Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sets of survey specimens having known linear interralationships were analyzed on four occasions by approximately 450 laboratories for the five enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The results are summarized in terms of the apparent precision and relative accuracy of various analytical systems, and some apparent problems in enzyme assays are identified. The results show that interlaboratory differences in enzyme analyses are not due primarily to differences in the way laboratorians utilize their analytical systems but rather are due to fundamental differences in the instruments and reagents supplied to the laboratorians. The attainment of interlaboratory comparability of enzyme analyses is a problem that can best be addressed by the manufacturers of instruments and reagents, rather than by individual laboratorians.
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PMID:The 1978 College of American Pathologists survey of analyses of five serum enzymes by 450 laboratories. 47 5

Rice culture of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus ochraceus was fed at a concentration of 25% to weanling pigs for 10 days. The clinicopathological abnormalities reflected renal damage. Activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were increased in the urine but not in the serum. Serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine were high. Cellular and granular casts, blood, protein, and glucose were in the urine of pigs fed toxic diet. Serum concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl- were unchanged, but concentrations of these electrolytes were reduced in the urine.
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PMID:Mycotoxicosis produced in swine by cultural products of an isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus. II. Clinicopathologic changes. 50 95

Ceforanide, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life (3 h), can be administered twice daily. We evaluated its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Twenty-seven patients with infections due to susceptible organisms received ceforanide, 0.5, 1, or 2 g, intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 h for 6 to 28 days. In vitro studies with the clinical isolates from 27 patients treated plus 263 additional isolates showed that ceforanide was active against cephalothin-susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. In addition, ceforanide inhibited 65% of cephalothin-resistant Escherichia coli and 65% of Enterobacter spp. at </=12.5 mug/ml. After a single 1-g intramuscular dose, the mean peak plasma concentration at 1 h was 48.9 mug/ml and that at 12 h was 4.7 mug/ml. Plasma accumulation occurred in some patients. The infections included 10 pneumonias, 3 with bacteremia and 1 with empyema; 11 soft tissue infections, 4 with abscesses and 3 with sepsis; and 3 urinary tract infections. One case each of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and septic thrombophlebitis, all due to Staphylococcus aureus, were treated. Clinical response was satisfactory in all patients; bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26 of 27 patients. Ceforanide was well tolerated. Three patients developed mild increases in liver enzymes, and one developed slight eosinophilia. In another case, the antibiotic was discontinued because of a fivefold rise in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) and a twofold rise in lactic acid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Ceforanide: in vitro and clinical evaluation. 50 95

The 2-n-propyl (pr) and 2-n-butyl (bu) methylenedioxyindenes (MDIs) developed in our laboratories are intracellular calcium antagonists with coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic actions. Acute toxicity studies resulted, in mice, in an iv LD50 of 40 and 32 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively, and an ip LD50 of 185 mg/kg for both MDIs. In rats, the ip LD50 was 175 and 240 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively. An iv dose of 16 mg/kg decreased motor activity and prolonged barbiturate sleeping time in mice, but did not affect conditioned avoidance behavior or motor coordination tests. In sub-acute toxicity studies, rats received daily for 4 weeks 26.25 or 52.5 mg/kg ip of either MDIs, while mice received 23.13 or 46.25 mg/kg ip of either MDIs. No alterations were observed in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, uric acid, prothrombin time, and bromsulphalein retention. Blood glucose was slightly lowered. Serum calcium was slightly lowered in male mice. The higher dose of pr-MDI elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in rats. Both MDIs elevated serum isocitric dehydrogenase in male rats. Light microscopic examination of brain, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, and myocardium showed no anomalies resulting from the 4-week MDI treatment, and electron microscopic examination of hepatocytes revealed no deleterious effects of either MDIs.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of new calcium antagonists: 2-substituted 3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes. 51 12

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
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PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

