Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To further assess the molar ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids as a measure of disease activity, we correlated results of this test with histologic features of inflammation, standard biochemical tests, and prognosis in 68 patients with severe chronic active hepatitis. An abnormal molar ratio (less than 3.0) reflected histologic findings of chronic active hepatitis in 26 of 35 instances. A normal molar ratio (greater than or equal to 3.0), however, was associated with histologic features of chronic active hepatitis in nine of 14 instances. Molar ratio abnormalities occurred more frequently in patients with cirrhosis than without cirrhosis (95% vs 45%, P less than 0.01). Only one of 20 patients with cirrhosis had a normal ratio, and none of 12 followed serially during therapy improved the ratio to normal. No correlation was seen between the molar ratio and severity of inflammation or serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin, and gamma globulin. When corticosteroids were discontinued, relapse occurred as frequently in patients with a normal molar ratio as in others (80% vs 71%), and the presence of an abnormal ratio did not preclude a sustained remission after treatment. We conclude that the plasma molar ratio does not reflect histologic activity, correlate with standard liver function tests, or indicate disease behavior after treatment withdrawal. A normal molar ratio during or after treatment, however, may exclude cirrhosis.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic implications of plasma amino acid determinations in chronic active hepatitis. 402 12

The effects of diseases of the liver, the thyroid, and the kidneys on the retinol-binding protein (RBP)-prealbumin (PA) system responsible for the transport of vitamin A in plasma were examined, using a radial gel diffusion immunoassay for PA and the previously described radioimmunoassay for RBP. Measurements were made on plasma samples from 118 normal subjects, 31 patients with cirrhosis, 5 with chronic active hepatitis, 27 with acute viral hepatitis, 14 patients with hyperthyroidism, 7 with hypothyroidism, and 26 patients with chronic renal disease of varying etiologies. In the patients with liver disease, the levels of vitamin A, RBP, and PA were all markedly decreased and were highly significantly correlated over a wide range of concentrations. Serial samples were available in 19 patients with acute hepatitis; as the disease improved the plasma concentrations of vitamin A, RBP, and PA all increased. In patients with acute hepatitis RBP concentrations correlated negatively with the levels of plasma bilirubin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. In the hyperthyroid patients both RBP and PA concentrations were significantly lower than normal; in hypothyroidism, neither protein showed levels significantly different from normal. In both hyper- and hypothyroidism and in liver disease, the molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were not significantly different from normal.Patients with chronic renal disease had marked abnormalities in the plasma concentrations of RBP and vitamin A and in the molar ratios examined. In renal disease the levels of both RBP and vitamin A were greatly elevated, while the PA levels remained normal. The molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were both markedly elevated. In many patients RBP was present in molar excess as compared with PA. The presence of a relatively large proportion of free RBP, not complexed to PA, in some patients with chronic renal disease was confirmed by gel filtration. The free RBP, present in molar excess, was capable of forming a complex with additional purified PA added to the plasma. The kidneys appear to play an important role in the normal metabolism of RBP.
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PMID:The effects of diseases of the liver, thyroid, and kidneys on the transport of vitamin A in human plasma. 509 25

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured in 133 biopsy-proven patients with various liver diseases. The correlation between CIC levels and other laboratory findings was investigated in each disease group, in order to assess if the increased C1q-binding activity found in these patients was related to particular features of the disease. CIC levels were not significantly different in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients. No correlation was found between CIC levels and serum bilirubin, AST, ALT and C3 levels. A negative correlation with C4 levels and a positive correlation with immunoglobulin levels were found in the majority of the patients, while prothrombin time and albumin levels were negatively correlated to CIC levels only in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Increased CIC levels could represent a response to gut-associated antigens, a passive accumulation due to reduced hepatic function or both.
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PMID:Significance of circulating C1q-binding activity in chronic liver disease: a study of 133 cases. 633 89

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 1154 patients with biopsy-proven CAH observed in 12 Italian referral liver units. The data obtained at the time of hospitalization were recorded and computerized. The data were analyzed for the presence or absence of HBsAg, sex, classes of age and three different degrees of the histological severity of CAH (mild, severe, with cirrhosis). HBsAg was present in 700 patients (61%). As compared with HBsAg negative patients HBsAg positive patients were younger, showed higher values of aminotransferases, were more frequent males and less frequently showed histological evidence of cirrhosis and associated diseases (diabetes, peptic ulcer and biliary stones). Patients younger than 15 years showed higher AST and lower gammaglobulins levels than patients in other age classes. Moreover, both in HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative CAH, patients with cirrhosis were older than patients without histological evidence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in Italy: a multicentric study on clinical and laboratory data of 1154 cases. A report from the study group for CAH of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 662 2

A training program was started in nine patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission while receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The patients were examined before and after a training period of 4-5 weeks and 10-12 weeks, respectively. The calculated oxygen consumption increased by 19% and 29%, and the estimated work load capacity improved. No change occurred in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, serum bilirubin, or prealbumin, whereas creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly. The clinical condition did not worsen in any patient, and most of the patients felt that their physical performance capacity had improved. We conclude that long-term regular physical training is well tolerated by patients with chronic active hepatitis in clinical remission and that training leads to improvement in the oxygen consumption and the estimated work load capacity in such patients.
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PMID:Improvement of physical capacity after long-term training in patients with chronic active hepatitis. 667 79

