Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Melothria maderasptana and the leaves of Osbeckia octandra have been compared with (+)-3-cyanidanol with regard to their abilities to alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver dysfunction in albino rats by comparing the abilities of these drugs to protect the liver against CCl4-mediated alterations in the liver histopathology and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline amino-transferase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase. In both pretreatment and post-treatment (administration of drugs before or after CCl4 treatment) experiments, the most marked rate of recovery of the liver was exhibited by the group of rats treated with Melothria maderaspatana extract. Although the protection offered by (+)-3-cyanidanol and Osbeckia octandra appears to be comparable in post-treatment, Osbeckia was significantly more effective in pre-treatment. From the overall results obtained it appears that the aqueous extracts of Melothria maderaspatana and Osbeckia octandra are both as potent or in some instances (in pretreatment experiments) more potent than (+)-3-cyanidanol. Of the two plants tested under the present experimental conditions used, Melothria maderaspatana appears to be marginally more effective than Osbeckia octandra in protecting the liver against CCl4-induced alterations.
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PMID:An evaluation of the potency of Osbeckia octandra and Melothria maderaspantana as antihepatotoxic agents. 274 29

To better define the significance and mechanism of acetaldehyde-mediated transaminase inhibition, acetaldehyde metabolism was studied in rat liver homogenates and cytosols. When either preparation was incubated at 37 degrees with 1.5 mM acetaldehyde for 4 hr, acetaldehyde levels fell rapidly in the first 30 min and little inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) or alanine aminotransferase (GPT) resulted. In contrast, incubation with 50 mM ethanol also resulted in a peak acetaldehyde level of 1.0 to 1.5 mM by 2 hr, but this level was then maintained for the next 2 hr and transaminases were inhibited by 20-35%. Sequential addition of low dose (125-250 microM) pulses of acetaldehyde to rat liver preparations resulted in a progressive decrease in the rate of acetaldehyde disappearance. When the pulsing schedule was adjusted accordingly to maintain acetaldehyde levels between 50 and 250 microM for 8 hr, transaminases were again inhibited by 20-40%. Finally, addition of 1-5 mM pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, aldehydic B6 vitamers, to cytosols 2-4 hr after pulsing with acetaldehyde was begun, almost completely prevented further transaminase inhibition. In contrast, the non-aldehydic B6 vitamers, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, did not affect acetaldehyde-mediated transaminase inhibition. These findings suggest that (1) prolonged exposure to low levels of acetaldehyde impairs acetaldehyde metabolism in rat liver homogenates and cytosols; (2) acetaldehyde toxicity may be more dependent on sustained exposure to acetaldehyde than on the peak level of acetaldehyde attained; and (3) aldehydic B6 vitamers can modify on-going acetaldehyde-mediated transaminase inhibition.
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PMID:Inhibition of rat liver transaminases by low levels of acetaldehyde and the pharmacologic effects of B6 vitamers. 281 34

We assayed serum levels of certain enzymes and tumor markers in patients after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment. Twenty patients had hepatocellular carcinoma and two patients had metastases to the liver from colon cancer. Assays were first done immediately after TAE and were continued for the next 12 days. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1, L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2, L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) peaked 24 to 48 h after TAE and returned to the base lines in 7 to 10 days. Mitochondrial GOT (mGOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; EC 1.4.1.2, L-glutamate:NAD+ oxidoreductase) also peaked at the same time after TAE. alpha-Fetoprotein peaked 2 h after TAE and decreased to half of the baseline on day 7. Carcinoembryonic antigen peaked at 24 h and fell at 48 h only in the patients with colon cancer. The total amount of cytosolic GOT, GPT, mGOT, and GLDH released was correlated to the volume of the necrotic mass estimated by computed tomography scans. The correlation coefficients for mGOT and GLDH were r = 0.919 and r = 0.939 (both p less than 0.001), respectively. Assays of mGOT and GLDH may be useful to estimate the volume of the necrotic mass of a hepatoma or metastatic carcinoma in the liver.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activity after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatic neoplasm. 283 50

Food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations, liver amino acid catabolic enzyme activities, and whole-brain neurotransmitter and metabolite concentrations were measured in young rats adapted for 11 d to diets containing from 5 to 75% (in increments of 5%) casein. Food intake was depressed initially in rats fed diets containing 5, 10% or greater than 35% casein. For the duration of the experiment, food intakes of the groups fed the higher protein diets improved on successive days; the length and severity of the depression were proportional to the protein content of the diet fed. Rats fed low levels of protein grew poorly, and their food intake remained depressed. The gradual improvement in growth and food intake of rats fed diets containing more than 35% casein was accompanied by dramatic increases in the activities of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH, EC 4.2.1.16) and glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.1) in liver. The increase in amino acid catabolic activity was accompanied by decreases in the concentrations of most amino acids in plasma and brain. However, concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, in both plasma and brain, increased in direct proportion to the protein concentration of the diet fed. As a result of these reciprocal responses, the total concentration of indispensable amino acids in brain (IAA) was maintained within a narrow range of values, despite a sixfold range of protein intakes. Whole-brain concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were not correlated with dietary protein concentration, total food intake or protein intake. Brain concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were correlated inversely with protein intake and that of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was correlated directly with food intake. Protein intake appeared to be related to the animal's ability to maintain brain total IAA content between some upper and lower limits. Our results indicate that this was accomplished initially through downward adjustment of protein intake and subsequently through an increase in catabolic capacity for the amino acids.
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PMID:Adaptation of rats to diets containing different levels of protein: effects on food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and brain neurotransmitter metabolism. 285 80

