Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two new methods are developed for synthesis of conjugated antigens of o-aminoazotoluene-bovine serum albumin (o-AAT--BSA): (1) from the microsomal fraction of the guinea pig liver which contains the cytochrome-P-450-dependent monooxygenase enzymic system and (2) from the m-chloroperbenzoic acid. A possible mechanism of the covalent binding of o-AAT with albumin under the effect of monooxigenases and of their chemical model is considered. Differences of antigenic determinants in conjugated antigens of o-AAT--BSA synthetized by the chemical and enzymic methods are detected.
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PMID:[Antibody formation to o-aminoazotoluene via the administration of conjugated antigens synthesized by enzymatic and chemical methods]. 391 Apr 3

Selenium deficiency has been implicated as a cause of hepatic injury, possibly from accentuated lipoperoxidation due to decreased activity of the selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase. Because of possible clinical and biochemical links between selenium and alcohol, we performed nutritional assessment and assayed red blood cell, plasma, and whole blood selenium by spectrofluorometry in 27 normals (group I), 30 asymptomatic alcoholics on admission to a detoxification unit, (group II) and 16 alcoholics with severe liver disease (group III). We found a mean (+/- SD) whole blood selenium of 0.109 micrograms/ml +/- 0.014 for group I vs 0.076 +/- 0.010 for group II (P less than 0.001), and 0.047 +/- 0.006 for group III (P less than 0.001 vs group I and II). For plasma, the mean (+/- SD) selenium was 0.095 micrograms/ml +/- 0.016 for group I versus 0.065 micrograms/ml +/- 0.012 in group II and 0.038 micrograms/ml +/- 0.007 in group III (All P less than 0.001). Calculated red blood selenium levels were also significantly reduced in alcoholics versus controls. Whole blood and plasma selenium correlated directly with serum albumin. For whole blood selenium versus albumin, r = 0.73 (P less than 0.01), and for plasma selenium versus albumin, r = 0.71 (P less than 0.01). A significant inverse correlation was noted between whole blood selenium and the height of the total serum bilirubin (r = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (r = -0.50), and AST (r = -0.51) (P less than 0.01 for all). Among alcoholics admitted for detoxification, selenium was diminished despite the absence of severe malnutrition, as determined by standard nutrition assessment parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low blood selenium levels in alcoholics with and without advanced liver disease. Correlations with clinical and nutritional status. 402 13

Liver damage in a woman who had taken an overdose of paracetamol and dextropropoxyphene was assessed by monitoring serum prealbumin concentrations and by routine plasma enzyme determinations. The plasma aspartate aminotransferase returned to normal levels after 3 days, alkaline phosphatase was slow to show increases in activity, and serum albumin concentration was in the normal range throughout. Prothrombin-time, although initially very high, returned almost to normal as a result of the administration of plasma. In contrast, serum prealbumin concentration decreased significantly after 36 h and continued to decrease, showing the course of failing liver function, until the patient's death 15 days after presentation. Prealbumin, a functional plasma protein synthesised in the liver, has a short half-life, is a true index of liver function, and seems to be a more reliable indicator of liver function in drug overdose than plasma enzymes, prothrombin-time, or plasma drug concentration.
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PMID:Prealbumin as an index of liver function after acute paracetamol poisoning. 610 95

Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the optimum combination of haematological and biochemical tests which gave the best discrimination between hospital patients with high and low alcohol intakes. We studied 265 patients with alcohol-related disease, 133 gastroenterology outpatients drinking less than 20 g of alcohol per day, and 104 patients with a variety of non-alcoholic liver disease. Values of mean cell volume (MCV), serum bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT), serum albumin, serum globulin, and uric acid were determined in each patient. The best discrimination between the three groups of patients was provided by a combination of mean corpuscular volume, log10 gamma GT, and log10 serum alkaline phosphatase. In women, 92% of the high alcohol group, 100% of the low alcohol group, and 87% of the non-alcoholic liver disease were correctly allocated by the discriminant analysis. The corresponding figures for the men were 80%, 100%, and 71%. Thus, over 80% of patients with excessive alcohol intake were correctly allocated by the use of three simple laboratory tests.
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PMID:Biochemical and haematological indicators of excessive alcohol consumption. 611 77

Plasma, whole blood, and red blood cell selenium levels were determined by spectrofluorometry in 30 patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion (group I) and 20 normal controls (group II). Nutritional and general medical evaluations were also performed. The mean plasma selenium level was 0.065 microgram/ml +/- 0.012 (SD) for group I versus 0.100 +/- 0.016 for group II (p less than 0.0001). Whole blood levels were 0.076 microgram/ml +/- 0.011 versus 0.114 +/- 0.015 (p less than 0.0001), and red blood cell levels were 0.092 microgram/ml +/- 0.016 compared with 0.130 +/- 0.025 (p less than 0.0001), respectively. Mean triceps skin fold was 8.2 mm +/- 3.5 for group I males versus 12.3 mm +/- 5.0 (p less than 0.005) for group II males but was not well correlated with whole blood selenium status (r = 0.33). Nutritional parameters of percentage of ideal body weight, midarm muscle circumference, serum albumin, and total lymphocyte count revealed no differences. Mildly elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase values occurred in 53% of alcoholics, but selenium levels in these patients were no different from those with normal liver tests. We conclude that depressed blood selenium levels occur frequently in patients with chronic heavy ethanol ingestion even in the absence of overt malnutrition. Since selenium deficiency can produce a spectrum of organ injury which resembles that associated with chronic alcoholism, the relationship of selenium deficiency to alcohol-induced organ injury deserves further study.
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PMID:Diminished blood selenium levels in alcoholics. 639 3

