Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In normal mongrel dogs, outflow occlusion of 15 or 30 minutes duration was produced by clamping both the suprahepatic and suprarenal portions of the vena cava. One dog died immediately after release of occlusion; two dogs died from recurrent hypotension between six and 24 hours postoperatively. The other five dogs survived for three days, at which time an autopsy was done. During outflow occlusion, the blood pressure fell in all dogs, as did the central venous pressure. The pulse rate decreased during, and after, occlusion but toward a tendency of gradual recovery. A significant drop in pH and base excess of arterial blood was seen after occlusion. Although a steady, but not substantial, increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values was noted, there were no remarkable changes in the blood coagulation system. Significant increases in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities were observed from immediately after release of occlusion, but alkaline phosphatase values increased much later than did these. Thus, hepatic outflow occlusion, even if it is short, seems to be dangerous in the dog, since it produces hypotension, metabolic acidosis and diffuse damage as well as disruption of the parenchyma of the liver.
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PMID:Enzymatic and hemodynamic changes after short term hepatic outflow occlusion in the dog. 1 3

We report the intermediate-term effects of three consecutive evenings of moderate ethanol ingestion (0.75 g/kg body weight each evening) on activity values for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in sera of nine apparently healthy young adults. We define "intermediate-term" effects as those occurring between 10 h and 100 h after completion of the ethanol consumption schedule. The most pronounced changes in enzyme activity for the group of volunteers were: gamma-glutamyltransferase, +25% at 60 h after ethanol ingestion; alanine aminotransferase, +12% at 60 h after ethanol; and aspartate aminotransferase,--12% at 60 h after ethanol. All three enzymes exhibited similar time courses, i.e., mean peak activity changes were observed at 60 h, and all three mean enzyme activity values returned to near baseline by 100 h. The possible explanations for the observed changes and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:The effects of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight) on the activities of selected enzymes in sera of healthy young adults: 1. Intermediate-term effects. 1 40

A comparison of the cost of laboratory-made reagents with that of commercial kits was made for three serum-enzyme estimations and three serum-hormone estimations. The cost of reagents in kit form could only be justified on economic grounds for serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase if the laboratory performed less than about 35 tests per day. It is unlikely that the use of kits for serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotrophic hormone can be justified on economic grounds for any workload. It is estimated that between 2 million pounds and 3 million pounds is spent unnecessarily by the National Health Service each year to purchase commercially prepared reagents for the six tests studied.
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PMID:Comparison of cost of preparing reagents in laboratory with cost of using commercial kits. 7 63

The relationship between plasma protein bound iodine (PBI) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity was investigated in 143 males and 528 females suspected of various thyroid disorders; there was significant negative correlation between low PBI level and raised CK activity. CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were determined in plasma from patients with reduced PBI levels; apart from CK, LD was the only enzyme increased in an appreciable number of cases. A further series of specimens was collected from 66 patients with low PBI levels and the CK isoenzymes investigated. In all of these MM was the main form present; a trace of MB was found in 6. These findings do not explain the elevation of CK in hypothyroidism which may be a non-specific effect.
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PMID:An investigation into creatine kinase and other plasma enzymes in thyroid disorders. 7 98

The clinical situation determines the choice of hepatic function tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) tests serve to detect disease, and when used in combination with a gammaglutamyl transferase (GGTP) test, to exclude it. The combination of ALP, GOT, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, globulin, and GGTP tests is useful for routine differential diagnosis. Prothrombin time indicates severity of disease. Interpretation is facilitated by attention to ALP or GOT predominance; the relationship of LDH, ALP, and bilirubin; and the ratio of GGTP to ALP. Abnormalities on routine tests frequently do no more than point out the need for more definitive procedures.
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PMID:Hepatic function testing. 8 85