Serum glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), serum total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were measured in 55 males and 45 females suffering from O. viverrini infection and in apparently healthy non-infected individuals. A decrease in total protein, albumin and bilirubin, as well as an increase in GOT, GPT and gamma-GT was observed in males with O. viverrini infection, whereas alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected. In female patients with O. viverrini, serum total protein and albumin also decreased, GOT and GPT increased, whereas gamma-GT remained unchanged. The difference in gamma-GT alteration between females and males is discussed with regard to the possible significance of alcohol consumption and in relation to the parasitic infection and its possible implications for malignancy, associated with liver fluke infection.
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PMID:Serum glutamyl transferase and other liver function tests in Opisthorchis viverrini infection. 286 Jul 15

In the rat, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activity increase during early postnatal ontogenesis. The development of these enzyme activities also remains normal in young whose mothers were repeatedly exposed to altitude hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 5 000 m during the whole of pregnancy.
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PMID:Development of aminotransferase activities in the serum of young rats born to normal females and to females exposed to intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy. 295 May 36

Measurement of serial aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)--formerly GOT and GPT--in both serum and urine, were carried out in rats with hepatocellular injury induced by ingestion of carbon tetrachloride. Contrary to the accepted clinical observations, the AST was initially higher than the serum ALT. Also, the clearance of AST from blood to urine was more rapid than that of ALT. This difference in enzyme excretion resulted in a more persistent elevation of ALT than of AST in the serum after hepatic injury. The persistent elevation of serum ALT correlates well with the timing of the clinical observation of higher ALT in patients with hepatitis.
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PMID:Alteration in aminotransferase levels in rats after acute hepatic injury. 358

31 healthy Thai males, 22 Thai male regular drinkers not suffering from any clinical signs or symptoms of alcoholism, and 52 patients from a neurological hospital in Bangkok suffering from the effects of chronic alcohol consumption were investigated. Alcohol consumption in asymptomatic drinkers ranged from 7 to 134 (median 44) g/d ethanol, and for the patients 22 to 517 (median 197) g/d ethanol, as assessed by questionnaires. The symptomatic alcohol drinkers had consumed alcohol for 2 to 35 years and the hospitalized patients for 5 to 40 years. Only the median levels of serum triglycerides and serum glutamyl transferase (gamma-G) were significantly increased and vitamin B1 deficiency was found with higher frequency in the group of alcohol drinkers without clinical signs compared with the healthy non-alcohol drinkers. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated in the group of asymptomatic alcohol drinkers only, between alcohol consumption and the Quetelet's index, gamma-G, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase also correlated significantly with gamma-G. In the group of hospitalized patients, compared with healthy males statistically significantly higher median values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, gamma-G, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, haemoglobin, hematocrit, folate and total protein were found. The median levels of cholesterol, bilirubin, vitamin B2, B6 and B12 in the hospitalized group were lower than, but not significantly different from the other two groups.
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PMID:Alcohol consumption, liver function tests and nutritional status in Thai males. 612 Jan 45

The pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxol (PN) in liver, the urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), the red blood cells enzymatic activities (aspartate aminotransferase, GOT and alanine aminotransferase, GPT) were determined in rats fed diets containing different levels of PN, HCl (0,23-170 micrograms/rat/d) during 13 days. PL and PM hepatic levels, GOT and GPT activities decreased significantly in groups A and B receiving respectively 0,23 and 11 micrograms PN, HCl/rat/d. No differences were noticed in food intake and growth. The urinary excretion of 4-PA shows a consistent trend with vitamin B6 intake. As the PM/PL-ratio was maximum in group A, PL reflects the actually available vitamer, whereas PM should be regarded as "trapped" PL. The GOT and GPT activities can be considered as reliable parameters of the pyridoxine status of the rat.
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PMID:[Effect of a controlled regimen of pyridoxol hydrochloride on the liver content of vitamin B6 and on the transaminase activities of erythrocytes in rats]. 623 77

Linkage relationships among five polymorphic enzyme-coding gene loci in the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus have been determined using electrophoretic analysis of progeny from laboratory matings. Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9) was found to be tightly linked to glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6..1.2), with only one recombinant observed in 364 progeny; glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT; EC 2.6.1.1) is linked to the PGI-GPT pair, with a recombination fraction of approximately 0.20 in male double heterozygotes. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 2.7.5.1) and an esterase (EST; EC 3.1.1.1) are not linked to the PGI, GPT, GOT grouping, which has been designated linkage group I. Reciprocal crosses have revealed that no recombination occurs in female T. californicus; this observation confirms a previous report that meiosis in female Tigriopus is achiasmatic.
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PMID:Linkage relationships among five enzyme-coding gene loci in the copepod Tigriopus californicus: a genetic confirmation of achiasmiatic meiosis. 646 28


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