Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The impact of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) on liver function was studied by measuring serum transaminase levels on 45 patients with DHF confirmed by virus isolation and serodiagnosis in 1995. Abnormal levels of AST and ALT were observed in 97.7 and 37.3% of the patients, respectively. The fact that the level of AST was higher than that of ALT and that the elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate in most cases (< 5-fold greater than the normal upper limit for AST and ALT) showed that liver involvement was also mild to moderate in most cases of DHF. The results of transaminases did not differ significantly between cases with and without hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, nor between primary and secondary cases of infection, but a significantly higher elevation of AST and ALT was observed in DHF patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Two patients with dengue encephalopathy (in 1992) and one patient with dengue encephalopathy who died of massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage (in 1995) had unusually high transaminase levels as a sign of acute liver failure. It is concluded that DHF may cause mild to moderate liver dysfunction in most cases; only some patients may suffer from acute liver failure leading to encephalopathy and death.
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PMID:The impact of dengue haemorrhagic fever on liver function. 927 78

The findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomographic scan in 35 children with acute encephalopathy (AE) induced by infections were categorized into five groups: (1) normal findings (11 cases), (2) normal findings in the acute phase followed by mild brain atrophy (1 case), (3) severe brain edema which developed within 48 hours after the onset of AE (7 cases), (4) diffuse cortical necrosis which appeared around 4 days after the onset of AE (9 cases), and (5) symmetric thalamic lesions (7 cases). Their outcomes were as follows: three cases developed epilepsy in (1) and (2); six died and one had a sequel of severe brain damage (SBD) in (3); all cases survived but had SBD in (4), and four died, one had SBD, and 2 recovered in (5). Serum AST were elevated in 7.7 and 6 cases in (3), (4) and (5), respectively. In all of them, there were more than one case having liver histologies consistent with Reye syndrome.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on 35 patients with infection-related acute encephalopathy]. 961 58

We report a 12 years old male with a history of excessive alcohol intake, that developed a severe liver failure after the use of acetaminophen in therapeutic doses. He presented with encephalopathy, jaundice, fever and an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Serum aspartate aminotransferase values were 5,250 IU/L. The patient received supportive care and oral corticosteroids, remained severely compromised for 72 hours and had a good evolution thereafter. The association of acetaminophen use and excessive alcohol intake in a patient who developed an acute hepatic failure and the absence of serological evidence of hepatitis A or B viral infection, support the diagnosis of drug induced liver failure.
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PMID:[Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in an alcohol addicted student. Case report]. 1043 1

We studied the clinical and CT findings of 3 children with acute encephalopathy associated with adenovirus type 7 (AD-7) infection. Seizures in all the patients developed from 8 to 10 days after the onset of pyrexia. The values of serum AST, LDH and CRP elevated and those of WBC and serum protein decreased at the onset of encephalopathy. None of the patients had CSF leukocytosis. CT showed mild brain atrophy in all patients. A steroid pulse therapy was effective in one patient. The pathogenesis of encephalopathy is unknown. However, its onset and the success of the steroid pulse therapy suggested that it is a post infectious encephalitis. These findings, as well as the data of blood examination and of previous reports, implicated adverse effects of cytokines in the pathogenesis of this encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Three cases with acute encephalopathy related with adenovirus type 7 infection]. 1065 55

CT/MRI findings, laboratory examinations and prognoses of 42 patients with acute encephalopathy (AE) (Japan Coma Scale > or = 200) were reported. 1. Findings on CT/MRI were divided into the following 7 categories: Group 1 (normal), Group 2 (CT/MRI looked normal in acute phase, but brain atrophy developed and progressed slowly by weeks or months), Group 3 (CT/MRI looked normal within a few days after the onset of AE, but cortical laminar necrosis developed at 4-5 days after the onset), Group 4 (marked brain edema developed within 2 days after the onset of AE), Group 5 (AE with symmetric thalamic lesions), Group 6 (symmetric pallidum, lesions on MRI which appeared after brain edema disappeared), and Group 7 (the brain shrinked during acute phase, which normalized on the follow up CT/MRI). 2. Serum AST elevated in approximately 50% of the patients with AE. Sixty percent of them exhibited DIC, whose prognoses were poor. Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) neopterin (NP) and/or interleukin (IL)-6 were elevated in all the 8 patients examined. In the two cases whose serum NP and IL-6 were measured at the same time, their values in the CSF were higher than those in the serum in one case, and almost the same in the other. In a patient with a condition mimicking hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy, serum IL-6 concentration was very high (94,000 pg/ml). 3. Mild hypothermia (around 34 degrees C) combined with methylprednisolone pulse therapy was excellently effective on AE. A 6-year-old boy exhibited tonsillar herniation at admission recovered well to be able to run. 4. Differentiation between Reye syndrome and HSE, and the pathogenesis of AE were also discussed.
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PMID:[Infection-related acute encephalopathy: CT scan/MRI finding, laboratory examination and prognosis]. 1072 91

