Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injectable progestogen, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN, 200 mg/ml at 60 day intervals), was administered to 150 women for 2 years as their method of contraception. Blood levels of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, acetylcholinesterase (AChe), sialic acid were determined in all subjects to ascertain whether NET-EN therapy causes any adverse metabolic effect or damage to the functional status of the liver. NET-EN contraception did not alter the liver function enzymes but there is a significant increase (P0.001) in AChE activity after 2 years. Serum sialic acid level showed a transient increase up to 1 year, which however returned to control level later. The mechanism responsible for these changes and whether the rise in sialic acid and AChE activity are related to any pathological condition remain unclear at this stage.
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PMID:Studies on some enzymes and sialic acid during progestational contraceptive therapy. 646 44

Twenty Thoroughbred 3 year old horses (10 stallions and 10 mares), trained and raced at the Warsaw Race-Course were studied from March through November. Blood was taken approximately every 8 weeks to determine the activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase. It was observed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase reached their maxima in July and alanine transaminase in May. The activities of acid phosphatase and aldolase showed their minima in July. Comparing these data with the literature it was noted that the changes observed are mainly seasonally-dependent; but, training had some influence on the activity of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
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PMID:Seasonal enzyme activity changes in two aminotransferases AspAT and AlAT, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase in the serum of Thoroughbred horses during a racing season. 653 19

To evaluate genetic variability in two populations of the wild quail Coturnix coturnix japonica, proteins and enzymes were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. Rare variants so far not observed in domestic quail were found in the following five enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, pancreatic esterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The proportion of polymorphic loci (P poly) and the expected average heterozygosity (H) in one of the two populations were estimated to be 0.484 (15/31) and 0.085, respectively. Those in another population were 0.433 (13/30) and 0.086, respectively. The genetic distance (Nei, 1975) between the two wild quail populations was D = 0.0074. D values of 0.0321 and 0.0189 were estimated between the laboratory quail population previously examined (Kimura et al., 1982) and each of these two wild populations.
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PMID:Protein polymorphism in two populations of the wild quail Coturnix coturnix japonica. 674 11

The activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid and neutral protease, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase were measured in the serum of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Acid protease (cathepsin D) activity was increased about tenfold in patients who died and nearly fourfold in those who survived fulminant hepatic failure after paracetamol overdose, whereas activities were increased equally in patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis whether or not they survived. A correlation was found between serum acid protease activity and prothrombin time, and the increase in cathepsin D activity was sustained over several days compared with aspartate aminotransferase, which showed a sharp early peak and then a fall. Circulating lysosomal proteases can damage other organs, and measurement of their activity may therefore be of added value in assessing prognosis in this condition.
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PMID:Circulating lysosomal enzymes and acute hepatic necrosis. 700 43

Glutathion (GSH) plays an important role in maintenance of the redox state of the myocardium and acts as the membrane stabilizer. Seventeen patients who underwent cardiac surgery were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and ischemic cardioplegia. The effect of GSH on ischemic myocardium was evaluated by serum lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase), isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (MB-CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (m-GOT). standard CPB was instituted and systemic hypothermia was employed. GSH was administered to 8 patients in a dose of 200 mg/kg i.v. prior to institution of CPB. Mixed venous blood was sampled before administration of GSH, 10 min after institution of CPB and 0, 1, 6, 24 and 48 hr of reperfusion period following cardioplegia. Activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were significantly suppressed in the GSH-treated group compared to the non-treated group at 24 hours of reperfusion and immediately after aortic unclamping, respectively. Serum MB-CPK levels remained stable during reperfusion, but in the non-treated group, the level increased significantly at 6 hours of reperfusion. Increment of serum m-GOT levels was significantly suppressed at 1, 6 and 24 hours of reperfusion, compared to the non-treated group. These data suggest that pretreatment of GSH can protect the myocardium subjected to CPB from ischemic insult.
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PMID:Effect of glutathion pretreatment on hypothermic ischemic cardioplegia. 710 61

Chronic oral administration of ammonium molybdate in rats markedly retarded the growth rate of rats and high protein diet could partially reverse this condition. The activities of several enzymes viz. acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and acetylcholinesterase in different tissues and serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin and cortisol are altered due to the toxicity conditions and high protein diet fed group of animals showed almost normal values in respect of a few of these parameters. Normal histological pattern of both liver and kidney tissues were altered under molybdenum toxicity condition. Significant increase of basophilic substances are observed in the cytoplasm of the liver cells of the toxic group of animals which is counteracted by feeding high protein diet.
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PMID:Biochemical studies on molybdenum toxicity in rats: effects of high protein feeding. 732 62

