Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a diet consisting of 2% and 10% of Acacia abyssinica bark on Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks was examined. A 2% A. abyssinica diet was not toxic to rats. Impairment of growth and hepatonephropathy were observed in rats on a 10% A. abyssinica diet. By whatever route it was administered, either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.), the ethyl acetate extract in daily doses of 500 mg/kg body weight was the most toxic and lethal to rats and caused hepatonephropathy, widespread hemorrhage and congestion and fibrinous peritonitis following i.p. administration. The aqueous and ethanol extracts i n similar doses to ethyl acetate extract were only lethal to rats when given via the i.p. route. Lesions were accompanied by anemia, leukopenia and alterations in serum AST activity and concentrations of urea, total protein and albumin.
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PMID:Effect of feeding Acacia abyssinica and of its extracts given by different routes on rats. 1285 64

The work investigated the molluscicidal potency of dried Capparis spinosa and Acacia arabica leaves on selected biochemical parameters of Bionimphalaria alexandrina, in order to render them, physiologically, unsuitable for S. mansoni infection or at least disturb the life-cycle of the parasite within its respective snail host. The effect of the two plants on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase (AP), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose content were studied. This work was extended to evaluate the effect of these two plants on protein profile as well as total protein (TP) content of snail's in haemolymph after 24 hours and one week of snails plants feeding. The study revealed that both plants induced marked alteration in all the measured parameters, where LC50 of C. spinosa after fed one week showed the most potent effect.
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PMID:Influence of Capparis spinosa and Acacia arabica on certain biochemical haemolymph parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina. 1528 87

Acacia confusa Merr. (Leguminosae), a species native to Taiwan, is widely distributed on the hills and lowlands of Taiwan, and has been traditionally used as a medicine. The hepatoprotective effects of A. confusa bark extract (ACBE) and its active constituent gallic acid were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CCl(4)-induced hepatic pathological damage and significantly increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression in hepatic samples, and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes. Treatment with ACBE, gallic acid or silymarin could decrease significantly the AST, ALT, and MDA levels in plasma, and CYP2E1 expression in liver tissues, and increase the activities of SOD and GPX in erythrocyte when compared with CCl(4)-treated group. Liver histopathology also showed that ACBE, gallic acid or silymarin could significantly reduce the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl(4). These results suggested that the ACBE and gallic acid exhibit potent hepatoprotection against CCl(4)-induced liver damages in rats, and the hepatoprotective effects of ACBE and gallic acid may be due to the modulation of antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and CYP2E1 activation.
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PMID:Protective effect of Acacia confusa bark extract and its active compound gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury in rats. 1932 82

Chemopreventive potential of Acacia nilotica bark extract (ANBE) against single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA, 200mg/kg) followed by weekly subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4), 3 ml/kg) for 6 weeks induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats was studied. At 45 day after administration of NDEA, 100 and 200mg/kg of ANBE were administered orally once daily for 10 weeks. The levels of liver injury and liver cancer markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), total bilirubin level (TBL), alpha-feto protein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were substantially increased following NDEA treatment. However, ANBE treatment reduced liver injury and restored liver cancer markers. ANBE also significantly prevented hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and reduced glutathione (GSH) in NDEA-treated rats which was dose dependent. Additionally, ANBE also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver of NDEA-administered rats. Eventually, ANBE also significantly improved body weight and prevented increase of relative liver weight due to NDEA treatment. Histological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. HPLC analysis of ANBE showed the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic and ellagic acids, and also quercetin in ANBE. The results strongly support that A. nilotica bark prevents lipid peroxidation (LPO) and promote the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system during NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis which might be due to activities like scavenging of oxy radicals by the phytomolecules in ANBE.
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PMID:Potential chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica bark. 1944 40

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of some local medicinal plants against liver and kidney toxicity induced by cadmium chloride. Methanolic extracts of Acacia nilotica and Retama raetam were used in this study. Furthermore, histopathological and histochemical investigations were done. Cadmium chloride caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and HDL levels Administration of Acacia nilotica and Retama raetma significantly inhibit that increase. Cadmium chloride induced a significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, globulin levels, albumin/globulin ratio, blood SOD, and GPx, while Acacia nilotica and Retama raetam increase. Cadmium chloride caused a significant increase in MDA and NO, while a significant decrease in MDA and NO after Acacia nilotica and Retama raetam administration. These results suggested a beneficial effect of these plant extracts against experimentally-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity of cadmium, and the possible mechanism of the protective effects may be partly due to the antioxidant activity of these plants.
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PMID:Role of some Egyptian medicinal plants against liver and kidney toxicity induced by cadmium chloride. 1981 61

