Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated whether intraportal injection of 150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) into rats reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion. The organ was isolated and perfused to evaluate liver function. The control group received an intraportal injection of 5% dextrose. NAC increased L-cysteine concentrations 15 minutes after injection (1.29 +/- 0.11 mumol/g vs. 2.68 +/- 0.4 mumol/g, P < .05). However, neither treatment modified glutathione liver concentrations relative to preinjection values. After 48 hours of cold storage and 2 hours of reperfusion, livers from NAC-treated rats produced larger amounts of bile than those in the control group (5.04 +/- 1.92 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.37 microL/g liver; P < .05), and showed a significant reduction in liver injury, as indicated by reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase (679.4 +/- 174.4 vs. 1891.3 +/- 268.3 IU/L/g; P < .01), aspartate transaminase (AST) (13.94 +/- 3.5 vs. 38.75 IU/L/g; P < .01), alanine transaminase ALT) (14.92 +/- 4.09 vs. 45.91 +/- 10.58 IU/L/g; P < .05), and acid phosphatase, a marker of Kupffer cell injury (344.4 +/- 89.6 vs. 927.3 +/- 150.8 IU/L/g; P < .01) in the perfusate. Reduced glutathione concentrations in the perfusate were similar in the two groups (805 +/- 69 vs. 798 +/- 252 nmol/L/g), whereas oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were higher in the control group (967 +/- 137 vs. 525 +/- 126 nmol/L/g; P < .05). Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in liver tissue collected at the end of perfusion were significantly higher in the NAC group (7.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.0 mumol/g; P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver. 763 22

A detailed investigation on the anti-inflammatory activity of the butanol fraction of a methanol extract (BMEL) of the defatted leaves of Paederia foetida was undertaken to find the pharmacological basis for the ethnomedical use of the plant. This fraction produced a significant inhibition of granulation tissue formation in cotton-pellet implanted rats. It decreased liver aspartate transaminase activity without affecting serum aspartate transaminase activity. It did not, however, affect adrenal weight and ascorbic acid content significantly, thus ruling out a stimulation of the adrenal-pituitary axis. BMEL antagonised hyposaline-induced haemolysis of human red blood cells and an elevation of rat serum acid phosphatase activity, indicating the presence of a membrane stabilising activity. It also inhibited the elevation of serum orosomucoid levels in rats, suggesting the possibility of the presence of disease-modifying antirheumatic activity. The results indicate that there is some rationale behind the ethnomedical use of the plant for treating inflammatory disorders.
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PMID:Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of Paederia foetida. 796 47

Glurenorm, a IInd generation sulfanylurea preparation, was used for a year as a sugar-reducing drug in 20 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and concomitant diseases of the liver (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, n = 5) and biliferous duct (cholelithiasis, a state following cholecystectomy, chronic cholecystitis, n = 15). A year follow-up has not shown deterioration of liver function as indicated by results of liver tests (AST, ALT, acid phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides). The hypoglycemic effect of the drug proved to be inferior to that of sulfanylurea derivatives, but the absence of side effects permit higher doses of glurenorm (up to 4-6 tablets daily) as against other oral sugar-reducing drugs.
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PMID:[Glurenorm in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with diseases of the liver and bile ducts]. 841 21

Despite the relatively ready availability of thyroid cyst fluid specimens, little has been published on their biochemical composition. We measured the concentrations of 18 analytes in thyroid cyst fluid specimens from benign (n = 17) and malignant (n = 3) lesions and in homogenates of normal thyroid tissue (n = 5). The concentrations of an additional five analytes were measured in selected cyst fluid specimens only. Compared with normal human serum specimens, we found that in thyroid cyst fluid specimens the activities of acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and the concentrations of iron and total bilirubin were highly increased. The concentration of glucose was low. The gross appearance of the fluids and the presence of certain analytes were consistent with a hemorrhagic origin of most of the benign and malignant cyst fluid specimens. Other biochemical markers, however, indicated colloidlike features and/or an admixture of thyroid tissue components to the cyst fluid. Although we have limited data for cyst fluid specimens from malignant thyroid lesions, we found no evidence that the results of any of the common biochemical tests would distinguish benign from malignant lesions.
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PMID:Biochemical analysis of thyroid cyst fluid obtained by fine-needle aspiration. 850 29

The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzyme activity of cellular membranes (GGT), cytosol (ALT, AST) and lysosome (AP, AcP) in the cytosol, whole homogenate and blood serum during declamping shock, following release of abdominal aorta cross-clamping. The aorta was clamped for 60 minutes. An increase in GGT, AP and AcP activities in the cytosol and whole homogenate of the renal cortex, renal medulla, liver, lung, heart and the skeletal muscle occurs after declamping. Rise in the enzymatic activity, especially of acid phosphatase is higher when the aorta above renal arteries was clamped. However, its activity in the blood serum remains unchanged. Alterations in the distribution and the activity of the studied enzymes may indicate that aortic clamping damages the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal membranes. Yet, cellular membranes preserve their structural and functional integrity.
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PMID:Activity of membrane, cytosol and lysosome enzymes in organs and blood serum during declamping shock. 852 88

