Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One intraperitoneal dose of Candida albicans (10(8) CFU) caused a chronic (longer than 2 months), significant elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels (Clauss method) in mice of strain C3H/HeN. Even a small dose (10(6) CFU) resulted in a significant increase in fibrinogen level for 5 days following injection, whereas other blood parameters (leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, antithrombin III, glucose, calcium, and total protein) measured by standard methods were normal. Blood taken during this period was negative for C. albicans. The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in C. albicans infections was investigated by measuring the fibrinogen response after the administration of C. albicans or recombinant mouse TNF-alpha. Both challenges resulted in an elevated fibrinogen level. When polyclonal antibodies to mouse TNF-alpha were given prior to challenge with C. albicans or mouse TNF-alpha, the fibrinogen increase was significantly inhibited. C. albicans injections were found to significantly elevate endogenous TNF levels in mice (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It was concluded that C. albicans induces TNF in the mouse. Furthermore, these data give evidence which supports a relationship between TNF and the fibrinogen increase induced by C. albicans.
...
PMID:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is induced in mice by Candida albicans: role of TNF in fibrinogen increase. 220 37

The present experiments were designed to study the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on endotoxin toxicity. The intravenous injection of endotoxin produced a more pronounced increase of serum AST and ALT activities in chronic ethanol-fed rats, when compared to controls. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, were also distinctly decreased by endotoxin treatment in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Consistent with these biochemical alterations, light and electron microscopic examinations revealed severe liver injury after endotoxin injection in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Furthermore, the increase of blood BUN and creatinine levels accompanied by the degeneration of the renal tubulus and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the glomerule were produced by endotoxin treatment and were more conspicuous in chronic ethanol-fed rats than controls. Therefore, the biochemical and histological evidence indicates that endotoxin markedly potentiates organ injury after chronic ethanol consumption. In addition, a more pronounced decrease in blood antithrombin III activity accompanied by an increase in fibrin degradation product level in blood was recognized in chronic ethanol-fed rats receiving endotoxin, when compared to controls receiving endotoxin. This increase of blood fibrin degradation product level correlated well with the decrease of antithrombin III activity (r = -0.6116; p less than 0.005). These findings of blood antithrombin III activity and fibrin degradation product level indicate that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system is more activated by endotoxin treatment after chronic ethanol consumption. Furthermore, the activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was well correlated with biochemical and histological alterations representing hepatorenal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Endotoxin-induced hypercoagulability: a possible aggravating factor of alcoholic liver disease. 254 Oct 59

One hundred and thirty-one patients underwent clinical and biological investigation with the following determinations performed on the same day; presence or absence of ascites, icterus and/or encephalopathy, coagulation study, biochemical determinations including albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins immunoassays. The principal component analysis of biological data showed two sets of highly representative and inversely correlated data; one included coagulation tests, albumin and transferrin, and the other included immunoglobulin A/transferrin ratio, immunoglobulin A and total bilirubin. Clinical and biological data were computed using discriminant analysis between dead and survivors. Six parameters were then selected (total bilirubin, encephalopathy, factor V, AST, antithrombin III and transferrin) giving a correct prognosis in 81.6% (31/38) of cases in a test sample. Neither ascites nor immunoglobulins were useful for the estimation of the prognosis.
...
PMID:Multivariate analysis of clinical and biological data in cirrhotic patients: application to prognosis. 679 41

In order to determine whether lidocaine metabolism, as the formation of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), could be used as a quantitative index of perioperative liver function, serum levels of MEGX in 31 surgical patients were measured and compared with the results of conventional liver function tests. A significant correlation was found between the values of MEGX and ICGR15 in 20 of the 31 patients. The values of ICGR15 were lower than 20% in patients whose MEGX values were above 60 ng/ml and 20% or higher in those with MEGX values of lower than 60 ng/ml. There was also a significant correlation between MEGX values and antithrombin III values, and between MEGX values and the postoperative maximum levels of aspartate aminotransferase. However, no correlation was found between MEGX values and other preoperative conventional liver function tests in any of the 31 patients. We suggest that a cut-off MEGX value of 60 ng/ml be used as an indicator for satisfactory preoperative liver function. MEGX formation could be a useful prognostic index for patients who have undergone surgical procedures for liver disease, and employed as a quantitative assessment of perioperative liver function.
...
PMID:Lidocaine metabolite formation as a measure of perioperative liver function. 831 85

