Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The activities of citrate synthase and NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases were measured in nervous tissue from different animals in an attempt to provide more information about the citric acid cycle in this tissue. In higher animals the activities of citrate synthase are greater than the sum of activities of the isocitrate dehydrogenases, whereas they are similar in nervous tissues from the lower animals. This suggests that in higher animals the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction is far-removed from equilibrium. If it is assumed that isocitrate dehydrogenase activities provide an indication of the maximum flux through the citric acid cycle, the maximum glycolytic capacity in nervous tissue is considerably greater than that of the cycle. This suggest that glycolysis can provide energy in excess of the aerobic capacity of the tissue. 2. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase are high in most nervous tissues and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase are high in all nervous tissue investigated. However, the activities of alanine aminotransferase are low in all tissues except the ganglia of the waterbug and cockroach. In these insect tissues, anaerobic glycolysis may result in the formation of alanine rather than lactate.
...
PMID:Activities of citrate synthase, NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in nervous tissues from vertebrates and invertebrates. 0 Oct 3

Tetrahymena pyriformis Wh 14 was grown in Erlenmeyer flasks under continuous stirring at 30 degrees C for three days . After the culture had produced dry matter of about 100 mg HCB was added in acetone at a dose level of 0, 0.001, 0.1 and 1.0 ppm to the culture and incubated for another 7 days. At a dose level of 0.001 ppm the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, hexokinase, and pyruvate kinase remained unaffected but was increased for glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase while 0.1 ppm HCB increased the activity of all enzymes studied, the only exception being glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, the activity of which was depressed by HCB exposure. A concentration of 1.0 ppm HCB depressed the activity of most of the enzymes below control values with the exception of the two mitochondrial enzymes, MDH and ICDH, studied here.
...
PMID:Effect of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on the activity of some enzymes from Tetrahymena pyriformis. 10 53

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in 67 alcoholics and 40 drug dependent patients. Bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were also measured. GGTP elevation was observed in 48% of alcoholics and in 50% of drug dependents. The incidences of elevated levels of other enzymes were: ICD 39 and 38-7%; OCT 23-7 and 36-1%; AlT 30 and 33%; AsT 24-2 and 21-7%; ALP 10-4 and 5% respectively. Measurement of GGTP is thus more useful as a screening test for involvement of the liver in alcoholics and drug dependent patients than that of the other enzymes.
...
PMID:Serum enzyme levels in alcoholism and drug dependency. 23 23

The concept of tumor markers was reviewed, and the potential uses of markers of central nervous system (CNS) tumors and methods for their evaluation were discussed. Markers examined included lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, the polyamines, desmosterol, and several other enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and immunologic markers. Data collated from the clinical studies surveyed showed isocitrate dehydrogenase, desmosterol, and the polyamines to have the greatest potential utility in the diagnosis of CNS tumors.
...
PMID:Biochemical markers of central nervous system tumors measured in cerebrospinal fluid and their potential use in diagnosis and patient management: a review. 38 10

The hepatocyte and haematopoietic cell contents of the liver of the foetal guinea pig were measured over the latter half of gestation. Hepatocytes represented about 30% of liver volume at mid-gestation and this increased to 70-80% by term; cell volume remained fairly constant until 5-7 days before term, then more than doubled. Haematopoietic cells represented about 5% of liver volume at mid-gestation and this progressively fell to <1% by term. At 75% of gestation hepatocytes and haematopoietic cells were prepared from perfused foetal livers by collagenase digestion. Enzyme activity of the hepatocyte was, without exception, similar to that of the whole liver. In general, enzyme activity in the haematopoietic cells was similar to that in erythrocytes, with relatively low values for aldolase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ;malic' enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. The haematopoietic cell contribution to total enzyme activity in the foetal liver was usually much less than 10% and could thus not account for the major changes in hepatic enzyme activity over the latter half of gestation. Hepatocytes contained hexokinase isoenzymes I and III, aldolase isoenzymes A and B and pyruvate kinase isoenzymes 1, 2 and 4. The haematopoietic cells contained hexokinase isoenzyme I and two additional bands of activity with slightly greater mobility, aldolase isoenzyme A and pyruvate kinase isoenzymes 2 and 4.
...
PMID:The distribution of enzyme and isoenzyme activities between parenchymal and haematopoietic cells in the liver of the foetal guinea pig. 43 88

