Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty six children suffering from Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) were classified according to the Wellcome classification. Their aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured. Aspartate aminotransferase was raised in 20 patients (43.5%) and alanine aminotransferase was raised in 12 patients (26%). Y-glutamyl transferase was raised in only one patient suffering from marasmic kwashiorkor, who, in contrast to the rest of the patients had a marked rise in aminotransferases. The aminotransferase elevation correlated positively with a Severity Index calculated from height and weight retardation and serum albumin levels. It is suggested that the moderate rise in aminotransferases found in PEM is not due to damage to the liver. However, marked enzyme elevations can occur in a small minority of patients, suggestive of liver injury, probably caused by hepatotoxins.
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PMID:Serum aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in protein energy malnutrition. 286 77

Controversial data concerning thyroid function in chronic alcoholics prompted us to evaluate some aspects of thyroxine transport and metabolism in these patients. We studied 45 patients with a history of alcohol consumption of at least 160 g a day for 10 years or more. Only patients without clinical and histopathological evidence of chronic liver disease have been included in the study. All patients were clinically euthyroid and there was no history of thyroid disease. Serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay methods within 48 hours of admission and after 30 day of alcohol abstinence. At admission the mean values of T4 and TBG in alcoholics were significantly reduced when compared to those of healthy controls (6.8 +/- 1.4 vs 8.4 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl; p less than 0.01 and 17.5 +/- 3.2 vs 20.5 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.01). Contrarily FT4 levels did not differ significantly between the groups (9.8 +/- 1.6 vs 10.8 +/- pg/ml). A close relationship between T4 and TBG (r = 0.684; p less than 0.0001) demonstrated that the decrease of T4 in alcoholics depended on a decrease in circulating TBG. We could not find any correlation between TBG and serum albumin, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and mean corpuscular volume. Indeed there was a strong relationship between TBG and mean daily alcoholic intake (r = 0.712; p less than 0.0001). T4 and TBG increase rapidly during withdrawal and after 30 days of abstinence their values did not differ significantly from those of healthy controls. In conclusion these data provide evidence that alcohol abuse causes a decrease in T4 which depends on a decrease in circulation TBG and is not associated with a reduction of FT4. Such "low TBG syndrome" seems to be due more probably to a primary effect of alcoholic on TBG synthesis that to the liver injury secondary to the alcohol abuse.
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PMID:[Low T4 syndrome in alcoholism: role of the decrease in TBG]. 287 25

Fourteen children with biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV-MN) were evaluated biochemically and serologically and compared to 45 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The mean ages of the two groups were similar (4.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.6 years). Serum albumin levels were similar in both groups, but serum cholesterol was significantly reduced in children with HBV-MN compared to INS. Serum C3 was also significantly depressed in children with HBV-MN compared to INS, but no differences in C4 levels were noted. Serum alanine transaminase as well as aspartate transaminase concentrations were significantly elevated in children with HBV-MN compared to those with INS, suggesting the presence of chronic hepatitis in children with HBV-MN. Hepatitis B surface and e antigens were present in serum of all children with HBV-MN, but only 54% had circulating HBV-DNA particles demonstrable in their serum. Serum C3 levels were higher in children with HBV-MN and circulating HBV-DNA, compared to those without circulating HBV-DNA. No other serological or biochemical differences occurred between these two groups. Glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 occurred in 91% of children with HBV-MN; but IgM deposition appeared to occur more frequently and with greater intensity in those children positive for circulating HBV-DNA. Antibody to delta antigen was negative in all children with HBV-MN. We conclude that biochemical and serological differences can be identified between HBV-MN and INS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biochemical and serological characteristics of children with membranous nephropathy due to hepatitis B virus infection: correlation with hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B DNA and hepatitis D. 304 Dec 94

Reversible endotoxic shock was induced in adult rats by i.v. injection of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (1.6 mg/100 g). The shock progression was evaluated by measuring serum glucose levels as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase in serum. A rapid increase of serum glucose levels occurs, after LPS injection, followed by hypoglycaemia (minimum values at 6 h) with progressive reversion to control values. Serum GOT activity increased (twofold) 6 h after endotoxin administration and returned to control values at 72 h. No appreciable changes occurred in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Endotoxaemia produced a decrease in the cytochrome P-450 levels in all target organs considered: lung, adrenal glands and liver. The progressive decrease in the serum albumin concentration as well as changes of the physical properties of the plasma membranes observed in vivo, can not be explained only by direct interaction of endotoxin with the target organs, underlining the importance of serum mediators in the induction of the shock response.
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PMID:Induction of reversible shock by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in rats. Changes in serum and cell membrane parameters. 306

