + LPS treatment increased both peak serum TNF concentrations and TNF "area under the curve" as compared with LPS alone. We conclude that lead not only enhances LPS lethality but also LPS liver injury. Furthermore, lead enhances TNF liver injury and increases LPS-stimulated serum TNF levels. These data suggest that the lead-enhanced LPS model offers a system for studying TNF-induced liver injury.
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PMID:Lead enhances lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor liver injury. 167 39

The effects of crocetin pretreatment on both hepatic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA binding and AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats has been examined. For these studies, male Wistar rats were treated with AFB1 (2 mg/kg) by i.p. administration, and the different degrees of hepatic damage were revealed by the elevations of levels of serum marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. After pretreatment of the animals with crocetin (2 or 6 mg/kg) daily for three consecutive days, the enzyme elevations were significantly suppressed. This suggested that the crocetin possessed chemopreventive effects on the early acute hepatic damage induced by AFB1. Under these experimental conditions, consistent elevations of hepatic glutathiones (GSH) and activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were observed. Crocetin treatment also decreased AFB1-DNA adduct formation in AFB1-treated animals. From these results, we suggest that the protective effect of crocetin on AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats might be due to the hepatic tissues' defense mechanisms that elevated the cytosol GSH and the activities of GST and GSH-Px.
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PMID:Effects of crocetin on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. 167 27

Differences in haematological and clinicochemical profiles of blood of apparently healthy slaughter pigs collected at the farm and at slaughter were investigated in relation to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions. For this purpose blood-samples of castrated male pigs were collected once at seven different farms and from the same pigs one to three days later at the slaughterhouse. In general, as far as the investigated blood variables are concerned, there were distinct and significant differences in the mean values between farm and slaughter blood-samples. As a rule the mean values of the investigated blood variables were higher in the slaughter blood than in the farm blood. The effects are most pronounced for leucocyte concentration and for the activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT). For the blood variables albumin, lymphocytes and magnesium there were significant, but not so strong interactions between the sites of blood-sampling and the groups, which were classified according to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions. Despite the fact that there were significant differences in the mean values of blood profiles of the slaughter pigs between the sites of blood sampling, this effect was only manifest as a difference in the level of the values of the blood variables. This means that clinicochemical and haematological profiles from groups of pigs at slaughter reflect the herd's health status at the farm and can be used when monitoring it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in haematological and clinicochemical profiles in blood of apparently healthy slaughter pigs, collected at the farm and at slaughter, in relation to the severity of pathological-anatomical lesions. 167 75

The liver enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were measured in the blood of 25 fetuses with severe Rh alloimmunization at the time of their first, second and third intravascular transfusions and in 17 comparison fetuses. In the comparison group, GGT increased with advancing gestation (r = 0.7; P = 0.002), whereas ALP, AST and ALT did not correlate with gestational age. Rh hydropic fetuses (n = 8) had higher blood ALT levels than the comparison fetuses (P = 0.008) had significantly increased transaminases when compared with non hydropic fetuses (n = 17). In hydropic fetuses, AST correlated with the nucleated red cell count before transfusion (r = 0.94; P = less than 0.0001). Fetal transaminases were no longer increased in hydropic fetuses by the second (AST) or third (ALT) transfusion. In both hydropic and non hydropic fetuses, GGT increased by the second transfusion (median percentage change +85%, range -83% to +596%; P = 0.003). The rise in fetal GGT was transitory and correlated with the increase in fetal haematocrit at the first transfusion (r = 0.58; P = 0.006). This study reports liver dysfunction secondary to extramedullary erythropoiesis in Rh alloimmunization and implicates portal hypertension for the rise in fetal GGT with transfusion.
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PMID:Fetal liver dysfunction in Rh alloimmunization. 167 29

The association between body mass index (BMI) and serum liver enzyme activity [gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] was studied in 3167 subjects, 2373 men and 794 women. The subjects were managers and employees, ages 18-64 years, who were examined during a program of preventive medicine. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the serum liver enzyme activities (expressed as natural logarithms) of the subjects, who were subdivided according to BMI, while also considering age, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and physical activity. In men, the percentage increase in the geometric mean of liver enzyme activity of the obese subjects (BMI greater than 30 kg/m2) compared with that of the normal subjects (BMI less than or equal to 25 kg/m2) was 47.7% (P less than 0.001) for GGT, 55.3% (P less than 0.001) for ALT, and 19.7% (P less than 0.001) for AST; in women, the increase was 63.2% (P less than 0.01) for GGT, 58.4% (P less than 0.001) for ALT, and 7.3% (P greater than 0.05) for AST. Thus, our observations demonstrate a relation between BMI and serum liver enzyme activity.
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PMID:Body mass index and liver enzyme activity in serum. 167 52


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