In chronic active hepatitis (CAH) evidence exists that circulating autoantibodies against liver specific lipoprotein (LSP) could play a role in the development of hepatocellular injury. We evaluated the presence of autoantibodies in CAH against LSP using rabbit LSP, as antigen in a radioimmunoprecipitation test. Fifty-one patients with histologically diagnosed CAH were investigated. Among these 16 were HBsAg+, 15 were HBsAg-/anti-HBc+, 10 were non-A, non-B, 10 were autoimmune CAH. Anti-LSP were detected in six of 16 (37%) HBsAg+ (mean titre of 1:198); four of 15 (33%) HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ (mean titre of 1:246); two of 10 (20%) non-A, non-B (mean titre of 1:185); seven of 10 (70%) autoimmune CAH (mean titre of 1:307). No correlation was evident between the titre of anti-LSP and the values of AST, bilirubin or IgG. The findings seem to be consistent with the following conclusions: (a) CAH patients develop an humoral immune response to determinants in LSP which are not species specific. This is further evidence that rabbit LSP could be considered a suitable alternative to the human preparation in evaluation of autoimmunity in CAH and (b) the different behaviour of anti-LSP in patients with viral CAH (B, non-A, non-B) in respect of patients with autoimmune CAH suggests a variable importance of these antibodies in the mechanism of ongoing liver cell injury according to the various types of CAH.
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PMID:Incidence of antibodies against rabbit liver specific lipoprotein (RLSP) in chronic active hepatitis. 686 79

Extreme elevation of the serum aspartate aminotransferase level typically suggests acute hepatocellular necrosis and may militate against the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis. However, we found that 26 of 160 patients (16%) with chronic active hepatitis had aminotransferase elevations of more than 1,000 IU/liter. These patients were younger and more often jaundiced than the others, but they exhibited signs of chronic liver disease as often. In only 2 of 26 patients with extreme aminotransferase abnormality were features of chronic disease absent. Patients with extreme enzyme elevation had histologic findings of confluent necrosis (P greater than 0.005) and features associated with acute viral infection (P greater than 0.005) more often than others, but they as often had cirrhosis on biopsy specimens. Virologic markers did not distinguish the patients or correlate with viral features in liver tissue. Corticosteroids improved immediate survival (P greater than 0.005) and the likelihood of remission (P greater than 0.005). Although chronic active hepatitis may present with extreme aminotransferase elevation and histologic features associated with acute viral infection, ancillary features of chronic disease facilitate the correct diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extreme serum aminotransferase elevation in chronic active hepatitis. 704 6

Serum glycocholic acid (SGC) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 277 samples from 122 children with hepatobiliary disorders and from 23 healthy age-matched controls. In patients with hepatobiliary disease the SGC was more frequently abnormal (83%) than values for serum albumin (7%), prothrombin time (17%), bilirubin (22%), alkaline phosphatase (45%), aspartate transaminase (57%) and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (63%). The cumulative frequency of abnormality of these six tests was equal to that of SGC alone. Serum glycocholic acid concentrations were raised in 13 patients in whom all other tests of liver function were normal. Two of these had clinical and histological evidence of liver disease, while four had biopsy-proven hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, and two of three with chronic active hepatitis in remission subsequently relapsed. Four patients have as yet, no other clinical or biochemical evidence of continuing liver disease. Serum glycocholic acid was normal in seven children with abnormal aspartate transaminase or gammaglutamyl transpeptidase in whom there is strong suspicion of significant hepatic disease. A wide range of values of SGC was found with marked overlap between the values found in the different disease entities studied. The SGC value was related to the serum concentration of aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase but not to other tests of liver function. Serum glycocholic acid concentration was considered in relation to the severity of histological abnormality in 25 percutaneous liver biopsies. The extent of the rise in SGC was related to the presence or degree of histological severity of oedema in the portal tracts, disruption of the limiting plate, parenchymal fibrosis and hepatocellular necrosis but not to other histological features. The very high incidence of abnormal SGC values found in this study does suggest that in an ordinary inpatient and outpatient service SGC determination is a practical and sensitive indicator of the presence of significant liver disease but for its comprehensive identification aspartate transaminase and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase must also be determined.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of serum glycocholic acid, standard laboratory tests of liver function and liver biopsy findings: comparative study of children with liver disease. 711 20

Four cases of chronic active hepatitis with cholestasis resembling primary biliary cirrhosis are reported. Two patients were women and two were men; their age ranged from 18 to 52 years. They had recurrent jaundice with pruritus, and, in two cases, xanthelasma or xanthomas. All patients had hyperbilirubinemia, a moderate increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and immunoglobulins G levels. Hepatitis B surface antigen was present in one patient. Histological examination of the liver revealed active chronic hepatitis with cholestasis. Moderate doses of prednisone had no effect on clinical or biochemical signs in any of the patients.
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PMID:[Ineffectiveness of corticosteroids in cholestatic forms of chronic active hepatitis]. 718 71

Hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity, hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg), and serum aspartate aminotransferase were followed in 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis while immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone +/- azathioprine) was being withdrawn. In every case, DNA polymerase activity fell within 6-10 wk of decreasing treatment and became undetectable in 8 patients. This was usually accompanied by a fall in HbsAg titer and a transient rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity. Four additional patients with previously untreated HbsAg positive chronic active hepatitis were placed on prednisone for 12 wk. There was a rise in DNA polymerase activity and HBsAg titer with a fall in serum aspartate aminotransferase values during treatment. Upon discontinuing therapy, DNa polymerase activity fell dramatically in all 3 patients who completed their course of prednisone and became undetectable in 1. These findings suggest that immunosuppressive therapy has a potentiating effect on hepatitis B viral replication in patients with chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Effects of immunosuppressive therapy on viral markers in chronic active hepatitis B. 728 93


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