In late 1983, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to evaluate persons at risk of exposure to three chemical waste sites by comparing clinical disease end points and clinical chemistry parameters with serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels. A total of 106 individuals participated in the study. The only statistically significant finding in regard to self-reported, physician-diagnosed health problems was a dose-response relationship between serum PCB levels and the occurrence of high blood pressure; however, this association failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.08) when we controlled for possible confounding effects of both age and smoking. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were also higher in the group with elevated serum PCBs; additionally, there were isolated statistically significant correlations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) with serum lipid fraction-adjusted PCB level (r = -0.21) and serum albumin (r = -0.24) and total bilirubin (r = 0.30) with serum PCB level. Although the ranges of serum levels reported herein from exposures to PCBs in the general environment are lower than those that have been associated with acute symptoms or illness in other studies, whether these levels are associated with long-term health risks is not known. Associations of such chronic, low-dose exposures with observable health effects as suggested by this study must be evaluated further before any final conclusions can be drawn.
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PMID:Evaluation of potential health effects associated with serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels. 310 24

The isolated perfused rabbit liver was used to determine how continuous hypothermic perfusion affected liver function. Rabbit livers were perfused for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hr at 5 degrees C with the UW perfusate containing hydroxyethyl starch (5 g%) dissolved in a solution containing gluconate (80 mM), adenosine (5 mM), glutathione (3 mM), phosphate (25 mM), and additives as described previously, and they were used successfully for kidney preservation. At the end of preservation the livers were perfused in an isolated circuit with a Krebs-Henseleit solution with addition of 4 g% bovine serum albumin and 10 mM glucose at 38 degrees C for 120 min. Bile was collected from the cannulated common duct. Biliary excretions of indocyanine green and liver enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, were determined both in the cold perfusate and the normothermic perfusate. Livers were also studied after pretreatment of the donor with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and/or methylprednisolone (MP). Bile production (ml/120 min, 100 g liver) upon reperfusion produced the most interesting data and decreased from a control value of 10.3 +/- 2.6 to 9.3 +/- 1.0 (24 hr), 5.3 +/- 0.7 (48 hr), and 4.1 +/- 1.5 (72 hr). Enzyme release was not predictive of the degree of preservation-induced damage. Pretreatment of rabbits with a combination of CPZ/MP improved bile flow at 48 and 72 hr (8.3 +/- 3.0 and 7.0 +/- 1.3, P less than 0.05). Pretreatment with either drug alone also improved function after 72 hr of preservation (7.1 +/- 1.8, CPZ; 8.2 +/- 3.5, MP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of chlorpromazine and methylprednisolone on perfusion preservation of rabbit livers. 319 35

Twenty-eight patients with biopsy or clinical acute alcoholic hepatitis were prospectively randomized to 21 days of conventional therapy (14 control patients) or, in addition, to 2 L/day of a peripheral iv infusion of a 900 mosmol amino acid-glucose solution (14 patients). Cirrhosis was present in 64% of controls and in 54% of infused patients. There were three deaths in controls and one in the infused group. There were no significant intergroup differences in mortality, clinical findings, liver tests, or functional mass by the galactose elimination capacity either at entry or after completion of the study. In controls, there was intragroup improvement in serum bilirubin (p = 0.033) and AST (p = 0.008) but not in other "liver tests" or in functional hepatic mass by galactose elimination capacity. In infused patients there was improvement in bilirubin (p = 0.001), AST (p = 0.008), and serum albumin (p = 0.016). Improvement in functional mass by galactose elimination capacity was significant at the p = 0.052 level. Hyaline was initially present in six of eight pairs of biopsies in both groups. After treatment, five of six pairs in controls but only one of six pairs in the infused group still had hyaline (p = 0.03). This latter finding, if confirmed in larger groups, may be of considerable clinical importance. It is suggested that 3- to 4-wk trials of such protocols may require a longer duration of follow-up in greater numbers of patients to detect important advantages of amino acid-glucose infusions which are only implicit in these findings.
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PMID:A prospective randomized clinical trial of peripheral amino acid-glucose supplementation in acute alcoholic hepatitis. 330 90