The levels of five enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of pregnant women. They included leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ABG), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). After establishing the normal curve and upper confidence limits in healthy pregnant patients (138 examinations in 52 women), the the enzymes were examined in the urine and the serum of 21 severe and 23 mildly toxemic cases. The mean urinary levels of ABG, AP and LAP in the severe cases were significantly higher than in the normals, and by examining all three enzymes, at least one of them was found to be above the upper confidence limit in 95% of the severely ill women. The changes did not show up early enough to form a good diagnostic and prognostic sign in moderate pregnancy-induced hypertension, but severe kidney damage may be revealed earlier than by the regular kidney function tests, and patients with a bad remote prognosis can be singled out by this method.
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PMID:Significance of urinary enzymes in gestosis. 52 89

A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of serum myoglobin in healthy individuals and patients with different diseases is described. Purified myoglobin was labelled by an 125I-labelled ester (N-succinimidyl 3-(-4 hydroxy, 5-[125I]iodophenyl) propionate), a commercially available antiserum was used, and the antigen-antibody complex was precipitated with polyethylene glycol 6000. The rapid assay can be performed within 1 h at 37 degrees C with a detection limit of 45 micrograms/l. Prolonged incubation at 4 degrees C for 18 or 72 h gives a detection limit of 6 and 2 micrograms/l, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation of the routine assay was 11%. In healthy human subjects a significant difference in mean serum myoglobin concentration was found between 43 women (34 +/- 17 micrograms/l) and 51 mean 47 +/- 15 micrograms/l). In twenty patients admitted to hospital with the clinical diagnosis acute myocardial infarction, the serum myoglobin concentration profiles were in close agreement with the final diagnosis. In three patients with myocardial infarction serum samples were taken every 2 h after the acute episode, and serum myoglobin levels were compared with the levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB.
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PMID:Rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassays for human myoglobin. 53 83

Myoglobin and the enzymatic activity of creatine phosphokinase CK), MB-isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were serially determined in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Additionally the same parameters were assessed in 5 patients with angina pectoris for 24 hours after bicycle ergometry. 10 in-patients served as controls. Myoglobin was determined by radioimmunoassay and the other enzyme activities according to the current kinetic methods. Comparison of myoglobin with the enzymatic parameters showed that the myoglobin peak occurs 5.6 hours after the beginning of the sampling period, i.e. 7.3 hours earlier than CK and CK-MB and 11.6 hours earlier than GOT. In analogy to this finding the descending limb of the myoglobin curve was significantly earlier at a level of one third of the peak value, i.e. 8.2 hours earlier than CK-MB, 18.8 hours earlier than CK and 27.3 hours earlier than GOT. No signs of myocardial necrosis in terms of myoglobin or enzymatic activity could be detected after bicycle ergometry. It is concluded that myoglobin is a more sensitive parameter for assessment of the acute phase in patients with myocardial infarction than the usualy enzymatic parameters.
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PMID:[Plasma myoglobin level as a course criterium in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. 53 58

Six patients with spontaneously occurring arrhythmias were studied to assess the antiarrhythmic properties of helium. The patients were divided into two subgroups breathing air, helium-oxygen (heliox), and nitrogen-oxygen (nitrox) in an alternating sequence during successive 20-min periods under continuous ECG surveillance at rest. There were no significant reductions in spontaneously occurring premature ventricular beats while breathing heliox, compared to breathing air of nitrox. Alternating the breathing gases in this manner caused no change in plasma concentration of electrolytes or in activity of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase or lactic acid dehydrogenase. We conclude that helium does not affect spontaneously occurring chronic premature ventricular beats in conscious resting man when it is breathed for a period of up to 20 min.
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PMID:Absence of antiarrhythmic effects of helium in patients with spontaneous premature ventricular beats at rest. 53 59

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged twin men provided an opportunity to test for genetic variability in the SMA 12/60 (Technicon) battery of clinical chemistry tests. Classical twin methodology was used to analyze the variation of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In addition, frequency of co-twin contact was used to control for effects of differences in shared environment. Genetic variability played a definite role in controlling four of the 11 reported tests: one-hour serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, and bilirubin. No genetic variation was found for lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Significantly higher means for calcium, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase in monozygotic twins precluded any statement about heredity and environment for these tests.
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PMID:Genetic variability of clinical chemical values. 55 78


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