Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory diagnostic issues of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) were investigated in a retrospective case study conducted at a national reference laboratory (Focus Technologies, formerly MRL Reference Laboratory), and at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, during 1997 and 1998. Standard questionnaires were sent to physicians for each laboratory-diagnosed patient 2 days to 2 weeks after immunofluorescent antibody assay results were available. Among the 41 cases for which data were obtained, 32 (78%) were definite cases of HME, and 9 (22%) were probable cases of HME. Tick bite or exposure to ticks was recorded in more than 97% of cases. The most prominent clinical findings were fever, abdominal tenderness, and regional lymphadenopathy. There was an association between age and severity of illness. The main laboratory findings included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Clinical and laboratory findings were nonspecific and were not good predictors of the severity of illness. The 90% of patients who received doxycycline treatment underwent rapid clinical improvement with a favorable outcome. The usual duration of effective treatment with doxycycline was 7 to 10 days. This retrospective study is unique because it was based in a commercial reference laboratory setting that receives specimens from different geographic locations. The clinical and laboratory information from 41 patients provides insight into the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of HME.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. 1296 23

To determine the incidence, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and utility of molecular diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) in the primary care setting, we conducted a prospective study in an outpatient primary care clinic in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. One hundred and two patients with a history of fever for 3 days (>37.7 degrees C), tick bite or exposure, and no other infectious disease diagnosis were enrolled between March 1997 and December 1999. HME was diagnosed in 29 patients by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and laboratory manifestations included fever (100%), headache (72%), myalgia or arthralgia (69%), chills (45%), weakness (38%), nausea (38%), leukopenia (60%), thrombocytopenia (56%), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (52%). Hospitalization occurred in 41% of case-patients. PCR sensitivity was 56%; specificity, 100%. HME is a prevalent, potentially severe disease in southeastern Missouri that often requires hospitalization. Because clinical presentation of HME is nonspecific, PCR is useful in the diagnosis of acute HME.
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PMID:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. 1472 Mar 99

Steroid dependency (SD) and frequent relapses (FR) are common with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). We assessed the effectiveness of daily levamisole in 36 children with SSNS with FR and/or SD. Twenty patients (group 1) were given levamisole 2-3 mg/kg q.o.d. for 4-24 months. Sixteen (group 2) had relapses within 3 months: 5 received levamisole q.d. for 3-18 months, and 11 q.d. for 6 months and then q.o.d. for 4-18 months. Follow-up was 4-36 (mean 20.4 +/- 9.2) months. After therapy, relapses (4.82 +/- 3.15 vs. 2.01 +/- 2.5 in group 1; 5.97 +/- 3.38 vs. 1.34 +/- 2.1 in group 2; p < 0.05) and prednisolone doses (0.57 +/- 0.37 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.33 mg/kg/day in group 1; 0.61 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.35 mg/kg/day in group 2; p < 0.05) decreased. Relapse frequency, prednisolone dose, response percentage, and survival curves for remission did not differ between groups. Group 1 had five episodes of leukopenia, and group 2 had four. White blood cell counts normalized after levamisole was discontinued. Serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels were normal. Levamisole is effective in maintaining remission in children with SSNS and FR and/or SD. Daily levamisole can be considered when responses to q.o.d. usage are unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome children with frequent relapses and/or steroid dependency: comparison of daily and every-other-day usage. 1533 36

A 16-year-old Caucasian girl of Albanian origin was admitted to the hospital complaining of intermittent fever (38 degrees C) for a week, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal laboratory findings (elevated serum aminotransferases levels AST/ALT 77/40 U/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 80 mm/first hour, as well as leukopenia 2.5 x 10(3)/mm3), which were found in a blood examination. Physical examination revealed slight hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, as well as cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. A diagnostic open lymph node biopsy was performed and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) was established based on the characteristic histological pattern. Other abnormal laboratory findings were C-reactive protein 6.8 mg/dl and serum lactate dehydrogenase 900 U/l. Her history included a diarrhoea syndrome 2 months before the present admission, during the summer holidays, for which she was treated with metronidazole. At that time, characteristic cysts of giardia lamblia intestinalis were observed in the stools. Herein, we present this case hypothesising that the protozoal infection caused by the giardia lamblia intestinalis was probably triggering an immune response leading to KFD. The patient's age in combination with this firstly reported protozoal pathogen, as a triggering agent leading to KFD, consist a very interesting originality. Additionally, some review data is also given.
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PMID:Giardia lamblia intestinalis: a new pathogen with possible link to Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. An additional element in the disease jigsaw. 1564 21

