Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)


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PMID:Peripheral markers in the female "hidden alcoholic". 288 89

Glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol, nopol (a monoterpenoid alcohol) and bilirubin, which in the rat, are catalyzed by three different enzymes, has been examined in liver biopsies from patients with various liver diseases, in particular cholestasis. These different activities were not correlated, which strongly suggests that at least three independently regulated forms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases were present in the microsomes. Non ionic detergents (Triton X100, Emulgen 911) and deoxycholate produced similar activation (more than 2-fold) of the glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol. Amphipathic substances, such as CHAPS (3-[3-cholamidopropyl-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate), and lysophosphatidylcholines maximally increased this UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity, the most potent being oleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (4-fold increase). Discriminant analysis of the data revealed no correlation between the three different UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities and the age or sex of the patients. A good correlation was found on multidimensional analysis between form 1 of the enzyme (4-nitrophenol glucuronidation) and, in decreasing order of magnitude, epoxide hydrolase (measured with benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide as substrate), cytochrome P-450, 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (r = 0.89); and between Form 3 of the enzyme (bilirubin glucuronidation) and NADPH cytochrome c reductase, alkaline phosphatase, (r = 0.81). These relationships may reflect the differential variation in enzymatic activities in various hepato-biliary diseases.
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PMID:Properties of human hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Relationship to other inducible enzymes in patients with cholestasis. 288 32

We evaluated the performance of the Kodak DTSC Module for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (2.5.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (2.7.3.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (2.3.2.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.27). The DTSC is a "special chemistry" accessory for the DT60 analyzer; the same multilayer film technology as that of the Ektachem 700 is used. The overall precision, assessed over a three-month period with two serum-based quality control materials, ranged from 2.2 to 8.0%. DTSC results for patients' specimens correlated well with those by the Technicon RA-1000 analyzer. The performance of the analyzer in linearity and interference studies was satisfactory for clinical use. The DTSC is simple to operate and has no technique-dependent step; it should be useful for the physician's office laboratory.
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PMID:Measurement of six enzymes with the Kodak DTSC Module, a physician's office analyzer. 288 44

We evaluated the Kodak Ektachem DT60/DTSC and the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron for measuring activity concentrations of six enzymes. The Ektachem CVs for low concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were high. As compared with the Ektachem and a routine "wet-chemistry" system, values for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were lower as measured by the Reflotron, because no pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is included in the Reflotron slides. Activity concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase measured with the Ektachem and with the routine procedure did not agree well, possibly because the Ektachem gave too-high results for the enzyme activities. Assays of several commercial test sera indicated that test results by the dry-chemistry and routine procedures are not interconvertible. This contrasts with our previous experience, in which between-test agreement for several analytes was acceptable.
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PMID:Two dry-reagent systems evaluated for determinations of enzyme activities. 289 95

This study provides quantitative toxicological data on potassium dichromate-induced renal damage and considers the possible difficulties arising from the non-invasive in vivo assessment of renal damage, with particular attention to enzymuria. Renal damage induced in male Wistar rats by single sc injections of potassium dichromate was assessed 52 to 72 hr after doses ranging from 3 to 20 mg potassium dichromate/kg body weight and throughout a 9-day period following a dose of 20 mg potassium dichromate/kg. The earliest and most sensitive non-invasive functional change in the dose-response and time-response studies was an elevation in the rate of urinary excretion of protein. Evidence of tissue damage was observed with elevations in the urinary excretion rates of the brush border enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase, the cytosolic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase and the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Such changes occurred as early as the abnormal urinary protein excretion, but returned to control or sub-control values sooner. Urinary brush border enzyme excretion returned to control values within 48 hr following potassium dichromate injection, despite histological and histochemical evidence of extensive renal damage and renal dysfunction. Elevations in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were observed, but histochemical and isoenzyme studies would be needed to determine the source of these increases. The simplest and most persistent indicators of renal damage were the urinary excretion of protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.
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PMID:Dose-response and time-response biochemical and histological study of potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. 289 38