The case of a 64 year old female patient is presented who has treated herself for 9 months with various Indian Ayurvedic herbal products for her vitiligo and experienced a causally related severe hepatotoxicity (ALT, 601 U/L; AST, 663 U/L; Bilirubin, 5.0 mg/dL). After discontinuation, a rapid improvement was observed. Causality assessment with the updated CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences) scale showed a probable causality (+8 points) for Bakuchi tablets containing extracts from Psoralea corylifolia leaves with psoralens as ingredients, as the primary candidate causing the hepatotoxic reaction. The degree of probability was lower with +6 points for other used herbs: Khadin tablets containing extracts from Acacia catechu leaves; Brahmi tablets containing Eclipta alba or Bacopa monnieri; and Usheer tea prepared from Vetivexia zizaniodis. The case is the first report of Indian Ayurvedic herbal products being potentially hepatotoxic in analogy to some other herbs.
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PMID:Severe hepatotoxicity by Indian Ayurvedic herbal products: a structured causality assessment. 1984 9

The present study is designed to decipher a clinical evidence and biochemical support for hepatoprotective and antidiabetic efficacy of Acacia auriculiformis by its bark and empty pods. Animal models with paracetamol intoxicated liver injury and alloxan induced diabetes were used in a 7 and 14 days trial respectively. The interventions were tested at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. for bark extract; 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. for empty pod extract. Both interventions restored the liver function markers (alanine transaminase: ALT, aspartate transaminase: AST, alkaline phosphatase: ALP, total bilirubin and total protein) and hepatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, reduced glutathione: GSH and glutathione peroxidase: GPx) to the normal levels than elevated levels noticed on paracetamol control at P<0.001. Reversal of hepatoarchitecture has also been registered and the hepatoprotection is comparable to the reference drug silymarin. Similarly, substantial elevations of blood glucose, distorted lipid profile (total cholesterol: TC, triglycerides: TGs, high density lipoprotein cholesterol: HDL-C and low density lipoprotein cholesterol: LDL-C) and kidney function signs (creatinine and urea) have been refurbished to the desirable levels on par with the standard antidiabetic glibenclamide. The results signify the importance of bark and empty pod extracts of A. auriculiformis as good therapeutic candidates for liver injury and diabetes.
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PMID:Protective effect of bark and empty pod extracts from Acacia auriculiformis against paracetamol intoxicated liver injury and alloxan induced type II diabetes. 2348 14

The effect of aqueous extract of Acacia albida stem bark was investigated in Wistar albino rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The extract showed highest reduction in parasitemia at the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight (bw). A dose of 300 mg/kg bw improved packed cell volume the most by 14.35%. The group treated with 150 and 600 mg/kg bw of the extract showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels which were lower than those of the group treated with diminazene aceturate. The group treated with 150 mg/kg bw of the extract showed the least urea, albumin and protein level and lowest relative organ weight. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of catalase and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and kidney of the animals in the infected-untreated group and the extracts-treated groups. The results of this study show that the extracts of A. albida have antitrypanosomal activity against T. evansi infection.
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PMID:Effects of aqueous extracts of Acacia albida stem bark on Wistar albino rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. 2542 Jul 15

Gum Arabic (GA) from Acacia seyal and Acacia senegal is a branched-chain polysaccharide which has strong antioxidant properties, and has been used to reduce the experimental toxicity. Yet, the effects of GA on oxidative stress in type I diabetic rats have not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of GA on oxidative stress in Alloxan induced diabetes in rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups (n=20 of each): control group, diabetic group injected with allaoxan, and diabetic group given 15% GA in drinking water for 8 weeks. Oxidative damage to liver tissue was evaluated by measurement of key hepatic enzymes, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and expression of oxidative stress genes. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in GA group compared to diabetic and control groups. Treatment of GA decreased liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased glutathione (GSH). In addition, GA was significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activities of key liver enzymes, including alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). SOD, GPx and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA were significantly increased in GA group compared to control and diabetic groups. Liver of all diabetic rats showed marked degeneration whereas slight degeneration was observed in GA treated rats compared to control. The results suggest that GA may protect liver by modulating the expression of oxidative stress genes, and thus can improve antioxidant status.
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PMID:Gum Arabic extracts protect against hepatic oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. 2632 24

Acacia nilotica is a widely used plant in traditional medical practice in Northern Nigeria and many African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of a single dose (acute) and of repeated doses (sub-acute) administration of aqueous extract of A. nilotica root in rodents, following our earlier study on antiplasmodial activity. In the acute toxicity test, three groups of Swiss albino mice were orally administered aqueous extract of A. nilotica (50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and signs of toxicity were observed daily for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of 12 rats (6 male and 6 female) were used. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg b.w distilled water (control), while groups 2, 3 and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of the extract, respectively, for 28 consecutive days by oral gavage. Signs of toxicity/mortality, food and water intake and body weight changes were observed. Biochemical parameters were analysed in both plasma and liver homogenate. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies, the extract did not cause mortality. A significant reduction in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was observed at 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w, while alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher than control values at 500 mg/kg b.w. The aqueous extract of A. nilotica was found to be safe in single dose administration in mice but repeated administration of doses higher than 250 mg/kg b.w of the extract for 28 days in rats may cause hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Toxicological studies of aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica root. 2748 60


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