Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a consecutive series of 783 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 13 (1.7%) suffered a stroke. In all but one case the strokes occurred among the 255 patients whose peak creatine kinase (CK) concentrations fell in the upper third of the range of values (over 1160 IU/l, about eight times the upper limit of normal); the exception was a patient with a pre-existing ventricular aneurysm. The incidence of stroke in the patients with CK over 1160 IU/l was 4.7%, 24 times the incidence when peak CK was below this value (0.2%). Higher peak serum enzyme concentrations were associated with an even higher incidence of stroke. Comparison of peak enzyme concentrations with cumulated CK showed a close correlation (r = 0.90 with peak CK; r = 0.85 with peak aspartate transaminase), suggesting that the peak enzyme values reflected infarct size. Thus the risk of stroke after infarction was a function of the size of the myocardial infarct; two-thirds of the patients had negligible risk of stroke and did not need anticoagulant prophylaxis.
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PMID:Stroke after acute myocardial infarction: relation to infarct size. 67 22

After a chloroform intraperitoneal injection, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and particularly aspartate aminotransferase serum activities are much more raised in deficient animals. Liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity normally decreases in rats between the 4th. and the 7th. month after the weaning. In vitamin A deficient animals, basal values of the enzyme activity are lower and the decrease is deeper. But even at month 7, liver sustains a partial capacity of ODC recovery if retinol is fed during 15 days. Chloroform administration strongly enhances liver ODC activity in normal rats. In the deficiency, stimulation is lower in absolute value but relatively higher if referred to basal level. After retinol refeeding, chloroform stimulates enzyme activity to nearly normal values. Vitamin A deficiency impairs obviously liver ODC activity and its response to chloroform stimulation in rats, but the stroke is at least partially reversible in our conditions. Moreover, deficient animals maintain a non negligible capacity of ODC response under chloroform stimulation.
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PMID:[Toxicity of chloroform and vitamin A status in the rat]. 145 50

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

No standardized assessment of aphasic symptoms for stroke patients in the acute phase has as yet been published in the German language. Current test batteries such as the AAT are too time-consuming and cannot be performed on severely impaired patients. A short test for the examination of aphasic and dysarthric symptoms has been developed which contains 7 subtests in three main areas: spontaneous speech, comprehension and planning of movements, speech and language abilities. Since abilities in acute cases may only be functionally impaired and often only detectable after stimulation, standardized stimulation is applied in most of the subtests. In this way it is possible to test acute stroke patients for aphasic and dysarthric symptoms. The course of recovery in a typical case is described.
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PMID:[A test for the detection of speech and language disorders in the acute phase after stroke. Development and clinical application]. 170 24

To obtain further insights into the rehabilitation outlook in different baseline conditions, a comparison was made of data and treatment outcomes in 92 patients having aphasias of different etiology and disease duration. Rating as "improved" was contingent on significant changes in at least 2 subtests of the AAT (Aachener Aphasietest), which is a fairly stringent requirement. This criterion was met by some 35% of the patients overall, independent of their age; the percentage increased to 45% in case of treatment onset during the first year, while in later onset, significant improvement was achieved in 15% only. Aphasic syndromes secondary to hemorrhage, trauma, tumors, or infections, usually are less severe than the predominant classical syndromes, i.e. Global, Broca and Wernicke aphasia, caused by ischemic stroke. CT lesion size did not yield any definite information. Minor improvements below the required significance levels, and, above all, gains in communication performance, i.e. further consolidation, could be achieved by appropriate management even after the crucial initial year, which, however, does not imply any fundamental changes in the rehabilitation prognosis as such.
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PMID:[Rehabilitation prognosis of aphasias of various etiologies with reference to clinical, neurolinguistic and computerized tomography findings]. 245 41

Stroke distance was measured by means of doppler ultrasound in 100 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mean stroke distance on days 1-5 after infarction was 72% of the predicted normal value for age and rose to 77% of normal by days 6-10. Stroke distance was lower after anterior (65%) than inferior infarction (75%), and was negatively correlated with peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.47, p less than 0.001). Of 16 patients whose stroke distance on days 1-5 was below 50% of normal for age, 4 died, all within the first week. Of 84 patients whose stroke distance was 50% of normal or higher, only 1 died (at 13 days). The simple bedside measurement of stroke distance offers a practical method of monitoring left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: the measurement may have prognostic value.
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PMID:Stroke distance in acute myocardial infarction: a simple measurement of left ventricular function. 256 67

We conducted a retrospective case-control study to investigate a possible association between alcohol intake and stroke. Reported recent alcohol consumption and biochemical and hematologic markers of alcohol intake were examined for 230 patients with stroke (20 to 70 years old) and compared with concurrently collected data on controls matched for age, sex, and race. A single estimate of current intake was used as a measure of alcohol consumption. Among men, the relative risk of stroke (adjusted for hypertension, cigarette smoking, and medication) was lower in light drinkers (those consuming 10 to 90 g of alcohol weekly) than in nondrinkers (relative risk, 0.5), but was four times higher in heavy drinkers (consuming greater than or equal to 300 g weekly) than in nondrinkers. Because very few women in our study drank heavily, we were unable to determine whether heavy alcohol intake influenced the risk of stroke in women. With increasing serum concentrations of the biochemical markers of alcohol intake (aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), we observed similar trends in the relative risk of stroke. Only the erythrocyte mean cell volume did not follow this pattern. We conclude that heavy alcohol consumption is an important and underrecognized independent risk factor for stroke in men, but our data are not adequate to settle the issue for women. Our conclusions are qualified by our reliance on reported recent alcohol consumption as the primary measure of intake.
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PMID:Stroke and alcohol consumption. 287 80