Solid phase chemistry can be used for clinical analysis at the bedside, and it is even applicable to whole blood. We compared precision, accuracy, method linearity, and practicability of two solid phase chemistry analysers. Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim, W. Germany) and Ektachem DT 60 (Eastman Kodak Co, USA). Eight analytes, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urea, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were investigated. The precision of both instruments was good. Coefficients of variation for within run and day to day precision were below 10% for all analytes. Methods were compared by analysing 88 to 105 patients sera for each investigated analyte on Reflotron, on Ektachem DT 60 and on a wet chemistry reference instrument. Linear regression analysis showed good agreement between wet chemistry and solid phase chemistry results. Coefficients of correlation (r) ranged from 0.957 to 0.999. Reflotron and Ektachem are desk top analysers. Reflotron is the smaller instrument. Currently, it offers 9 analytes and rapid single test performance. Whole blood can be used for all tests. Test strips can be stored at room temperature. Ektachem DT 60 has a modular design, and 22 analytes are available. Series of up to 100 tests per hour are possible. Whole blood can be used for the preparation of glucose and haemoglobin test slides. The slides must be deep frozen for prolonged storage. Reflotron may be suitable for the physician's office, Ektachem for small laboratories. The problem of quality control has not yet been satisfactorily solved for either instrument, as only analyser-specific control specimens can be used. Reagent costs of solid phase chemistry tests are high, especially when large test series are performed. Operation of both instruments requires well trained personnel.
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PMID:Comparison of two solid phase chemistry systems: Reflotron and Ektachem DT 60. 289 3

A study of excessive alcohol consumption was carried out on 2,114 adult somatic outpatients. All patients were evaluated by the following methods: Blood-chemical tests (serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (S-GT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT) and ethanol), patient's and doctor's questionnaires, and analysis of data from psychiatric records, social welfare registers and alcohol ambulatory services. Records from psychiatric clinics detected 48% of the patients. Forty per cent of the alcohol patients had S-GT levels greater than 0.9 mu kat/l. S-ASAT and blood ethanol levels were of little informative value. The doctors recognized excessive consumption (greater than 280 g of ethanol/week). The combination of S-GT and questionnaires to patients and doctors detected 63% of the alcohol patients. Both in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice it seems appropriate to use combinations of different methods to detect patients with underlying alcohol problems.
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PMID:Comparison between different methods of detecting patients with excessive consumption of alcohol. 289 48

Changes in blood test values from the time of discharge from an alcohol treatment program to 3-month follow-up were studied in two consecutive series of alcoholic men. The parallel combination of a percent increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) of greater than or equal to 20%, in aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) of greater than or equal to 40%, and in alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) of greater than or equal to 20% over discharge values was developed as a rule and then cross-validated to identify those alcoholic men who had resumed drinking at follow-up. Serial determination of these three test values in combination can be used to distinguish recovering alcoholics who remain abstinent from those who resume drinking.
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PMID:Use of laboratory tests to monitor heavy drinking by alcoholic men discharged from a treatment program. 289 84

In 110 patients receiving long-term anti-convulsant monotherapy with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and carbamazepine (CBZ) the serum activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were examined retrospectively. Elevated serum levels of gamma-GT and AP were seen in 91% and 39% of patients receiving DPH therapy compared to 64% and 14% of those receiving CBZ treatment. With all enzymes evaluated increases were more frequent and higher with DPH treatment than with CBZ. Frequency and extent of increased activity of gamma-GT were highly related to daily dosage in both preparations. The proportion of pathological enzyme levels was associated with age in DPH and CBZ therapies but not found to be significant. Sex differences in the frequency of increased enzyme activities could not be demonstrated. The results are discussed in the context of induction of the cytochrome P-450 system.
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PMID:The influence of long-term anticonvulsant therapy with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. 290 59

Data on 15 laboratory analytes obtained in 145 prospectively investigated cholestatic patients with viral hepatitis, chronic intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction were submitted to a computer-based graphical evaluation using probabilistic test analysis. This revealed a marginal utility for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and the direct/total bilirubin ratio at specific cut-off points for the exclusion of extrahepatic cholestasis (PVneg 90%-100%). Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values with cut-off points at 200 U/l and 300 U/l, respectively, were powerful discriminators between acute viral hepatitis and the other disease categories, while lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the ratios gamma-glutamyltransferase/alanine aminotransferase as well as total bilirubin/gamma-glutamyltransferase were useful at specific cut-off points indicating the absence of this diagnosis (PVneg 92%-100%). An aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio above 1.5 and serum gamma-globulin concentrations above 20 g/l strongly suggested cholestasis due to chronic parenchymal liver disease (PVpos 92% and 90%, respectively). This graphical approach to laboratory data analysis enhances the understanding of the interrelations between cut-off points and sensitivity, specificity and predictive values and also of the influence of disease prevalence on disease prediction. It also adds to present knowledge by demonstrating the clinical relevance of several readily available, albeit rarely utilized diagnostic analytes.
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PMID:Graphical analysis of laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis: a computer-assisted prospective study. 306 41


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