Acute and chronic effects of Se as sodium selenite given as a supplement in the drinking water of Sprague-Dawley rats for 35 d, 1 yr, and 2 yr are compared. For the 35-d study the experimental groups were untreated controls and rats supplemented with 1, 4, 8, 16, and 64 ppm Se. Survival was 100% in the control and 1 and 4 ppm groups, decreased in the 8 and 16 ppm groups, and was zero in the 64 ppm group. Body weights increased and were equivalent in the control and 1 and 4 ppm groups and substantially decreased in the 16 and 64 ppm groups., Serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increased with 16 ppm Se and higher supplements. Se toxicity was apparent in microscopic pathology showing liver congestion, fatty degeneration of parenchymal cells, and necrosis. In the chronic studies untreated controls are compared with rate receiving 4 ppm Se in the drinking water. In general, the weight gains throughout were equivalent for both groups. The 1-yr survival in each was above 90% and the 2-yr survival above 50%. With increased age there was a slight reduction in hemoglobin and white blood cells. The latter effect was greater in Se-treated then in control rats. Several serum components were equivalent in both groups, including alkaline and acid phosphatase, SGOT, protein, glucose, and sialic acid. Liver glutathione peroxidase was half and Se levels in the Se-treated rats were twice those in the controls. Data are presented for male rats in the chronic study with occasional reference to data on females. The parameters measured in the chronic study are highly dependent on the age of the rat when Se-supplemented drinking water is initiated.
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PMID:Toxicological effects of sodium selenite in Sprague-Dawley rats. 733 30

Activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase were reduced in unstimulated pooled saliva of 15-year-old adolescents with endemic fluorosis, vs. those without fluorosis. This point to reduced production of glutamate which is indispensable for bacterial growth. The activity of acid phosphatase in pooled stimulated with 1% pilocarpin saliva of rats fed a water ration with 5 and 20 mg/liter fluorine in comparison with control rats fed water with fluorine concentration of 0.21 mg/liter. Noteworthy that alkaline phosphatase activity was virtually unchanged at fluorine concentrations 5 and 20 mg/liter in the water. The significance of the results as far as it regards the pathogenesis of caries and fluorosis is discussed.
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PMID:[The enzymes of glutamate and organic phosphate metabolism in the saliva in fluorosis (clinical and experimental research)]. 748 2

The effect of carrot extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage was evaluated. The increased serum enzyme levels (viz., glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol and glutamate dehydrogenase) by CCl4-induction were significantly lowered due to pretreatment with the extract. The extract also decreased the elevated serum bilirubin and urea content due to CCl4 administration. Increased activities of hepatic 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease and decreased levels of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome P-450 produced by CCl4 were reversed by the extract in a dose-responsive way. Results of this study revealed that carrot could afford a significant protective action in the alleviation of CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of carrot (Daucus carota L.) against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in mouse liver. 750 Jun 38

Blood samples were taken and subjected to biochemical analysis in the crossbred cows of the Red-Pied, Black-Pied or Holstein-Friesian breed raised on a large farm under standard conditions, with the average annual milk yield of 4,300 kg milk, and divided into two groups--cows with afterbirth retention and without it; the samples were taken in the last period of pregnancy (since day 245), during parturition, and within the first 50 days post partum. In both groups, the values of acid-base balance and metabolic profile mostly ranged within the interval of reference values, nevertheless there were certain trends and differences in absolute values as well as in the dynamics of changes, but they did not always show a doubtless character and the same significance. The cows with afterbirth retention exhibited a trend of a more expressive decrease in partial pressure CO2, actual acid output and phosphorus level. Glucose level at the end of pregnancy was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.01), cholesterol level also decreased (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the cows with afterbirth retention had, at the end of pregnancy, statistically significantly higher concentrations of urea and creatinine (P < 0.05-0.01), a higher bilirubin level and enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, and particularly of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05-0.01). There were insignificant differences in the concentrations of total protein, calcium, magnesium and enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase.
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PMID:[Metabolic profile in cows in the peripartum period with and without retained placenta]. 757 Dec 42


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