Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scarcity of small donors results in a high mortality rate for children on liver transplant waiting lists. To alleviate this problem, we have recently started to reduce the size of livers from older donors to use in children. In the last year, a total of 20 liver transplants were performed in 17 patients, including seven reduced-size liver transplants (RSLT) in six children. Mortality on the waiting list has been reduced to negligible amounts compared with a mortality rate of 25% before starting RSLT in patients with acute liver failure or those whose weight was less than 10 kg. Children undergoing RSLT weighed 10.8 +/- 8.5 kg compared with 20.9 +/- 20.3 for all others (NS). Cold ischemia time was significantly longer in the RSLT group (9.5 +/- 3.0 v 6.0 +/- 2.8 hours, P less than .05) as was intraoperative blood loss (9.4 +/- 9.4 v 3.0 +/- 3.5 blood volumes). There was no significant difference in postoperative aspartate aminotransferase and prothrombin time between the two groups. Four children received a RSLT as a primary procedure and three have survived with good liver function. Two patients were retransplanted with RSLT after a failed first transplant and both died of nonhepatic complications. This compares with 11 of 13 survivors in the whole liver transplant group. Causes of death in children who died after RSLT include cytomegalovirus sepsis (2) and myocardial infarction(1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early experience with reduced-size liver transplants. 227 30

The detection rate was examined for ECG (EchoECG) equivalents of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) forms, such as angina pectoris, focal myocardial dystrophy, small and large myocardial infarction, at various levels of the peak activity of blood creatine phosphokinase in the acute period of the disease. A series of investigations revealed in the acute period the time when myoglobin, CPK, CPK MB, AST, and LDH attained their maximal blood content, which were directly related to the molecular weight of proteins. The findings allowed the author to consider a relationship between the values obtained by diagnostic techniques and the time course of an infarct process, the mass of ischemic necrosis and its topography in the myocardium.
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PMID:[Correlations of laboratory and instrumental method parameters in the diagnosis of acute ischemic lesion of the myocardium]. 229 Feb 68

We report the results of enzyme determinations in sera from 88 patients, 65 of whom showed inconspicuous reconvalescence, 14 who had myocardial infarction within 24 h (MI 1) after bypass surgery, and nine with myocardial infarction between 24 and 48 h postoperatively (MI 2). We wanted to determine whether the consequent measurement of activities of total creatine kinase (CK), CK isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase, conducted as a part of routine laboratory diagnostics, provided meaningful information for diagnosing infarcts besides that obtained from the electrocardiogram. The postoperative mean values of the enzyme activities in blood were significantly different among the three groups; however, only a combined evaluation of CK and CK-MB by means of a discriminant analysis allowed the prediction of MI (sensitivity: MI 1 = 98.5%, MI 2 = 95.4%; specificity: MI 1 = 71.4%, MI 2 = 81.8%). CK greater than 600 U/L or CK-MB greater than 45 U/L supports the diagnosis of acute MI.
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PMID:Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction by considering relationship of postoperative electrocardiogram changes and enzyme increases after coronary bypass operation. 235 26

This report describes the diagnostic problem caused by an atypical immunoglobulin-bound creatine kinase isoenzyme in a patient who had a myocardial infarction. In the presence of this atypical isoenzyme, creatine kinase isoenzyme electrophoresis was of no help in determining whether myocardial infarction had occurred. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed by carrying out lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis and finding the characteristic increase in LD1/LD2 ratio and by following the total creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities over a 5-day period. Further investigations were carried out which characterized the atypical isoenzyme as an uncommon type: creatine kinase-BB bound to immunoglobulin A lambda.
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PMID:Diagnostic problem caused by an atypical creatine kinase isoenzyme in a patient with myocardial infarction. 236 80

A new method is described for estimation of the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction progress due to temporary decrease in the isoenzymes, i.e. malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and the decrease in the creatine kinase (CK). It is shown that the time of enzymatic activity is an essential factor. If 120 hours of decrease in enzymatic activity of MDH, LDH, and CK are exceeded, the prognosis of the myocardial infarction deteriorates dramatically.
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PMID:[Assessment of prognosis in acute myocardial infarct after reaching the maximum enzyme activity]. 237 31

