Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diagnosis of injury to the myocardium is facilitated by information on the activities of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme 1 in serum, thee isoenzymes being present in higher activities in the myocardium than in other tissues or in normal serum. The temporal relationships of these isoenzymes, total creatine kinase, total lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) are highly sensitive and specific for acute injury to the heart, particularly acute myocardial infarction. Chronic heart diseases, electric cardioversion for heart rhythm disturbances, coronary catheterization, and exercise usually do not produce increases of CK-MB, although abnormal aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 activities are seen in some individuals. Many other causes of increased activities of these enzymes and isoenzymes in serum are unrelated to injury to the heart. Because CK-MB is present in the skeletal muscle in low activities, substantial injury to skeletal muscle can increase CK-MB activities in the blood to abnormal values. Pulmonary embolism can mimic myocardial infarction in its clinical presentation. In patients with an accurately known time of onset of symptoms and serial enzyme analysis every 12 h during the first 48 h, acute myocardial infarction can be distinguished from pulmonary embolism by determinations of creatine kinase, CK-MB, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in serum.
 ...
PMID:Serum enzymes and isoenzymes in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and necrosis. 699 25

Fifty-three consecutive patients, mean age 63 years, undergoing either peripheral vascular reconstructive surgery (n = 40) or lobectomy for bronchial carcinoma (n = 13) were examined pre- and postoperatively with conventional electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG) and estimation of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total lactic dehydrogenase and the heat-stable fraction of lactic dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of per/postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Six patients (11%) developed signs of acute MI. In 2 patients whose ECG showed only unspecific changes, the VCG was decisive for the diagnosis. The serum enzyme values alone were of limited value in the diagnosis of per/postoperative MI.
 ...
PMID:Vectorcardiography in the diagnosis of postoperative myocardial infarction. 708 Aug 62

Total serum creatine kinase and isoenzyme levels were studied in five patients with polymyositis. In all five patients, CK-MB isoenzyme was demonstrated by the column chromatography and electrophoretic method, although there was no evidence of myocardial infarction. The persistent elevation of CK-MB in patients with polymyositis is in contrast to the usual transient increase in myocardial infarction. Serial CK-MB isoenzyme quantitation can be used to distinguish myocardial infarction from polymyositis. CK-MB is a more sensitive indicator than AST and LDH as a monitoring device, but offers no advantage over total CK activity.
 ...
PMID:CK-MB isoenzyme in patients with polymyositis. 708 Dec 91

Seventy-eight patients with myocardial infarction had been admitted to the intensive care unit not later than 5 h after the beginning of illness. The levels of myoglobin, CPK, LDH, AST, ALT, MB CPK and LDH1 were determined in the blood serum of the patients in the time course during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. All patients showed considerable increase of myoglobin level in the blood serum. In myocardial infarction the level of myoglobin is enhanced significantly earlier than all the other indices, and reached its maximum figure also earlier. In the majority of cases its content reverts to normal at the beginning or in the middle of the second day. In 10 patients with the spread of the primary focus of lesion a repeated peak of myoglobin rise was recorded a few hours after the painful attack. In cases complicated during the course of illness by circulatory insufficiency hypermyoglobinemia was observed during a much greater period of time. Hypermyoglobinemia is the most sensitive and the earliest test of myocardial infarction compared to other biochemical tests.
 ...
PMID:[Role of the serial determination of myoglobin, enzymes and isoenzymes in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. 709 73

We investigated the relation between haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes and serum levels of various biochemical markers after myocardial infarction in 496 patients. In 122 subjects selected on the basis of short delays until hospitalization, patients with Hp 2-2 had higher cumulated creatine kinase activity than patients with Hp 1-1, or Hp 2-1 (P less than 0.05), as well as higher myoglobin concentrations (P less than 0.02) 12 to 28 hours after admission. Comparison of serum enzyme activities in the remaining 374 patients confirmed that Hp 2-2 patients had significantly higher total creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase peak levels. Complications of left ventricular failure were more frequent in these patients (P = 0.05). Our results suggest that Hp 2-2 patients have more severe myocardial infarctions than Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 patients, However, no difference in the distribution of haptoglobin phenotype was found between patients who had a myocardial infarction and healthy subjects, indicating that Hp 2-2 does not predispose to the occurrence of infarction.
 ...
PMID:Effect of the haptoglobin phenotype on the size of a myocardial infarct. 709 7