Adaptation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to serial cultivation in media with progressively elevated (hypertonic) NaCl content ("high NaCl"-tolerant cells) has resulted in progressive increases of the cellular activities of NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), glutamate--oxalacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), NAD (P)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42). The activities of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2.) and of glycolytic enzymes as phospho-fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) were only slightly and not in progressive manner (in response to the progressive increase of the environmental NaCl concentration) affected. These changes are discussed with respect to a metabolic pattern of these "high NaCl"-tolerant cells which is compatible with increased energy requirements, especially for active cation transport. It is suggested that these increased cellular enzyme activities reflect an increased transfer of reducing equivalents across mitochondrial membranes (via the "glycerophosphate cycle and the malate-aspartate shuttle") and possibly a stimulated lipid metabolism. These alterations in the level of enzyme activities must be regarded asan adaptive cellular response to the "high NaCl" environment, since readaptation to growth in regular isotonic media resulted in a reversion to the enzyme pattern characteristic of the parent cells.
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PMID:Changes in enzyme pattern of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells following serial cultivation in media with increased (hypertonic) NaCl content. 12 1

The activities of several enzymes functioning in different areas of fuel catabolism were measured under standardized conditions, using crude homogenates of sartorius and ventricular muscle from outbred guinea-pigs and rabbits indigenous to high or low altitude. The activities of sartorius and myocardium were found to reflect the metabolic patterns known to be associated with white and red muscle. Both species had right ventricular hypertrophy at high altitude. The enzyme activities in the high altitude guinea-pig were not significantly different from those in the sea level animals. In the high altitude rabbit, compared with the low altitude rabbit, the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deydrogenase and phosphofructokinase were greater in both the sartorius and myocardium. In addition, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was greater in the sartorius at high altitude, while aspartate aminotransferase and beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase activities were greater in the myocardium at high altitude. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was comparable at the two altitudes for both tissues. There was a greater proportion of skeletal muscle type lactate dehydrogenase in the high altitude rabbit myocardium but no difference was found with the guinea-pig.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in red and white muscles of guinea-pigs and rabbits indigenous to high altitude. 12 53

1. Percutaneous needle biopsies were obtained from six limb muscles in six horses before and during a training programme of 10 or 15 weeks designed to involve both aerobic and anaerobic work. In a subsequent detraining period, biopsies were also taken after 5 and 10 weeks. 2. Samples were analysed biochemically for enzyme activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aldolase (ALD), citrate synthase (CS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and for glycogen content. Fibre typing was carried out histochemically before and 10 weeks after commencement of training. 3. There was a significant increase in the percentage of high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (FTH) fibres with a corresponding decrease in high myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/low oxidative (FT) fibres and low myosin ATPase activity pH 9-4/high oxidative (ST) fibres after 10 weeks training. 4. During training, enzyme activities increased progressively but at different rates with an approximate twofold increase in all of the enzymes except CPK by the end of the training period. Changes in all the muscles studied were similar. Glycogen content increased by approximately 33% which was significant when all the muscles were considered together. 5. A decrease in enzyme activity occurred after 5 weeks detraining. However at 10 weeks a consistent but inexplicable increase in all enzyme levels, except CS again occurred. 6. It is concluded that training increased greatly the activity of enzymes involved in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:The effect of training and detraining on muscle composition in the horse. 14 28

A tetrazolium staining medium incorporated in a gel has been used in a histochemical study of enzymes in thin sections of heart muscle. Formazan distribution patterns given by mitochondrial enzymes were inconsistent with the location of these enzymes revealed by the extraction of whole tissue. Similar stain distributions were given by lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. The distribution given by succinate dehydrogenase was not the same as that given by cytochrome oxidase stained by a different technique. Alcohol dehydrogenase added to the tissue assumed a distribution which suggested some adsorption of the enzyme to the tissue. But experiments suggested that this enzyme was not firmly bound to muscle proteins in the manner of some glycolytic enzymes.
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PMID:Localization in cardiac muscle of some enzymes related to glutamate metabolism. 16 67

We investigated the enzyme activity of the blank in the spectrophotometric determination of the aminotransferase activities and aspartate aminotransferase activity. 6 lactate dehydrogenase and 3 malate dehydrogenase preparations from different manufactures and from different organs showed additional and contaminating activity. The additional activity depends upon the 2-oxoglutarate concentration. The contaminating activity is caused by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the auxiliary enzymes. We propose that exact definitions must be given for the auxiliary enzymes in the recommendations of standard determinations for enzyme activities.
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PMID:Influence of auxiliary enzymes on the spectrophotometric measurement of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. 17 28


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