Prevention of myocardial cell death is an important goal in the treatment of myocardial infarction. The potential benefit of chlorpromazine in myocardial injury was assessed in the isolated rabbit heart under conditions of the calcium paradox. A period of 20 min of calcium-free perfusion followed by reintroduction of calcium was associated with myocardial damage, as indicated by severe impairment in left ventricular contractile function and marked loss of protein and enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase) from the myocardium. Chlorpromazine, 15 or 25 mg/kg, was given intravenously 30 min before excision of the heart. Chlorpromazine was associated with significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in left ventricular function, as indicated by larger developed pressure, greater peak positive and negative dP/dt, and lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Chlorpromazine pretreatment was associated with significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the amount of enzyme and protein lost from the myocardium. Thus, chlorpromazine can reduce the severity of myocardial cell injury.
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PMID:Effect of chlorpromazine on myocardial damage in the calcium paradox. 243 12

Recent investigations have shown that cardiac isoenzymes change with mechanical overload and possibly with myocardial ischaemia. This complicates the interpretation of serum enzyme changes in acute myocardial infarction. We have therefore investigated the rate of release of isoenzymes from necrosing myocardium and the effect of ischaemia per se. Discrete myocardial infarction was produced in 35 male Wistar rats by ligation of left coronary artery. Six (n = 7), 12 (n = 6), 24 (n = 9), 72 (n = 7) h and 3 weeks (n = 6) after surgery, total and isoenzyme activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in the infarcted myocardium. Untreated rats (n = 12) were used as the control (time 0). Sham operation was performed in 36 rats. During the early period (0 to 12 or 24 h) of infarction, each (iso)enzyme disappeared monoexponentially from the myocardium (mean r = 0.88) with different disappearance rates. Cytosolic isoenzyme fractions decreased more rapidly than mitochondrial fractions. CK MB and the LD-H subunit decreased faster than CK MM and the LD-M subunit. Such differences in the disappearance rate may be related to subcellular localisation of each isoenzyme. In the late period (72 h and 3 weeks), CK BB and the LD-M subunit showed significant reaccumulation in the infarcted myocardium. Although inflammatory cells can be responsible for the reaccumulation of LD-M subunit, the origin of CK BB is unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Disappearance and appearance of isoenzymes of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in the myocardium undergoing infarction. 259 Sep 8

We describe an enhancement of our earlier computer program which allows calculation of decision thresholds, sensitivity and specificity, and likelihood ratios of negative and positive test results for any chosen value of sensitivity or specificity. The program will also plot continuous receiver operating characteristic and decision level curves which permit examination of the contours created by using all the available data. We illustrate the value of these routines by showing that the sensitivity and specificity of serum aspartate aminotransferase changes during the course of a myocardial infarction.
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PMID:A computer program to determine diagnostic decision thresholds and likelihood ratios illustrated with aspartate aminotransferase activities after a myocardial infarction. 261 33

For the diagnosis of myocardial injury, particularly AMI, CK-MB has become the gold standard. Changing CK-MB activities in serially collected blood from patients with suggestive signs and symptoms of AMI is almost pathognomonic for infarction. Nevertheless, an increased CK-MB cannot be equated with AMI owing to the many other types of inflammatory, traumatic, and miscellaneous forms of injury to the heart and the trace activities of CK-MB in skeletal muscle. Other enzyme tests for AMI are less efficient. In order of decreasing efficiency, the tests are CK-MB, CK, LD1 greater than LD2 or LD1/LD2 greater than 0.76, AST and LD; the latter two tests are not cost effective and add little or nothing when results for CK-MB, CK, and LD isoenzymes are available. The value of the isoforms of CK-MM and CK-MB remains to be established. Early evidence suggests that they could be helpful in the diagnosis of AMI; however, owing to the greater technical difficulties in performing these tests, their use is necessarily more restricted. Enzyme testing on admission and then every 12 hours for 2 days is sufficient and effective in making the initial diagnosis. In patients presenting early after an attack, CK and CK-MB are often normal. Decisions on AMI cannot be made on blood tests collected in the emergency department. Clot-lysing agents like streptokinase, urokinase, and tPA have changed the therapy of AMI dramatically. Enzyme tests clearly separate patients with and without successful therapeutic or spontaneous reperfusion. With successful reperfusion, the uniform finding has been a "washout" phenomenon with significantly earlier peaking times for CK and CK-MB. The isoforms of CK and myoglobin give the earliest peaks after successful reperfusion. With faster turnaround times for these tests, they may become important tools in patient management.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of patients with abnormal serum creatine kinase isoenzymes. 268 5

Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases are two of the enzymes most frequently measured by the clinical laboratory. They are most commonly used in the differential diagnosis of various liver diseases where the ratio of the two enzymes provides additional clinical insight. AST is also useful in many cases for diagnosis, or estimating severity, of myocardial infarction. The mitochondrial isoenzyme of AST has a growing significance in the diagnosis of alcoholism and other conditions.
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PMID:Aminotransferases in disease. 268 8


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