Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) assays, as well as ultrasonography are the easiest and least expensive examinations to perform in the diagnosis of hepatic metastases. The 273 patients included in this series had cancer of the digestive tract. The diagnosis of presence or absence of liver metastases was made at surgery and was positive in 38 patients (14 per cent). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn after computing the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of each laboratory determination while the threshold indicating that the value was normal was incremented. The examinations were then compared in terms of Se, Sp, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The threshold was determined on the ROC curve where less false-positive and more true-positive results were shown. According to predictive values, laboratory determinations could be classified in decreasing order of usefulness as: AP, LDH, GGT and AsT. Ultrasonography had a positive predictive value of 68 per cent a negative predictive value of 95 per cent, both figures being higher than those of any laboratory examination. These results suggest that ultrasonography has a higher diagnostic value than any of the enzyme assays in the detection of hepatic metastases. Moreover, ultrasonography provides morphological information which, in case of liver resection, may be useful to the surgeon.
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PMID:[Detection of hepatic metastasis of digestive cancers. Value of enzyme assays and ultrasonography]. 257 89

In the present investigation, administration of a single i.p. dose of the anticancer drug merbarone [5-(N-phenylcarboxamido)-2-thiobarbituric acid] produced an acute and reversible decrease in renal function in female but not male Fischer 344 rats. The renal lesion in female rats was biochemically characterized as a decrease in p-aminohippuric acid accumulation by renal slices along with polyuria, glucosuria, proteinuria, and enzymuria. These functional changes were accompanied by histopathologic changes of focal tubular necrosis that was confined to the deep cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. The changes in these parameters were dose-dependent and were observed at doses as low as 0.2 x MELD(10) (12 mg/kg). This low merbarone dose increased urinary glucose and protein excretion by 26- and 9-fold, respectively, in the initial 16-h urine collection in female rats. This increase was accompanied by a 2- to 15-fold increase in the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. No significant changes in renal function were observed in male rats apart from mild enzymuria after a high dose of merbarone (36 mg/kg). The drug did not increase urea nitrogen levels in male or female rats, reflecting the focal nature of this tubular lesion. Merbarone produced small elevations in serum transaminase activities [i.e., glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)] at doses that produced marked alterations in renal function in female rats, suggesting only mild hepatotoxicity. The present study establishes the kidney as a possible dose-limiting target organ for merbarone toxicity.
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PMID:Nephrotoxicity of 5-(N-phenylcarboxamido)-2-thiobarbituric acid in the Fischer 344 rat. 259 97

Altogether 108 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) were examined. Of these, 14 patients (13%) presented with the cholestatic pattern of AAH, 45 with extrahepatic cholestasis, and 45 were healthy. As compared with the total patients' group with AAH, the patients with the cholestatic form consumed alcohol in greater amounts. Due to intensive jaundice, 50% of the patients were admitted by error to the infectious clinic and 32% to the surgical one. The disease runs a comparatively grave course, the general conditions gets deteriorated, the body temperature rises, the patient senses pains in the right hypochondrium, skin pruritus is lacking. As compared with other patterns of cholestasis, cholestatic AAH is characterized by a higher thymol test, higher levels of cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, activation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate aminotransferase and by a lower level of leukocytes, bilirubin, free fatty acids and alkaline phosphatase. Verification of the diagnosis demands the use of certain up-to-date instrumental methods. To identify the cause of cholestasis, great diagnostic significance is attached to echography.
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PMID:[Clinico-laboratory characteristics of the cholestatic form of acute alcoholic hepatitis]. 263 92

A pilot study to improve unhealthy life habits of thirty middle-aged male clerical workers (45 +/- 3.58 yr.) with mild health disorders such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and fatty liver was carried out. Under prohibition of smoking and alcohol intake, they spent five nights and six days at a hot spring resort, taking part in planned health training programs which included aerobic training, hiking in forests, hot spring baths, cooking practice and lectures about healthy life, controlled by medical, dietary and physical training staffs. To evaluate the short-term effects of these activities, body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total free fatty acid and phospholipid), blood sugar, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were examined early in the morning of the second (before) and the fifth (after) days, and then their impressions of these recreation activities were monitored by questionnaires on the sixth day. By t-tests of all before-and-after data, it was shown that mean values of body weight, systolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and gamma-GTP were improved, but fasting blood sugar, uric acid and GOT were not improved. In comparison of blood pressure levels, the hypertensive group (n = 9) showed lowering in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though the normal group (n = 10) had slight elevation. In addition, in the hypercholesterolemic group (n = 11, greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl) mean total cholesterol values decreased, conversely in the hypocholesterolemic group (n = 6, less than 180 mg/dl) they increased. Moreover, the obese group (n = 15, obesity index greater than or equal to 120%) showed greater decreases of body weight, triglyceride and phospholipid than the non-obese group. From questionnaires, it was confirmed that through these recreation activities most participants found mental and spiritual satisfaction, in spite of heavy physical loads. The short-term recreation activities under a stressless environment seemed to maintain the function of homeostasis in the body, but further investigation is needed to examine the relation between the contents of diets and physical activities, and to follow the long-term effects on the participants.
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PMID:[A study on the physical effects of short-time recreation activities at a hot spring resort on unhealthy middle-aged workers]. 281 Aug 61

Serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were measured in 303 outpatients upon visits to their general practitioner. Alcohol consumption was evaluated by interview, using a standard questionnaire. Thirty-four patients drank more than 80 g of alcohol per day but none complained of an alcohol-related disease. These 34 heavy drinkers presented a mean serum mAST value which was significantly higher than that of the 269 normal drinkers; however, only 14 out of the 34 (41%) exhibited an increased mAST value. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive value of the mAST/tAST ratio were 0.29, 0.77 and 0.13, respectively; the corresponding figures for GGT were 0.5, 0.81 and 0.23, respectively. These results are in sharp contrast with those obtained for mAST activity in a population of hospitalized alcoholics. The explanation may lie in differences in alcohol consumption, in nutritional status and in the frequency of alcohol-related diseases in inpatients as compared to outpatients.
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PMID:Evaluation of mAST/tAST ratio as a marker of alcohol misuse in a non-selected population. 281 50

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single ip injection of physiological saline (3.0 ml/kg), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 3.0 ml/kg), phenanthrene (150 mg/kg), ozonized products of phenanthrene (150 mg/kg), pyrene (150 mg/kg), or ozonized products of pyrene (150 mg/kg). Phenanthrene, pyrene, and their ozonized products were dissolved in DMSO (50 mg/ml). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was increased significantly 24 hr after ip administration of DMSO when compared with physiological saline. Phenanthrene produced a significant elevation of serum AST and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels related to physiological saline and DMSO-injected rats 24 hr after injection. However, GGTP levels for groups treated with DMSO or phenanthrene were not significantly increased when compared with saline groups 72 hr after injection. Ozonized products of phenanthrene produced a significant elevation of serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), GGTP, and bilirubin levels when compared with groups treated with physiological saline, DMSO, and phenanthrene 24 or 72 hr after injections. The ozonized products of phenanthrene also produced significant elevation of serum creatinine levels compared with physiological saline, DMSO, and phenanthrene groups at 24 hr after treatment and of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at 24 and 72 hr. Although pyrene caused a small but significant increase in the serum AST and bilirubin levels 24 hr after treatment, no significant change in the serum AST, ALT, GGTP, BUN, and creatine levels were observed with the ozonized products of pyrene at 24 or 72 hr. This study demonstrates significant alterations in serum chemistry induced by reaction products of ozone with phenanthrene. No such effect was observed when the products of pyrene ozonation were administered. Although the ozonation products of pyrene were not toxic under the conditions of this study, phenanthrene products were more hepatotoxic than was phenanthrene itself. Nephrotoxicity was also an apparent effect of ozonized phenanthrene. Since ozone-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) reactions may occur in the atmosphere, these reactions might produce compounds that are more toxic than either ozone or the PAH alone.
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PMID:Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. I. Effect of phenanthrene, pyrene, and their ozonized products on blood chemistry in rats. 286 Jul 38

Plasma analysis for albumin, total bilirubin, and total protein values and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), arginase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities was used for the early and quantitative diagnosis of experimental Fasciola hepatica infections in beef calves. Calves were infected on 3 occasions with 1,000 (n = 5), 100 (n = 5), or 10 (n = 4) metacercariae for a total infective dose of 3,000, 300, or 30, respectively. Albendazole (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to 7 infected calves on postinfection (initial) week (PIW) 13. All calves were euthanatized and necropsied on PIW 16 for the determination of fluke infections. Plasma constituents were determined weekly. Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in AST activity occurred as early as PIW 4 and GGT activity at PIW 9, as compared with that in noninfected controls. Fluke burden-related differences were observed in GGT activity from PIW 9 onward. Increases in AST activity reflected parenchymal liver damage, whereas increases in GGT reflected hepatobiliary damage; therefore, differentiation could be made between the migratory and ductal phases of the infection. There was no correlation between arginase activity and fluke infection. As compared with fecal examination results, plasma enzyme analysis gave an earlier and semiquantitative indication of F hepatica infection in experimentally infected calves. Although increases in these plasma constituents were not definitely diagnostic of fascioliasis, useful information on the size of the fluke burden and progress of the disease process could be obtained by these methods. Plasma enzyme analyses of AST and GGT were not indicative of chemotherapeutic success or failure when calves with mature F hepatica (14 weeks old) infections were treated.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in beef calves by plasma enzyme analysis. 286 Aug 32

Abnormalities in biochemical liver function tests in 127 general surgical patients who had a course of intravenous nutrition have been reviewed. Only 26 patients had liver function tests considered to be normal on commencing intravenous nutrition and they were included in this retrospective study. During intravenous nutrition the most sensitive biochemical test of liver dysfunction was gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase--all patients having an elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level by week 4. Most abnormalities were transient whereas the elevation of alkaline phosphatase was prolonged beyond week 9. Patients with major sepsis were found to have almost double the incidence of abnormal liver function test values compared with patients with no evidence of sepsis. Only patients who were transfused more than 8 units of blood showed a significant rise in bilirubin. Liver function tests in patients who received smaller transfusions showed no difference from patients who did not receive any blood. Patients with below normal anthropometric measurements on commencing intravenous nutrition were more likely to develop abnormalities in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
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PMID:Intravenous nutrition and hepatic dysfunction. 287 Feb 3

76 adult camel (30 males and 46 females) sera were surveyed for the normal activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phospho-kinase (CPK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The values recorded for the above enzymes were compared to other data in the literature.
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PMID:Normal serum activities of some diagnostic enzymes in dromedary camel in Sudan. 288 28

The administration of sodium N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine (NaG) at 500 mg/kg, i.p., or sodium calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at 632.5 mg/kg, i.p., reduces the serum enzyme levels characteristic of hepatic damage following the intravenous administration of cadmium chloride (3.5 mg CdCl2.2.5H2O/kg). Some effect on serum enzyme levels was found even when the interval between administration of cadmium chloride and that of the antagonist was as great as 4 h. The enzymes examined included aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP). A histopathological examination of the livers of such animals also reveals the presence of a significant protective action.
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PMID:Chelating-agent suppression of cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. 289 Jul 68


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