Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Feeding a basal diet free of vitamins E and C to weanling male rats for 8 months resulted in biochemical changes characteristic of vitamin E deficiency. These included increased liver thiobarbituric acid values; decreased blood GSH levels, plasma vitamin E levels, and glutathione peroxidase activities; and increased activities of plasma pyruvate kinase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase. Tube-feeding vitamin C for 21 days resulted in partial reversal effects on the above parameters except activities of glutathione peroxidase, lactic dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase. The results suggest that vitamin C may spare in part the metabolism of vitamin E through its antioxidant property.
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PMID:Vitamin C partially reversed some biochemical changes produced by vitamin E deficiency. 382 80

Serum aminoterminal procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) was measured in 36 alcoholic subjects. There was a significant elevation of PIIIP in subjects with proven liver disease (median 17.5 ng/ml, n = 24) compared to those without liver disease (median 4.7 ng/ml, n = 12). Those subjects with raised serum transaminase values (AST) had elevated PIIIP values (median 13.7 ng/ml, n = 22) compared to those with normal transaminase values (median 3.7 ng/ml, n = 14). In those alcoholic subjects who were deficient in both selenium and vitamin E there was a significant elevation (p less than 0.01) of PIIIP values (median 26.4 ng/ml, n = 7) compared to subjects with normal levels (median 7 ng/ml, n = 11). Subjects deficient in selenium alone had PIIIP values in an intermediate range. Selenium and vitamin E, as important free radical scavengers, may protect the liver in alcoholic subjects from oxidative damage leading to hepatic fibrosis.
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PMID:Aminoterminal procollagen III peptide elevation in alcoholics who are selenium and vitamin E deficient. 395 42

The biochemical profile [levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides and iron, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, glucose, and vitamins A and E] was studied in the blood serum of 40 anoestrous and 40 control inseminated animals in a production herd with an increased occurrence of anoestrus in gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed significantly lower levels of albumin (P less than 0.01) and glucose (P less than 0.01) and ALP activity (P less than 0.05), and significantly higher concentrations of urea (P less than 0.01), vitamin A (P less than 0.01) and vitamin E (P less than 0.05) and ALT activity (P less than 0.05), as compared with the inseminated controls. An extended enzymatological examination consisting of the evaluation of the activities of ALP, AST, ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT) was performed in another set of 22 anoestrous and 20 mated gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed a statistically significant increase in the activities of AST (P less than 0.01), GMT (P less than 0.01) and ALT (P less than 0.05) and an insignificant increase in the activity of ALP in comparison with the control animals. The comparison of the obtained values of the studied biochemical criteria with literary data indicated a lower concentration of magnesium and a higher ALP and ALT activities in the anoestrous and inseminated gilts in both groups under study. A high acidity of fat and a medium to high fungus infestation (Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp.) were found by chemical and mycological examination of the administered feed mixtures. The histological examination of the ovaries of anoestrous animals showed cystically degenerative changes, proliferations of fibrous elements, and partial atrophy of ovarial cortex. It has been inferred from the observations that mycotoxins may be involved in the increase in the occurrence of anoestrus, either by a direct effect on sexual organs or by impairing the function of liver which, secondarily contributes to the rise of ovarial dysfunctions.
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PMID:[Changes in selected biochemical indicators in blood serum in anestrous gilts]. 640 28

The seasonal characteristics of the efficacy of vitamin E and sodium selenite in tetracycline affections of the liver were studied on 128 noninbred male albino rats. It was shown that in comparison to vitamin E sodium selenite more actively retarded activation of lipid peroxidation in the liver and activation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum in autumn and winter. A more pronounced inhibition of the increased levels of the dienic conjugates and alanine aminotransferase was observed in spring and summer and malonic dialdehyde and aspartate aminotransferase in summer by tocopherol acetate as compared to sodium selenite. The level of the thiol-disulfide equilibrium on the separate use of the drugs in spring and summer was higher than the control one. However, it did not reach the control level in autumn and winter. The combined use of sodium selenite and vitamin E prevented the toxic effect of tetracycline on the liver in autumn, spring and summer. Still, in the winter no such prevention was observed. The mechanisms of the seasonal differences in the tetracycline effect on the liver and the efficacy of the antioxidants in such affections are discussed.
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PMID:[Seasonal characteristics of the effectiveness of vitamin E and sodium selenate in tetracycline-induced liver damage]. 652 88

Paresis of the limbs of two 4-month-old ostriches fed a diet predominantly of crushed maize was investigated. Raised levels of serum aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase were demonstrated in both birds. The less severely affected ostrich recovered after a single intramuscular injection of a vitamin E-selenium preparation but the other died despite therapy. An autopsy of the latter revealed focal pale areas in the thigh muscle. Microscopically affected muscle fibres showed degeneration, necrosis and regenerative changes. Fibrinoid degeneration and necrosis of some arterioles was observed as well as varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis. The above findings suggest a diagnosis of vitamin E-selenium deficiency.
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PMID:Suspected vitamin E-selenium deficiency in two ostriches. 663 92

