Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five infants with symptomatic cytomegalovirus infections and high urinary titers of cytomegalovirus were treated with interferon in doses of 1.7-3.5 X 10(5) reference units/kg per day for seven to 14 days. Six courses of treatment were given. One of two infants treated with the largest dose of interferon had transient suppression of viruria; no suppression was noted during the other five courses of treatment. Adverse effects noted included a low rate of weight gain, a transient elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and fever. Further trials are needed to determine whether larger doses of a more purified preparation of interferon will eliminate viruria in infants with sytomegalovirus infection, but careful assessment of toxicity will be necessary in this population of patients.
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PMID:Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus by infants. 18 Feb 1

Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (seven with chronic active hepatitis and one with chronic persistent hepatitis) were treated with daily intramuscular injections of human leucocyte interferon for periods of 5 to 8 weeks and in one case for 5 months. In one patient there was a marked fall in virus-associated DNA polymerase activity and in the number of DNA containing viral particles during each of two courses of interferon. Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) also disappeared, the aspartate transaminase levels fell and liver histology improved. In the four other patients with detectable DNA polymerase activity there was an early fall but this was transient and in one of these patients there was a continuing rise in activity despite treatment. One other patient became HBeAg negative but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titres were mostly unaffected by treatment. A marked decrease in T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity towards HBsAg coated target cells was demonstrated and raises the possibility that an immunosuppressant action of interferon may offsets its direct anti-viral action but may also account for the improvement in liver function which occurred in some patients.
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PMID:Effects of human leucocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus replication and immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. 50 26

Two patients with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis have been treated with human fibroblast interferon 10(7) units daily for two weeks. Before treatment, both patients had high levels of hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody, and DNA-binding antibody in the blood and one patient had a fourfold rise in serum AST. During treatment there was a striking fall in the core antibody titre and also in the DNA-binding antibody, which has been maintained for several months subsequently; in one patient the initially high AST level fell to normal. No significant adverse effects occurred, and these observations should encourage further trials of fibroblasts interferon in hepatitis B.
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PMID:Treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis with human fibroblast interferon. 63 32

Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I - poly C), an interferon inducer, was administered in multiple doses of 0.3-75 mg/m2 to 26 patients with a variety of solid tumors, 9 with acute leukemia, and 2 with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Forty-four separate drug trials were comprised of various schedules and routes of administration. Toxic reactions included fever (in 66% of the trials), transient elevation of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (25%), minimal laboratory evidence of coagulation abnormalities (59%), and hypersensitivity (5%). These toxic manifestations did not relate to dose level or magnitude of interferon induction. Poly I - poly C administered iv induced low serum concentrations of interferon in 24/38 trials (63%), but the correlation between drug dose and peak interferon titer was not linear. Poly I - poly C administered iv or im was not effective as an inducer of interferon in the cerebrospinal fluid. Similarly, poly I - poly C administered im or by inhalation did not produce detectable serum levels of interferon. No patients experienced an objective tumor response to the administration of poly I - poly C, and most (76%) had progression of their disease while receiving the drug.
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PMID:A phase I-II trial of multiple-dose polyriboinosic-polyribocytidylic acid in patieonts with leukemia or solid tumors. 97 71

Twenty-one patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 150 micrograms/m2 intravenously on days 1-5 every 2 weeks for four cycles and then every 3 weeks. Recombinant TNF produced no meaningful palliation. One patient (5%) attained an objective response of nodal, but not visceral, disease, which lasted 3 weeks. The median time to progression was 4 weeks. The median survival was 7.7 months. Ninety percent of patients developed mild to severe cytokine "flu." Ten percent developed significant hepatic toxicity (AST greater than 3 times normal). As a single agent, recombinant TNF is not likely to palliate disseminated malignant melanoma. However, combinations of recombinant TNF and cytotoxic or immune modulatory agents, particularly gamma interferon, may merit further investigation.
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PMID:Phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in disseminated malignant melanoma. 159 Feb 81

This paper discusses the progress of enzyme diagnosis by different examples. These include: the requirement for improved enzymological screening, despite the introduction of a test for hepatitis C; the imbalance between the popularity of "unexplained chronic aminotransferase elevations" and efforts to solve the inherent problems; the inadequate attempts to use the metabolic changes in the hepatocytes to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and pathophysiological understanding of viral liver diseases; the remarkable investigations into the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase for better control of interferon therapy in chronic viral hepatitis; the use of enzymes as markers of etiology, particularly for the detection of alcohol induced liver diseases; the continuing preference for the aminotransferases in this scenario although the ratios of aspartate aminotransferase over alanine aminotransferase, or of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase over total aspartate aminotransferase activity, largely depend on the severity and intralobular localization of damage and the stage of the liver disease.
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PMID:Progress in the enzyme diagnosis of liver disease: reality or illusion? 170 67

