Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A middle-aged adult male with a mild form of tyrosinemia II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) is described. Treatment with a low-tyrosine diet caused a fall in plasma tyrosine and clearing of the hyperkeratosis of the soles. Liver biopsy of this patient revealed low but measurable levels of cytoplasmic tyrosine aminotransferase and elevated levels of the mitochondrial tyrosine-metabolizing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase. It is hypothesized that these enzymes have been induced in sufficient amounts to account for the mild clinical course.
J Invest Dermatol 1979 Dec
PMID:Hepatic enzymes of tyrosine metabolism in tyrosinemia II. 4 76

To determine whether liver function tests and clinical and demographic information would predict methotrexate-associated hepatotoxicity, we identified 78 patients who had undergone 147 liver biopsies associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. The joint sensitivity of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin values in detecting abnormal results from a biopsy specimen obtained after treatment was .86; the predictive value of negative test results was .93. A logistic regression model significantly predicted the presence of abnormal (grade III or higher) liver biopsy specimen results. The concordance index was .92 (perfect, 1.0). Regression coefficients may be used along with information from a specific patient to calculate the predicted probability of an abnormal result from a liver biopsy specimen after treatment. We conclude that this multivariate risk estimation model significantly predicts the likelihood of positive findings from liver biopsy specimens in this patient population. The clinical use of this model awaits further validation.
Arch Dermatol 1989 Sep
PMID:Detection of hepatotoxicity associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. 277 96

Two children, 19 months of age, were independently treated with a compassionate protocol of etretinate therapy for recalcitrant, debilitating pustular psoriasis. Laboratory test results, roentgenograms of the spine, and bone age were periodically monitored. Over a 31/2-year period of intermittent treatment with a maximum dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/d, both children showed remarkable improvement with no apparent drug effect on growth and development. Side effects included xerosis, skin fragility and transient, minimal elevations of aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, and triglyceride levels. Etretinate therapy may prove to be a viable treatment option for the child with intractable pustular psoriasis that seriously impairs quality of life.
Arch Dermatol 1987 Feb
PMID:Etretinate therapy for generalized pustular psoriasis in children. 354 86

The opportunity to continue treatment was offered to the parents of 37 children who had completed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a specific formulation of Chinese medicinal herbs for atopic eczema. The parents elected for continued treatment in every case, and the progress of the children was monitored over the following 12 months. The aim was to achieve a substantial clinical improvement, and thereafter to reduce treatment frequency progressively while maintaining this benefit. At the end of the year, 18 enjoyed at least 90% reductions in eczema activity scores, and five showed lesser degrees of improvement. Fourteen children withdrew from the study, 10 due to lack of response, and four because of unpalatability of treatment or difficulty in the preparation of treatment. By the end of the year, seven of the children were able to discontinue treatment without relapse. The other 16 required treatment to maintain control of their eczema, but only four of these still required daily treatment. Asymptomatic elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase to 7-14 times normal values was noted on one occasion in two children whose eczema was so well controlled that the therapy was stopped. Liver function tests were normal 8 weeks later. We conclude that Chinese medicinal herbs provide a therapeutic option for children with extensive atopic eczema which has failed to respond to other treatments. In the medium term, it proved helpful for approximately half the children who originally took part in our placebo-controlled trial. The possibility that it may provoke hepatic abnormalities requires further study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Br J Dermatol 1994 Apr
PMID:One-year follow up of children treated with Chinese medicinal herbs for atopic eczema. 818 15

To investigate the hepatic abnormalities accompanying experimental protoporphyria due to griseofulvin (GF), liver function test values and porphyrin levels in mice were assayed at days 2, 4, 8, and 16 after starting the administration of 0.5% GF feed. Furthermore, in an attempt to elucidate the harmful effects of GF on liver functions, the above mentioned assay was also performed after the feed was discontinued in mice given 0.5% GF feed for 16 days. The hepatic protoporphyrin (PP) level had already risen by day 2, but the erythrocytic PP level was within normal limits at that time. Hepatic PP levels increased gradually, followed by an increase in erythrocytic PP levels. The variation in liver function test values roughly paralleled the porphyrin levels. Over the time span of the response to GF, the variations in the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (S-GOT) levels, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (S-GPT) levels, and leucine amino peptidase (LAP) levels resembled those in hepatic PP. On the other hand, the changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels paralleled those of the erythrocytic PP levels. Erythrocytic and fecal protoporphyrin levels decreased to the normal level one month after the discontinuation of GF administration, but the hepatic protoporphyrin level still was 53.6 times higher than the normal level two months after switching to normal feed. The values of liver function tests had returned to within the normal range after one month. By the fourth day after the administration of GF, a brown pigmented material could be observed around the hepatocytes and the Glisson sheath; the amount of this material increased day by day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Dermatol 1993 Sep
PMID:Experimental murine protoporphyria induced by griseofulvin (GF): the relationship between hepatic porphyrin levels and liver function test values in mice treated with GF. 822 9

We describe a 4-year-old girl with a spontaneous blistering disorder that was consistent with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). There was no familial history of the disease or any obvious causative factors present. Oral hydroxychloroquine (3 mg/kg) was given twice weekly along with vitamin E (200 U/d) as an antioxidant. Within 6 weeks, marked decreased blistering occurred and by 12 weeks no blistering was evident. Despite clinical improvement and tolerance of hydroxychloroquine, urinary uroporphyrin, aspartate aminotransferase, and ferritin levels continued to rise reaching peak levels at 16 weeks of therapy. Near total biochemical remission was observed at 40 weeks and all therapy was discontinued at 60 weeks.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 May
PMID:Childhood-onset porphyria cutanea tarda: successful therapy with low-dose hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil). 959 92