In Italy, although a national decree (DPCM of 10/2/84) established that quality control programs involving clinical laboratories should be carried out on a regional basis, external quality assessment schemes (EQAS) are actually run only in some regions. Among these is Lombardy, where an EQAS in clinical chemistry concerning 20 analytes was set up in 1986, and where at present EQA programs (for clinical chemistry, haematology and coagulation) compulsory for both private and public laboratories, are under way. This was made possible by both regional laws and the constant care shown by the regional Committee on pathology department system (Comitato Regionale per l'Ordinamento dei Servizi di Patologia, CROSP). The participation in the schemes (including control material supply) is free of charge. The identity of participants is known only to officers in charge of quality control and analytical results are therefore managed anonymously. Consequently EQAS carried out in Lombardy are not exacting or punitive. In the EQAS for clinical chemistry the following analytes are considered: glucose, urea, proteins, albumin, chloride, sodium, potassium, total calcium, inorganic phosphate, iron, urate, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, gamma glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase. In the EQAS for haematology and coagulation the tests are: a) leukocytes, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell (erythrocyte) volume, platelets; b) prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and antithrombin III. The general organization of the schemes, the statistical procedures adopted for the analysis of data, and some of the results obtained in the three EQA programs are reported in detail in the present article.
...
PMID:External quality assessment programs in Lombardy, Italy. 854 65

In a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial in 1,968 inpatients 1 daily subcutaneous administration of LMW heparin plus 2 placebo injections or 3 x 5,000 IU unfractionated (UF) heparin was given for 10 (8-11) days. The primary end point was the incidence of proximal deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Patients were assessed during the study period for development of proximal deep-vein thrombosis by compression sonography at days 1 and 10 and for pulmonary embolism by scintigraphy in symptomatic patients. Aim of the study was to demonstrate the equivalence of both treatment regimens. A total of 1,968 patients were randomized to receive UF or LMW heparin. Of these, 378 patients were excluded during the study period, so that 780 patients on UF and 810 on LMW heparin were included in the efficacy analysis. Four primary end points were observed with UF and 6 with LMW heparin, demonstrating the equivalence of treatments (p = 0.012). Additionally, pulmonary embolism was suspected as the cause of death in 6 patients who died during the study (3 per treatment group). A higher frequency of death (n = 32) was observed in the LMW-heparin group (p = 0.02) particularly documented in a part of the centers. Safety analysis showed a higher frequency of local pruritus, local erythema and subcutaneous hematoma, a higher increase in plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and a decrease of antithrombin III in patients receiving UF heparin. A decrease in platelet count (values ranging between 40,000 and 80,000/microliter) was observed in 4 patients with UF and in none with LMW heparin. No severe thrombocytopenia was observed. Subcutaneous LMW heparin is as effective as UF heparin for prophylaxis of thromboembolism in bedridden, hospitalized medical patients.
...
PMID:Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin versus standard heparin and the prevention of thromboembolism in medical inpatients. The Heparin Study in Internal Medicine Group. 873 87

Gastric mucosal pH reflects splanchnic perfusion. Monitoring gastric mucosal pH might be useful in predicting outcome after liver transplantation. Forty patients were included in the study. Gastric mucosal pH and gastric mucosal pH corrected for systemic pH were compared with regard to initial liver function and morbidity. Eighty percent of the patients had at least one episode with a gastric mucosal pH of <7.32, and 84% of these had a concomitant arterial pH of <7.32. No differences in morbidity were found between patients with a gastric mucosal pH of <7.32 and those with a gastric mucosal pH of >7.32. If gastric mucosal pH was corrected for arterial pH, only 49% of the patients had an episode during transplantation with a corrected gastric mucosal pH of <7.32. Comparing these patients with the group that did not have such an episode, we found that flow in the venovenous bypass system was significantly lower (2.9 v 3.4 L/min; P < .02) in the first group. Also alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher, antithrombin III levels and lidocaine clearance rates were lower, and prothrombin times were longer in the group with corrected gastric mucosal pH of <7.32. No differences with regard to major morbidity and mortality were noted. Gastric mucosal pH during liver transplantation should be corrected for arterial pH. Patients with a corrected gastric mucosal pH of <7.32 are more likely to develop initial liver function tests disturbances, but morbidity is not different from patients with gastric mucosal pH of >7.32.
...
PMID:Gastric mucosal pH is associated with initial graft function but is not a predictor of major morbidity after liver transplantation. 940 62