Studies on albino rats showed that high doses of tetracycline-induced damages of the liver evident from increased activity of serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and inhibition of bile secretion, synthesis and secretion of bile acids and cholesterol excretion. Administration of vitamin E, sodium selenite, infusion of Astragalus L. and especially vitamin E combinations with sodium selenite markedly or completely arrested the occurrence of hepatotoxic properties of tetracycline. It is suggested that the use of vitamin E combinations with selenium-containing preparations is advisable in the prophylaxis and treatment of tetracycline-induced damages of the liver.
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PMID:[Vitamin E and selenium-containing preparations in the prevention treatment of tetracycline-induced lesions of the liver]. 663 74

15-minute forced movement of pigs evoked after 18 to 24 hours an increase in the activity of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase and in the level of non-esterified fatty acids in blood serum. The changes in the enzyme activity following muscular strain were individual. The pig group with higher average weight gains, fed the diet containing 284 g of crude protein per 1 kg, showed greater differences in the muscular enzymatic activity than the animals with lower weight gains, fed the diet containing 260 g crude protein per 1 kg. Single administration of vitamin E (six hours before strain) did not subdue the elution of enzymes from tissues after muscular strain. Another important strain factor was the fixation of pigs by trying them outside their own group.
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PMID:[Biochemical changes in the blood of pigs after exertion]. 679 48

The purpose was to determine if cows fed corn silage during gestation have calves with low serum tocopherol and high erythrocyte hemolytic rates. Ten cows were fed hay, six fed corn silage with one vitamin E injection, and six fed corn silage with no injection beginning with the 6th mo of gestation. Hay intakes were adjusted to equalize intakes of dry matter. Analysis of tocopherol isomers was by reverse phase, high performance liquid chromatography. Alpha-tocopherol and potassium were lower for hay-fed cows than for cows fed predominantly corn silage, but creatinine phosphokinase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glucose were higher. Calves from hay-fed cows had lower alpha-tocopherol and higher glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. No consistent histopathological changes of muscle tissue were seen. Erythrocyte hemolytic rates were low. Serum vitamin E of cows may change during gestation because of type of forage fed. Specific enzyme changes may give an early indication of a change of tocopherol status of cattle.
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PMID:Changes of tocopherols in blood serum of cows fed hay or silage. 688 74

Day-old poults from hens depleted of Se were fed low-Se basal diets (containing corn, soybean meal, and torula yeast but no added vitamin E) with graded levels of Se supplied by Na2SeO3 or seleno-DL-methionine for 28 and 35 days in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Adding .04 ppm Se to the basal diet significantly increased body weight and reduced both the incidence of gizzard myopathy and plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (PGOT) activity. Further plasma Se and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) were elevated by increasing levels of dietary Se. There were no differences in these parameters due to the Se compound fed. Plasma SeGSHpx was significantly correlated with both dietary and plasma Se levels. Poults fed selenomethionine had significantly higher concentrations of Se in the gizzard, breast muscle, and pancreas, but not in the liver and heart, compared to poults fed Na2SeO3. These studies indicate that the utilization of Se in both Na2SeO3 and selenomethionine is approximately equal in young turkey poults.
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PMID:Comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults. 708

1. Glutatione peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.9) and erythrocyte stability were measured in Friesian bull calves which were given for 36 weeks semi-purified diets either adequate or low in selenium or vitamin E or both. 2. Dietary Se or vitamin E content had no effect on growth rate and haematlogical values. None of the calves exhibited clinical deficiency symptoms and serum aspartate amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activities remained normal. Heart and skeletal muscles of all calves appeared macroscopically and microscopically normal ato autopsy. 3. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma, blood and other tissues, except the testis, was significantly lower in calves receiving low dietary Se but was independent of dietary vitamin E content. 4. Plasma vitamin E levels decreased rapidly and to very low levels in calves given low vitamin E diets irrespective of the Se content of the diet. 5. A low dietary vitamin E intake increased the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- and peroxidative haemolysis whereas a low Se intake in the presence of adequate vitamin E did not. However, erythrocytes from calves receiving low Se and low vitamin E were more susceptible to peroxidative haemolysis than erythrocytes from calves receiving low vitamin E and adequate Se. The effect of dietary vitamin E content on osmotic haemolysis induced by hypotonic saline was variable. 6. The results suggest that measurement of blood glutathione peroxidase activity and the susceptibility of erythrocytes to auto- or peroxidative haemolysis could be used for the differential diagnosis of subclinical Se and vitamin E deficiency in ruminants.
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PMID:Glutathione peroxidase activity and erythrocyte stability in calves differing in selenium and vitamin E status. 728


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