We evaluated the clinical features of 96 cases of amebic liver abscess and 48 of pyogenic hepatic abscess. Most patients with amebic abscess were young Hispanic males. Those with pyogenic abscess were older, without any ethnic predominance. Symptoms tended to be acute and localized to the right upper quadrant in amebic infection. In pyogenic disease, symptoms were often nonspecific and chronic in nature. A marked shift to the left of the leukocyte count occurred more frequently in pyogenic abscess, as did markedly abnormal values of the serum albumin, direct bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Sonography detected all cases of amebic abscess and missed the lesions in 2 of 39 patients with pyogenic abscess. Abscess cultures yielded pathogens in 90% of cases of pyogenic disease, while blood cultures were positive in 50%. Five of 20 patients with positive blood cultures had additional organisms isolated from the abscess that would have required adjustment of antibiotics for optimal coverage. We believe that all pyogenic abscesses should be aspirated to guide antibiotic therapy. In amebic abscess, the diagnosis was usually based on clinical and sonographic findings, aspiration being performed in only 14% of cases. Ninety-eight percent of patients were treated with amebicidal agents alone, and all responded to therapy. Therapeutic needle aspiration is rarely necessary. In pyogenic abscess, prolonged fever was common during medical therapy. Even in those eventually cured without surgery, the median time to defervescence was 8 days. Though 19 patients underwent surgical drainage, only 2 clearly did not benefit from medical treatment, having high fevers after more than 2 weeks on a regimen of appropriate antibiotics. Surgery is often performed prematurely because physicians expect fever to resolve quickly, but persistent fever of less than 2 weeks' duration should not constitute an indication for surgical drainage. Seven patients with pyogenic abscess died, 5 as a result of hepatic abscess. In 3 of these cases, the diagnosis was unsuspected till autopsy. Improved awareness of this disease may decrease morbidity and mortality from this treatable condition.
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PMID:A comparison of amebic and pyogenic abscess of the liver. 331 23

Rabbit livers were stored cold for periods of 6 or 24 hr and tested using the isolated perfused liver model. Five solutions were tested: Eurocollins (EC), Ross and Marshall's hypertonic citrate (HC), modified plasma protein fraction (Cambridge PPF), Ringer lactate, and the recently developed "University of Wisconsin" (UW) solution. After storage livers were perfused with an erythrocyte-free oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 4% bovine serum albumin at 38 degrees C for 2 hr. Bile production proved to be the most sensitive index of liver function for discriminating between the various storage solutions and the different preservation times. After 6 hr of cold storage, bile production was similar to control liver bile production (9.8 +/- 2.4 ml/2 hr/100 g) in livers stored in HC (8.8 +/- 2 ml), PPF (9.9 +/- 2.2 ml), and UW (10.3 +/- 1.9 ml); it was slightly depressed in EC (6.7 +/- 2.5 ml, P = 0.06), and markedly depressed in Ringer lactate (4.3 +/- 0.8 ml, P less than 0.05). After 24 hr of cold storage bile production in UW-stored livers was near normal (9.3 +/- 0.7 ml) but significantly depressed (3.5-6.2 ml) in all other solutions tested. Release of enzymes into the normothermic perfusate was also measured (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). In this small series the differences between cold storage solutions did not always reach statistical significance although the trend was for less enzyme release in livers stored in UW solution. This technique permits rapid assessment and refinement of new storage methods and new solutions for liver preservation prior to testing in a large animal transplant model. The results suggest that UW solution is superior to other preservation solutions and would permit successful 24-hr storage of livers.
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PMID:A comparison of cold storage solutions for hepatic preservation using the isolated perfused rabbit liver. 340 5

Clinical and laboratory features of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were evaluated prospectively. Human rotavirus (HRV) infection was documented in 35 infants (41%) by the Rotazyme test. Those with HRV gastroenteritis (HRV+ group) had a shorter duration of diarrhea prior to admission, more severe dehydration on presentation, and a longer hospital course than the HRV-negative (HRV-) group. Vomiting, fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, otitis media, and cough were present in equal numbers of infants in both groups. The HRV+ infants had lower serum bicarbonate and higher serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and uric acid concentrations than did the HRV- infants. Serum uric acid levels greater than 10 mg/dL (590 mumol/L) were present in 69% of HRV+ vs 29% of HRV- infants. The Rotazyme test was found to be a valuable tool in diagnosis; testing on two days increased the yield from 74% to 97% of all infants finally diagnosed as HRV+. The optimal time for testing was within the first five days of illness.
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PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Clinical and laboratory features and use of the Rotazyme test. 381 82


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