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of normothermic liver ischemia with different degrees of hepatic function in cirrhotic rats. Liver cirrhosis was induced by administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in water solution to male Wistar rats. Hepatic function was graded using the plasma levels of antithrombin III, albumin, and bilirubin and the presence of ascites. Rats were distributed in four groups: noncirrhotic (control group), compensated cirrhosis (group A), decompensated cirrhosis (group B), and decompensated cirrhosis with ascites (group C). Groups A, B, and C were significantly different in all four parameters studied (P < .003). Subtotal liver ischemia was performed for periods of 0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes. At the end of the procedure, the nonischemic lobes were resected. Postoperative evolution of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin levels was also recorded. Survival rates after the same periods of ischemia were statistically different (P < .05): control group, 7 of 7 after 45 minutes (100%), 7 of 7 after 60 minutes (100%), and 4 of 9 after 75 minutes (44%); group A, 7 of 7 after 45 minutes (100%) and 1 of 7 after 60 minutes (14%); group B, 7 of 7 after 0 minutes (100%), 5 of 7 after 30 minutes (71%), and 1 of 7 after 45 minutes (14%); and group C, 0 of 5 after 0 minutes (0%) and 1 of 7 after 30 minutes (14%). No differences were found in the postoperative course of transaminases. However, bilirubin levels found 24 hours and 7 days after ischemia were significantly greater in cirrhotic rats, and this was directly related to the degree of hepatic insufficiency (P < .001). Histological examination of the livers exposed to CCl4 showed features of liver cirrhosis with ductal proliferation. The ischemia time tolerated by cirrhotic rat livers is shorter than the time tolerated by normal rats. Tolerance to hilar vascular occlusion depends on the degree of hepatic insufficiency. Rats with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites do not tolerate any surgical procedure.
...
PMID:Vascular occlusion in hepatic resections in cirrhotic rat livers: an experimental study in rats. 940 63

In this study, we evaluated the role of proteolytic enzymes belonging to the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and plasma contact systems in the early postoperative phase after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Twenty-nine patients were studied at the time of OLT and during the first 2 postoperative weeks. Blood samples were collected daily after OLT and analyzed for kallikrein-like activity (KK), functional kallikrein inhibition (KKI), plasmin-like activity (PL), and alpha2-antiplasmin (AP). In addition, prekallikrein (PKK), prothrombin (PTH), antithrombin III (AT III), plasminogen (PLG), prothrombin/antithrombin III complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), and plasmin/alpha2-antiplasmin complexes (PAP) were measured. Nineteen patients experienced biopsy-verified acute rejections (AR) and ten patients had uneventful courses and served as controls. Plasma analyses showed that the contact, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems were activated during OLT. Following OLT, continuous thrombin and plasmin generation was observed, and these effects were more pronounced in the group having an uneventful course than in patients with AR. Factors that could possibly affect plasma proteolytic activity, such as blood product usage during and after OLT and cold ischemia time of the liver graft, did not differ between the groups, nor did the routine liver function tests, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).
...
PMID:Plasma proteolytic activity in liver transplant rejection. 1036 91

A 36-year-old woman underwent emergency caesarean section following the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome. Four years earlier, after having undergone the same procedure for HELLP syndrome, she had experienced hypovolemic shock, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy during the postoperative period. This time, the patient showed bleeding, elevation of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH) and a reduction of antithrombin III activity in the 36th week of pregnancy. Anesthesia was induced by thiamylal 4 mg.kg-1 and suxamethonium 1 mg.kg-1 and after delivery maintained by oxygen-nitrous oxide-isoflurane, and all procedures were performed without any incident. No major complications such as intraperitoneal bleeding, renal failure, or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy occurred during the postoperative period. It is suggested that caesarean section should be carried out as soon as possible after the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome is confirmed.
...
PMID:[Caesarean section in a patient with a history of HELLP syndrome]. 1048 22


1 2 3 Next >>

---