A pattern of results is reported which was found to be common among patients who had intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) which was rarely found in patients with other hepatic conditions. The pattern was recognized from over 1000 cases suspected of hepatobiliary disease. 29 were diagnosed with IHC, and excluding 4, 25 revealed the following etiological pattern: chlorpromazine (12 patients); pregnancy and oral contraceptive use (8); and other (5). As opposed to patients with acute and chronic hepatic disease, IHC sufferers had relatively normal values for immunoglobulins and antibody titers. A disproportionate elevation of serum bilirubin vis-a-vis serum enzymatic activities separated potential IHC cases into intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. The following factorial evaluations were useful in distinguishing hepatic disease states: 1) when the sum of the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, aspartate and alanine amiotransferases, and isocitrate dehydrogenase was divided by the serum bilirubin concentration, there was good resolution of the distinction between patients with IHC and those with primary biliary cirrhosis, early and late viral hepatitis, cholelithiasis, and pancreatic and bile duct cancers. 2) Resolution was also achieved when the numerator included alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, and aspartate aminotransferase, but not when alkaline phosphatase alone, or alkaline phosphatase combined with 5'-nucleotidase, was used. The essential lesion in IHC is an excretory defect.
...
PMID:Biochemical features of intrahepatic cholestasis. 45 73

Rice culture of a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus ochraceus was fed at a concentration of 25% to weanling pigs for 10 days. The clinicopathological abnormalities reflected renal damage. Activities of lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were increased in the urine but not in the serum. Serum concentrations of urea nitrogen and creatinine were high. Cellular and granular casts, blood, protein, and glucose were in the urine of pigs fed toxic diet. Serum concentrations of K+, Na+ and Cl- were unchanged, but concentrations of these electrolytes were reduced in the urine.
...
PMID:Mycotoxicosis produced in swine by cultural products of an isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus. II. Clinicopathologic changes. 50 95

In rats, shortly after ligation of superior mesenteric artery serum enzyme activities are found significantly altered. Those changes concern aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), lipase, alpha amylase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase as well as glutamate dehydrogenase. The causes are discussed. The authors emphasize that the assessment of serum enzymes possibly gives some help in diagnosing acute intestinal ischemias in early stages.
...
PMID:[Behavior of various serum enzymes following ligation of the superior mesenteric artery in the rat (preliminary report)]. 60 23

Glutamate-auxotrophic mutants lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PC), citrate synthase (CS) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GD), an aspartate auxotroph lacking aspartate aminotransferase (TA), and a glutamate-aspartate double auxotroph lacking both aconitase (AH) and TA were obtained from Brevibacterium flavum No. 2247, a glutamate-producing bacterium. Prototrophic revertants further derived from the CS- and GD-lacking auxotrophs concomitantly recovered the enzyme activities that their parents had lost. These results indicate involvement of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and GD in glutamate biosynthesis, that of PC in the biosynthesis of the TCA cycle intermediates and that of TA in aspartate biosynthesis. The CS-deficient mutants accumulated large amounts of acetate and small amounts of pyruvate, aspartate and alanine, while the GD-deficient strains accumulated large amounts of 2-oxo-glutarate and small amounts of citrate. Synthesis of PC was repressed by either glutamate or aspartate and those of CS and GD were repressed by glutamate, whereas those of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PD), AH, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were not affected significantly by glutamate; that of TA was also not affected by aspartate or by glutamate. The specific activities of PD and AH gave peaks during the cellular cultivation, related to the temporary accumulation of their substrates, pyruvate and citrate, respectively. These and previous results on the regulation of the enzymatic activities provide a definite regulatory mechanism for glutamate and aspartate syntheses.
...
PMID:Enzymes of the glutamate and aspartate synthetic pathways in a glutamate-producing bacterium, Brevibacterium flavum. 72 99

In order to assess the extent to which metabolism within the sheep placenta may influence the transfer of metabolites between mother and foetus at different stages of gestation the activities of enzymes concerned with some aspects of carbohydrate, amino acid and keton body metabolism were determined in placental cotyledons resected from ewes during the last three months of pregnancy. The activities of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), ATP citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.8), citrate (si)-synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) and 3-keto acid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5) per gram wet weight cotyledon do not change during the period studied. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.42), ornithine-oxoacid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) show an increase in activity between the third and fourth months of pregnancy whilst the activities of arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) and possibly pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) show an increase in activity between the fourth and final months of pregnancy. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity declines to one tenth of its activity during this later period. The absence of detectable activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) indicate that gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis from ammonia do not occur in the sheep placenta. It appears that the ability of the placenta to metabolise several substrates is achieved by the time the placenta reaches its maximum size at approximately 90 days.
...
PMID:Enzyme activities in the sheep placenta during the last three months of pregnancy. 84 73


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---