Since 1987, about 60 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported. The respective roles of HIV and toxic hepatic factor in PCT remain unclear. We report 10 new cases and analyse the following toxic hepatic factors: hepatitis C and B, alcoholism, drugs. The route of HIV transmission to these 10 men were: IV drugs abuse (3), homo/bisexuality (4), heterosexuality (1), and unknown (2). When PCT was diagnosed, their average age was 38 years (29-54) and the HIV-infection had been established for 4.8 years (0.33-9). Seven men had HIV-related symptoms and a CD4+ lymphocyte count below 200/mm3. Cutaneous signs and urinary porphyrin count were characteristic. Alcohol abuse was present in 8/10 patients. AST, ALT and/or gamma GT were high in 9/10 patients; 5/10 patients had HCV antibodies (4 were HCV-PCR positive). HBs antigenemia was negative among the 5/8 patients with HBV antibodies; 10/10 patients took prescribed hepatotoxic drugs. Our series confirms the presence of toxic hepatic factors in PCT of HIV-positive patients. Hepatitis C, alcoholism and hepatotoxic drug consumption seem to be triggers for the appearance of PCT in HIV-positive patients.
Eur J Dermatol
PMID:Porphyria cutanea tarda associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 985 61

Thirty patients completed this open-label, multicenter prospective study performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of terbinafine treatment of onychomycosis of the feet in elderly patients. Inclusion criteria included an age of 60 years or older, a diagnosis of onychomycosis confirmed by positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation at baseline, and toenails capable of regrowth. Patients were excluded from the study if they had received any systemic antifungal therapy within the previous 3 months or topical antifungal therapy within 1 week prior to the start of the study; had psoriasis; had toenail abnormalities interfering with normal toenail appearance; were immunosuppressed or immunodeficient; or had serum hepatic enzyme (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT; serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, SGPT) values greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal at baseline. Following baseline evaluations, eligible patients received a 12-week supply of oral terbinafine (250 mg/day) for self-administration. Compliance was assessed by tablet counts at each visit and defined as the use of at least 80% of the medication prescribed at the first two visits. Follow-up evaluations were conducted for the next 60 weeks, for a total study period of 72 weeks. These visits occurred at weeks 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72. All follow-up visits included: (i) the reporting of adverse effects; (ii) assessment of efficacy by KOH preparation, mycologic culture, and investigator evaluation; and (iii) physician and patient global assessments of various quality of life parameters (except for the visit at week 36). Safety and tolerance were assessed by physical examination at baseline and week 12, by laboratory evaluations (hematology, blood chemistry, and urinalysis) at baseline, week 6 and week 12, and by reporting and evaluation of adverse events throughout the entire study. Investigators assessed the extent of involvement of the target toenail and recorded global assessments of therapeutic efficacy at all visits. Mycologic evaluation was conducted by KOH preparation and a mycologic culture of the target toenail. Because of discrepancies in KOH results between the investigator sites and the central laboratory in early analyses, we chose to use the mycologic culture results to evaluate efficacy. Because all 30 subjects were treated with terbinafine, the entire group was considered for safety evaluation.
Int J Dermatol 2000 Nov
PMID:Clinical trial: the safety of terbinafine in patients over the age of 60 years: a multicenter trial in onychomycosis of the feet. 1112 52

A continuing sub-clinical streptococcal infection might be responsible for chronic plaque psoriasis. In this open study, we investigated thirty patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. The majority of the patients had been ill for 5 years or more (21 out of the total 30), and they had taken various treatment modalities for psoriasis with no significant improvement and frequent relapses. Total duration of the study was two years. Initially benzathine penicillin 1.2 million units, was given I.M. AST fortnightly. After 24 weeks benzathine penicillin was reduced to 1.2 million units once a month. Relevant investigations and clinical assessment was done at regular intervals to detect side effects and to observe the progress of disease. Significant improvement in the PASI score was noted from 12 weeks onwards. All patients showed excellent improvement at 2 years. Patients tolerated the therapy well. Controlled studies are needed to further confirm the benefits of long-term use of benzathine penicillin in the treatment of psoriasis.
Eur J Dermatol
PMID:Long-term use of penicillin for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. 1617 45

Hepatic and hematologic toxicity are among the most fearful adverse effects that occasionally occur as a result of systemic drugs in the dermatologist's therapeutic armamentarium. Drugs of greatest interest concerning hepatic toxicity include methotrexate, azathioprine, dapsone, and acitretin. Somewhat overlapping are drugs that have important hematologic toxicities, including methotrexate, azathioprine, dapsone, sulfonamides, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil. Laboratory tests most commonly used include (1) hepatic monitoring: transaminases (AST/SGOT and ALT/SGPT) and the ultrasound-guided liver biopsy, and (2) hematologic monitoring: CBC with diff and platelets along with occasional use of the reticulocyte count. Important principles and specific guidelines for monitoring by drug group are highlighted.
Dermatol Clin 2007 Apr
PMID:Suggested guidelines for patient monitoring: hepatic and hematologic toxicity attributable to systemic dermatologic drugs. 1743 Jul 56


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