From this comparison of 37 black children with hepatic schistosomiasis (HS) and 53 with intestinal Schistosoma mansoni (IS) living in an endemic area, we propose easily identifiable clinical features of mild HS. These patients were generally well nourished school-age children who seldom complained of dysentery but who had a firm hepatomegaly with predominant enlargement of the left lobe and a firm splenomegaly. They were also mildly anaemic (9.4 +/- 2.2 g/dl) and had low serum albumin (30 +/- 7 g/l), raised aspartate transaminase (36 +/- 31 u/l) and high globulins (53 +/- 15 g/l). The implications of the absence of severe hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in many of these children are discussed.
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PMID:Clinical recognition of mild hepatic schistosomiasis in an endemic area. 671 May 66

Liver morphology and biochemistry were investigated in 61 morbidly obese subjects selected by defined criteria. Median overweight was 82 per cent (range 61 to 170 per cent), and median duration of overweight was 20 years (range two to 45 years). No patient had more than a moderate alcohol consumption and only one was diabetic. Four biopsies (7 per cent) showed normal liver tissue, while fatty change was the main diagnosis in most cases (85 per cent). Increasing degrees of fatty change was significantly (P less than 0.02) associated with presence of lipogranulomas (found in 54 per cent of the biopsies), focal necroses (found in 28 per cent), slight parenchymal inflammation (found in 33 per cent), and Kupffer cell proliferation (found in 49 per cent). Slight portal inflammation was seen in 23 per cent but portal fibrosis in only 2 per cent of the biopsies. No case of cirrhosis was registered. Patients with moderate or severe fatty change, lipogranulomas , focal necroses or with parenchymal inflammation were significantly more obese than patients without these changes (P less than 0.05). Even in absence of fatty change, obese subjects showed a markedly decreased serum albumin concentration and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.0001) compared with non-obese controls. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly raised only in patients with fatty change. With respect to serum bilirubin and plasma cholesterol concentrations no significant differences were detected between patient subgroups and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The liver in consecutive patients with morbid obesity: a clinical, morphological, and biochemical study. 672 92

The nutritional properties of protein bound epsilon-pyridoxyllysine residues in a phosphopyridoxyl bovine serum albumin (PP-BSA) preparation were examined by rat bioassay employing various levels of PP-BSA and pyridoxine (PN) fortification in the diets. Previous studies have shown that vitamin B-6 aldehydes can reductively bind to food proteins as epsilon-pyridoxyllysine complexes during processing and storage. The bound pyridoxyllysine was found to possess 50% molar vitamin B-6 activity, as indicated by slope ratios for rat growth, feed efficiency and liver pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration. The response curves indicated that high dosages of epsilon-pyridoxyllysine would fully satisfy the vitamin B-6 requirement. Direct antivitamin B-6 activity of epsilon-pyridoxyllysine was observed in diets containing low levels of PP-BSA. Classical rat acrodynia symptoms, depression of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) activity and elevation of in vitro coenzyme stimulation of AspAT were observed to be inversely related to PP-BSA concentration in the diet. The antivitamin B-6 effects were readily prevented by the presence of added 0.5--1.0 micrograms pyridoxing/g diet. In contrast to the previous study, the presence of PP-BSA in the diet did not inhibit the utilization of added PN. This difference was postulated to be due to a difference in vitamin B-6 concentration of the basal diets. The results of this study indicate that protein bound epsilon-pyridoxyllysine is nutritionally significant, presumably by its participation in the normal metabolism of vitamin B-6. The metabolic implications are discussed.
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PMID:Effects of epsilon-pyridoxyllysine bound to dietary protein on the vitamin B-6 status of rats. 676 60

A study of 16 haematological and 24 biochemical parameters in healthy, adult, male, volunteer Saudi blood donors was made, and enabled a preliminary determination of the reference values for these parameters to be made for Saudi Arabia. Statistically significant low means were observed for all the haematological parameters except the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration which was raised above Western levels and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin which was normal. A low total leucocyte count was seen to be due largely to a low neutrophil count, but accompanied by a raised lymphocyte count. The main biochemical differences were raised concentrations of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, conjugated bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, "liver" lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase. Decreased concentrations of serum globulin, unconjugated bilirubin and calcium were also found. These changes are discussed in relation to putative endemic disease, ethnic origins and environmental factors.
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PMID:A pilot study of the reference values for the commoner haematological and biochemical parameters in Saudi nationals. 706 20

Venous blood values were determined on 19 Southdown sheep (9 adult ewes and 10 wether lambs). Principal sheep were given 12.5 ml of 3.3M urea solution/kg of body weight, which produced acute ammonia toxicosis. Whole blood ammonium-nitrogen was determined by ion exchange; venous blood gases and pH were measured with a pH blood gas analyzer; and 23 serum chemical analyses were obtained with a sequential multiple autoanalyzer computer. Analysis of variance for the data revealed significant changes for 20 values. The values are presented and discussed with regard to those that changed beyond acceptable limits (whole blood ammonium-nitrogen, venous blood pH, serum glucose, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatine kinase, serum urea nitrogen, serum inorganic phosphorus, serum sodium, and serum potassium), those that changed within acceptable limits (PVo2, PVco2, serum triglycerides, serum free fatty acids, plasma volatile fatty acids, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio, serum uric acid, serum cholesterol, serum low-density lipoproteins, serum calcium, serum iron and serum chloride), and those with no change (total and direct serum bilirubin and albumin-globulin ratio). Metabolic consequences of ammonia toxicosis are considered with regard to energy, lipid , protein, and acid-base and electrolyte balances. Blood values having possible laboratory diagnosis value and considerations for therapeutic adjustment are discussed.
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PMID:Ovine blood chemistry values measured during ammonia toxicosis. 710 77


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