This study examines the hypothesis that there may be a clinically important association between alcohol intake and stroke. Alcohol consumption and the haematological and biochemical markers of alcohol intake were studied in hospital admissions for stroke and compared with community based control subjects from an occupational screening survey. In males, moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (greater than 30 units per week) was associated with an increased relative risk of stroke. Light drinking (less than 30 units per week) was associated with reduced relative risk when compared to teetotallers. The relative risk of stroke in moderate and heavy consumers of alcohol compared with teetotallers was elevated 1.8 times. Similar patterns of risk were present for increasing levels of aspartate transaminase and uric acid. Relative risk was increased for all levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase above the lowest. There was a decrease in relative risk associated with increasing levels of mean erythrocyte cell volume though this did not achieve statistical significance. There were few heavy drinkers among the female cases or controls. We conclude that high alcohol intake may be a significant preventable risk factor particularly among male strokes.
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PMID:A community case-control study of alcohol consumption in stroke. 320 34

Although blood cardioplegia preserves perioperative ventricular function better than crystalloid cardioplegia, late results are uncertain. Nuclear ventriculograms were used to assess ventricular function in 47 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery who were randomly assigned to receive blood (23 patients) or crystalloid cardioplegia (24 patients). Data were acquired at rest and during maximal exercise (bicycle ergometer) 1 month before surgery (PRE), 5 months after surgery (POST), and perioperatively at rest 3 to 5 hr after operation (PERI). Perioperatively, blood cardioplegia decreased ischemic injury (less elevation in creatine kinase-MB fraction and aspartate aminotransferase; p less than .05), preserved ventricular performance (lower stroke work index at higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume index after crystalloid than blood cardioplegia; p = .02 by analysis of covariance [ANOCOVA]) and preserved systolic function (higher left ventricular end-systolic volume index [LVESVI] at similar systolic blood pressure after crystalloid than blood cardioplegia; p = .02 by ANOCOVA). Postoperatively, resting ventricular performance and systolic function were not different with blood and crystalloid cardioplegia and were similar to preoperative measurements. Postoperatively, the response to exercise was similar between the two groups and was improved compared with that at PRE. Postoperative systolic function at exercise was similar between the two groups but was better than that at PRE (higher systolic blood pressure at similar LVESVI; p = .01 by ANOCOVA). The type of cardioplegic solution influenced perioperative but not late postoperative function after elective coronary artery bypass surgery.
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PMID:Late postoperative ventricular function after blood and crystalloid cardioplegia. 349 Mar 34

The aim of this investigation was to study central haemodynamics in initially uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with respect to natural history, relation to enzyme estimated infarct size, mortality and effects of metoprolol. A total of 212 patients with AMI but without clinical signs of serious heart failure or hypotension and with a mean delay from onset of pain to study entry of about 7 hours were studied. They were randomised to placebo or metoprolol (15 mg i.v. + 50 mg orally q.i.d.) treatment. Central pressures and cardiac output were evaluated by repeated measurements over 24 hours by means of pulmonary artery catheters. The pharmacokinetics of metoprolol were studied in further 20 patients with AMI. The natural history, as reflected by the placebo group, was observed to be a gradual significant fall in systemic artery pressures, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP; 13.6-10.5 mmHg) and stroke volume, while heart rate increased, leaving cardiac output unchanged. The decrease in PCWP was confined to the group with baseline pressure above the median of 13 mmHg and was of equal magnitude in the group given concomitant medication to that of those who required no such therapy. Significant but weak correlations between the peak serum aspartate aminotransferase level and the baseline PCWP (r = 0.28) and stroke volume (r = 0.22) were found. Non-survivors had a significant baseline depression of cardiac output and stroke volume, while PCWP was increased. However, the overlap with survivors was large. The dosage of metoprolol used resulted in mean plasma levels of about 200 nmol/l, which should induce a rapid and sustained degree of beta-blockade. The patients randomised to placebo or metoprolol were assessed according to initial heart rate. The haemodynamic changes induced by metoprolol were similar but were more pronounced in patients with high heart rate compared to those with low rate. In patients with heart rate greater than 65 beats/min, the metoprolol treated group, in comparison to the placebo group, was characterised by a decrease of 10-20% in systolic artery pressure and heart rate, suggesting a decreased myocardial oxygen consumption. Cardiac index (2.9-2.2 l/min/m2) and stroke volume index (36-32 ml/beat/m2) decreased to a minimum after 30 minutes and gradually rose thereafter. The PCWP increased from 13.7 to 15.4 mmHg, 30 minutes after the injection of metoprolol. This increase was confined to the group with baseline low pressure and the difference compared to the placebo group disappeared after 8 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Central haemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction. Natural history, relation to enzyme release and effects of metoprolol. 353 97


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