Actinomycin-D (Act-D) is a rare cause of veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Between 1993 and 1998, we managed 6 patients, all male, median age 19 months (range 6-48 months) who received Act-D for Wilms' tumour (n=4), clear cell sarcoma (n=1) or rhabdomyosarcoma (n=1). VOD presented with a median platelet count of 12 x 10(9)/l, INR 3.8, fibrinogen 16 mg/l, fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) > or =80 microg/l, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 6922 IU/l, bilirubin 47 micromol/l. In 3 cases, transient liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia without neutropenia had been observed after a previous course of Act-D. All six children developed encephalopathy, hepatomegaly, ascites, reversed portal flow and renal impairment. All received mechanical ventilation and two required haemofiltration. The treatment was supportive. Severe Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome developed in 3 patients, all of whom died. 3 patients recovered. The outcome of VOD with multi-organ failure is poor. Intravascular coagulopathy precedes and characterises severe VOD during Act-D treatment.
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PMID:Veno-occlusive disease with multi-organ involvement following actinomycin-D. 1137 45

A 4-year-old Turkish girl was referred to our hospital with the findings of encephalopathy and pancytopenia. She had a history of severe abdominal cramps and gastrointestinal bleeding. A confused state, muscle pain and weakness, erythema-bullous and erythema-nodosum-like skin lesions, and alopecia were observed at her hospitalization. All of these symptoms resolved on follow-up. On laboratory investigation severe thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, mild anemia, a moderate increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were detected. After reevaluating her medical history, it was learned that she had accidentally taken 1.3 to 1.5 mg/kg of colchicine 3 to 4 days before her first hospitalization. The possibility of misdiagnosis of colchicine intoxication should be borne in mind, and pediatricians must be aware of its toxic effects, especially in areas where patients with familial Mediterranean fever are present.
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PMID:Late diagnosis of severe colchicine intoxication. 1198 65

A 14-month-old female with familial dysautonomia was referred to the pediatric department with high fever (41.6 degrees C), watery diarrhea, and vomiting. A few hours later, signs of encephalopathy appeared. Laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (3500 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (640 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (320 U/L), and creatine kinase (28,420 U/L). The diagnosis was heat stroke. Impaired autonomic nervous system function may be another risk factor for the development of heat stroke in young children.
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PMID:Heat stroke in familial dysautonomia. 1458 Jun 63

The authors present a case of a patient treated with valproic acid for seizure disorder who presented with acute mental status changes consistent with encephalopathy. Notably, her serum ammonia level was 3 times the upper limit of normal, despite an only mildly elevated aspartate aminotransferase and normal bilirubin. Her serum valproic acid level was in the therapeutic range. Her symptoms resolved with discontinuation of valproic acid and supportive care. The authors review the possible mechanisms of valproic acid-associated hyperammonemia with encephalopathy and propose clinical practice modifications to minimize the incidence of this adverse reaction to this generally well-tolerated and clinically important psychotropic medication.
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PMID:Valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia: a case report. 1534 8

A descriptive observational study was conducted to identify the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and markers for early diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection in adults. We enrolled 404 patients over a period of two years, beginning from 2001, at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Based on serology, 239 patients were grouped as: IgM 43 (18%), IgG and IgM 140 (58%), and IgG 28 (12%). The clinically diagnosed group without serology numbered 165 patients. Most of the parameters between groups showed a similar pattern: mean age of 30 years, mean duration of fever 7 days (range 1-19 days). Mean total white blood cell and platelet counts started to fall from the second day of fever, with the lowest counts on the 5th to 7th days. Packed cell volume (PCV) showed minimum fluctuation. One hundred and sixty (88%) patients showed elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), with 122 of them having a two-fold increase. Three patients died, and complications such as myocarditis, large effusions, encephalopathy, acute renal failure, acute liver failure and diarrhea were observed. These results suggest that a combination of clinical picture, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes could be used as markers for early diagnosis of dengue infection. Furthermore, evidence-based guidelines should be developed for managing dengue infection in adults.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and early diagnosis of dengue fever in adults: a descriptive study in Sri Lanka. 1612 39


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