Cyclophosphamide, and antineoplastic drug, and vitamin E, the common antioxidant present in the diet, were administered in separate dosages and in combination to animals (rats) with fibrosarcoma, metastatic tumor of the connective tissues, induced. The anticancer drug (20 mg/kg body weight) and the vitamin-E (400 mg/kg body weight) was administered for a period of 28 days from the day of tumor transplantation. The individual and the combined effects of these two substances were investigated by checking the growth of the tumor. Tumor markers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed for the changes in their concentration in serum, liver, and kidney to assess the success of the therapy. The increased level of the enzymes in the fibrosarcoma-suffering rats (GPII) was reduced by cyclophosphamide treatment (GP III) and vitamin E administration (GP IV). Among the treated groups, the combination therapy (GP V) showed greater efficacy in the treatment of fibrosarcoma than did individual administration, as there was more reduction in the levels of enzymes in Group V than those in to Groups III and IV. The enzyme levels were brought to near the normal level.
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PMID:Effect of administering cyclophosphamide and vitamin E on the levels of tumor-marker enzymes in rats with experimentally induced fibrosarcoma. 853 10

The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of cryodestruction of the healthy prostate on general condition of dogs. The research was performed on 18 dogs divided into two groups: control and experimental. In the dogs from the experimental group after the laparotomy procedure the prostate was frozen in the repeated cycle using the flat cryoapplicator. The observations were carried out for 6 months. General condition of dogs was controlled, blood was examined and urine analysed. The performed determinations included the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and prostatic isoenzyme of acid phosphatase. It has been observed that the cryodestruction procedures of the prostatic gland are well tolerated by dogs. During 3 weeks after the surgery the number of leucocytes in blood increased. An increased drop of the blood cells was observed for 2 weeks after the procedure. Characteristic behaviour was observed in case of the prostatic isoenzyme of acid phosphatase. Immediately after the procedure the increased activity of that enzyme was observed and 24h later its decrease which remained for about 2 weeks. Then the isoenzyme activity increased again and that increase lasted for the period of 2 months.
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PMID:Organism reaction to cryodestruction of the prostatic gland in dogs. 859 Sep 8

Milt of brown, rainbow and brook trout was cryopreserved. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and acid phosphatase was assayed both in supernatants and in spermatozoa obtained from thawed sperm samples; additionally, post-thaw motility was evaluated. Enzyme activities differed according to fish species and were strongly affected by the type of cryoprotectant used. The activity in supernatants was usually higher than that in spermatozoa because of protein leakage from injured cells. AspAT activity in cryopreserved spermatozoa correlated positively with fertilization success in all three species. There was a negative correlation between activity of extracellular (supernatant) AspAT and fertilization rates in variants with dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide-based extenders. The motility of thawed sperm, determined microscopically, provided some information on the cryopreservation efficiency of trout milt.
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PMID:Activity of aspartate aminotransferase and acid phosphatase in cryopreserved trout sperm. 898 42

Thirteen enzymes encoded by 16 loci of six population of Oncomelania hupensis in Zhejiang, China, were investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Ten loci (AO, 6PGD, ME, AKP, OCT-1, HBDH-1, HBDH-2, XDH, MDH and MPI) were monomorphic and 6 loci (OCT-2, PGI, AAT, PGM-1, PGM-2 and ACP) were polymorphic. Three enzymes (OCT, HBDH and PGM) were encoded by 2 loci. The results indicated that there were allozyme variations in two subspecies, O.h. hupensis and O.h. fausti in Zhejiang, China. Nei's multilocus genetic distances (D) between subspecies ranged from 0.167 to 0.265. Minor genetic distances were detected between populations of the same subspecies. The results indicated that the enzyme acid phosphatase (ACP) is a possible marker to measure the degree of susceptibility of O. hupensis to S. Japonicum.
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PMID:Allozyme variation among six populations of the freshwater-snail Oncomelania hupensis in Zhejiang, China. 928 11

Effect of fenvalerate on cell architecture, tissue biochemical parameters and its residual concentration was studied in broiler chicks following dermal application at 0.1 and 1% in ethanol once daily for 31 days. It did neither produce loss of body weight nor clinical signs of toxicity. Kidney contained maximal residue followed by heart, fat, liver and brain after 0.1%; and fat contained maximal residue followed by kidney, heart, liver and brain after 1% application. Fenvalerate (0.1%) increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (except brain), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (AcP) (only brain) activities, glycogen level (only liver) in liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues; and 1% increased the AST (except brain), ALT, AcP (except liver and kidney), AP (only heart), glycogen (only liver) and decreased AP (except heart), AcP (only kidney), cholesterol (except liver and heart), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (liver and brain) of liver, kidney, heart and brain tissue homogenates respectively. Histopathological examination in general showed aggregation of mononuclear cells in liver, around the kidney tubules and cardiac muscle fibre. In addition, fibrosis in the periportal area of liver, proliferation of ureter and tubular degeneration, and congestion of endocardial vessels were also observed. The intensity of cellular changes was more marked after 1% dermal application.
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PMID:Effect of short-term dermal toxicity of fenvalerate on residue, cell architecture and biochemical profiles in broiler chicks. 931 26


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