The biological response modifier 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine was evaluated in mice against the hepatotropic Adames strain of Punta Toro virus. When administered intraperitoneally in divided doses, significant protection from death was conferred at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day given 24 and 17 h pre-virus inoculation, 25-100 mg/kg/day administered 4 h pre- and 3 h post-virus challenge, and 12.5 to 100 mg/kg/day administered 24 and 31 h after virus inoculation. These doses preventing death reduced liver icterus scores, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and liver and serum virus titers relative to placebo controls. Full daily doses administered at 24 h were somewhat less protective to mice than divided daily doses starting at the same time. The initiation of treatment could be delayed as late as 36 h after virus inoculation, resulting in complete protection from mortality at 100 mg/kg/day. This prevention of death occurred despite the acute nature of the infection which resulted in deaths by 96 h in the placebo-treated controls. These results show that 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine has both prophylactic and therapeutic potential as an anti-Phlebovirus agent. Interferon induction appears to be the reason for antiviral activity in this model, since up to 10,000 units of interferon/ml were induced in mice 1 h after treatment with 100 mg 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine per kg, and antibody to interferon alpha/beta administered shortly after treatment with the nucleoside negated the antiviral effect.
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PMID:Prophylactic and therapeutic activities of 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine against Punta Toro virus infections in mice. 171 90

Eighteen patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis B and markers of ongoing viral replication were treated with interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) while 24 similar patients served as control group. Permanent termination of HBV replication and normalization of ALT and AST activity was seen in 7 (39%) treated patients and in only two (8%) controls (p less than 0.05). Adverse reactions were few and subsided with the termination of therapy. These results of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B seem encouraging.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)]. 184 9

To determine the effect of a recombinant alpha interferon 2b (Intron-A) and possible benefit of prednisolone pretreatment in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, 75 Chinese patients with clinico-histologically proven chronic hepatitis were randomly allocated to one of the following regimens: (A) 3 million units of Intron-A trice weekly for 6 months; (B) dose titration according to ALT-AST values; (C) prednisolone withdrawal followed by regimen A; (D) control group: no treatment for 6 months but followed by alternating treatment with 3 million units of Intron-A trice weekly for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks no treatment for 6 months. Up to September 30, 1990, 67 patients have been followed for a minimum of 2 months. At the end of the second month, complete response (normal ALT) was achieved in 71% of group A, 50% of group B, 50% of group C and 0% of group D. At the end of the 6th month, the complete response rate was 62%, 47% and 64% respectively in groups A, B and C. The response rates in groups A and C were significantly better than the 7% in the control group. Complete response usually (91%) occurred within 2 months after the first dose of interferon. Relapse occurred in 40% of the complete responders, usually within 2 months of the last dose. The cumulative relapse rate was significantly lower in responders of group C (11% vs 43% in group A and 86% in group B during a period of 6 months). Only mild adverse effects were reported though two patients withdrew because of intolerable fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prednisolone withdrawal followed by recombinant alfa-interferon in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: interim results of a randomized controlled trial. 190 74

Several randomised controlled trials have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-interferon in the therapy of chronic hepatitis B. In patients with HBe antigen-positive disease acquired in adult life the response rates vary from 25-50%. In those infected at birth, response rates are lower. Twenty-one pretreatment variables were assessed for their significance in response prediction using data from 114 patients given alpha-interferon for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In those patients who had received a minimum of 90 million units per m2 total dose over 12 weeks, a negative anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody status (p less than 0.001), chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy (p less than 0.005), high AST level (p less than 0.001), low hepatitis B virus DNA level (p less than 0.001) and a history of acute hepatitis (p less than 0.005) were all associated with an increased likelihood of response on univariate analysis. On stepwise logistic regression analysis, hepatitis B virus DNA, AST and a history of acute hepatitis predicted response independently (p less than 0.05). The most reliable combination of predictive factors was a negative anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody status, with either a positive history of acute icteric hepatitis and AST greater than 45 IU per liter or no history of acute icteric hepatitis and AST greater than 85 IU per liter, which predicted response in 77% with a specificity of 79% (p less than 0.001). The loss of HBsAg in addition to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA was more likely to occur in patients with chronic infection of less than 2 years duration (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Treatment of hepatitis B virus infection with interferon. Factors predicting response to interferon. 196 Mar 78


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