The aspartate aminotransferase activity with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supplementation was examined in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic preparations from fresh human heart and liver samples. The apoenzyme was fully saturated in all cases. Liver cell damage was produced by ischaemia and carbon tetrachloride poisoning in two groups of rabbits. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was measured in the plasma and in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial preparations from both groups. After carbon tetrachloride poisoning the enzyme activity in the plasma increased within 2 h but was not enhanced by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Following ischaemia, plasma enzyme activity only increased between 4 and 8 h and was progressively stimulated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Up to 15 h after carbon tetrachloride poisoning the liver cytoplasmic and mitochondrial apo-enzyme remained fully saturated with co-enzyme. In contrast, a pronounced loss of co-enzyme occurred in both fractions of the ischaemic group. These result suggest that the type of injury and not necessarily the organ affected could determine the degree of activation of aspartate aminotransferase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate observed in human myocardial infarction and liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Changes in activation of aspartate aminotransferase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate after experimental liver damage in rabbits. 710 22

A new immunochemical method for the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LDH-1) was used on 113 consecutively admitted patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Using WHO's criteria and our routine program 49 were classified as having myocardial infarction and 64 as having no myocardial infarction. LDH-1 was better than total lactate dehydrogenase is discriminating between patients with and without myocardial infarction (p less than 0.02), and the efficiency (the number of correct classifications divided by the total number of analyses) on day 2-3 equalled that from the literature for CK-MB on day 1. Total lactate dehydrogenase and LDH-1 are supplemental to creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB, while aspartate aminotransferase may be omitted in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Determination of the ratio of LDH-l to total lactate dehydrogenase offered to no advantage.
 ...
PMID:Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. 710 48

Clinical observation over 991 patients with myocardial infarction and blood tests for the activity of serum enzymes LDH, AST, ALT and acid hydrolases showed that the size of the necrosis of the heart muscle and the rate of the development of autolytic processes play an important role in the development of the main complications of the disease. Some syndromes reflecting the most important pathogenic mechanisms of the development of the complications were revealed, which is of definite importance for rational treatment and prognosis of the outcomes of myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical importance of biochemical studies in myocardial infarct complications]. 720 23

A cardioselective parameter has been available for about 2 years since the development by KATUS of an immunoassay for cardiac Troponin T (TnT). The major advantages of this TnT assay are its cardiospecificity and its sensitivity. The parameters usually determined in toxicity studies in rats to detect alterations in the myocardial cells, e.g. aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are either of low sensitivity in this species or give falsely high results as the consequence of stress or haemolysis. We therefore investigated in the present study how well Troponin T, determined with the ELISA Troponin T from Boehringer Mannheim, can detect experimentally induced myocardial lesions in rats. In order to achieve hypoxic damage of the cardiomyocytes in these experiments in rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given two doses of 4 mg/kg isoprenaline each (Aludrin from Boehringer Ingelheim, FRG) subcutaneously. The second dose was given 7 h after the start of the experiment. Serum samples were analysed for Troponin T (TnT) levels and, for comparison, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Histological examinations of the heart muscle were performed 24 and 96 h after the first injection. As expected, histological examinations of the isoprenaline-treated animals revealed marked myofibrillic degeneration of the myocardium 24 h after the first injection. Markedly elevated serum TnT levels (up to 7.9 ng/ml) were already evident in these animals after 6 h. TnT values decreased with time, but were still statistically significant after 48 h. Of the well-established indicators for diagnosing myocardial infarction, only ASAT showed transient statistically significant increases over 24 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic efficiency of troponin T measurements in rats with experimental myocardial cell damage. 758 98

The diagnostic value of serum myoglobin as compared to MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase was investigated in 25 patients admitted on suspicion of acute myocardial infarction with a duration of symptoms less than 6 hours. In group 1 (acute myocardial infarction group), the first blood sample, obtained at a mean time of 3.27 hours after onset of infarction, invariably showed increased myoglobin (mean 2.6-fold normal) whereas MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase were often normal. Peak myoglobin values occurred earlier than peak serum MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase values. The highest peak values of serum myoglobin were found in patients with extensive myocardial infarction. In group 2 (non-acute myocardial infarction or control group) serial determinations of serum myoglobin, serum MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase were within normal limits. Hence the importance lies with the early detection of serum myoglobin in acute myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:The roles of myoglobin, MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. 793 Jun 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>