A descriptive observational study was conducted to identify the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and markers for early diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection in adults. We enrolled 404 patients over a period of two years, beginning from 2001, at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Based on serology, 239 patients were grouped as: IgM 43 (18%), IgG and IgM 140 (58%), and IgG 28 (12%). The clinically diagnosed group without serology numbered 165 patients. Most of the parameters between groups showed a similar pattern: mean age of 30 years, mean duration of fever 7 days (range 1-19 days). Mean total white blood cell and platelet counts started to fall from the second day of fever, with the lowest counts on the 5th to 7th days. Packed cell volume (PCV) showed minimum fluctuation. One hundred and sixty (88%) patients showed elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), with 122 of them having a two-fold increase. Three patients died, and complications such as myocarditis, large effusions, encephalopathy, acute renal failure, acute liver failure and diarrhea were observed. These results suggest that a combination of clinical picture, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes could be used as markers for early diagnosis of dengue infection. Furthermore, evidence-based guidelines should be developed for managing dengue infection in adults.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and early diagnosis of dengue fever in adults: a descriptive study in Sri Lanka. 1612 39

E7070 is a novel sulfonamide anticancer agent that disrupts the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. The objectives of this phase I study of E7070 were to estimate the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), to determine the recommended dose for phase II, and to clarify the pharmacokinetic profile of E7070 and its relation to polymorphisms of CYP2C9 (*2, *3) and CYP2C19 (*2, *3) in Japanese patients. Patients received 1-2-h i.v. infusions of E7070 (400, 600, 700, 800 or 900 mg/m2) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Twenty-one patients received between one and eight cycles of E7070. The dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) comprised leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, colitis, and ileus. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for successive dose levels increased in a non-dose-proportional manner. Two patients were heterozygous for the CYP2C9 mutation. For CYP2C19, eight patients were wild type and the remainder had heterozygous (n = 8) or homozygous mutations (n = 5). Regarding the CYP2C19 genotype, the AUC of patients with mutant alleles were higher than those of patients with wild type at a dose of 600 mg/m2 or more. The severity of toxic effects, such as myelosuppression, seemed to depend on the AUC. No partial responses were observed. One patient treated at a dose of 700 mg/m2 experienced a maximum tumor volume reduction of 22.5%. The MTD was estimated to be 900 mg/m2. A dose of 800 mg/m2 is recommended for further phase II studies. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of E7070 seemed to be influenced by CYP2C19 genotype. The observed safety profile and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity warrant further investigation of this drug in monotherapy or in combination chemotherapy.
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PMID:Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic study of E7070 administered once every 21 days. 1623 5

In this retrospective study, the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 105 adult malaria patients, who had been hospitalized between the period of 1992 and 2006 were evaluated. Nineteen percent of the patients were female, and the mean age was 28 +/- 10 years. Fifty percent of the patients acquired the infection in Southeastern Anatolia, while they were on military duty. The most common complaints were rigor (93%), fever (90%), sweating (90%), headache (76%), nausea (45%), and fatigue (38%). The most common physical examination findings were splenomegaly (86%) and hepatomegaly (62%). Anemia was detected in 23%, leukopenia in 47%, thrombocytopenia in 73%, two fold increase in ALT or AST enzyme levels in 32% of the patients. Plasmodium vivax was detected in 101 (96%) patients, whereas P. falciparum was detected in 4 patients (4%). Although the number of malaria cases in Turkey is declining in recent years, the febrile patients with a history of travel to the endemic regions should raise the suspicion of malaria.
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PMID:[Malaria in Turkey and 14 years of clinical experience]. 1700 53

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne viral disease reported from more than 30 countries in Africa, Asia, South-East Europe, and the Middle East. The majority of human cases are workers in livestock industry, agriculture, slaughterhouses, and veterinary practice. Nosocomial transmission is also well described. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific and symptoms typically include high fever, headache, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain, and nonbloody diarrhea. Patients may show signs of progressive hemorrhagic diathesis. Laboratory abnormalities may include anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased AST/ALT levels, and prolonged prothrombin, bleeding, and activated partial thromboplastin times. Diagnostic methods include antibody detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, virus isolation, antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction. The mainstay of treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is supportive, with careful maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, circulatory volume, and blood pressure. The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is susceptible to ribavirin in vitro. There is no controlled study evaluating oral versus intravenous ribavirin in treating Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients, but few studies have evaluated oral ribavirin. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever with a special focus on oral ribavirin as a choice of medical treatment.
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PMID:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. 1736 25

Patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis present with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and an elevated aspartate transaminase level. Clinical and histopathologic features of severe disease suggest macrophage activation. Twenty-nine patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis had higher ferritin, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p70, and interferon- gamma levels than did control subjects matched for age and sex; severity correlated with triglyceride, ferritin, and interleukin-12 p70 levels. Several severely affected patients had cases that fulfilled macrophage activation syndrome diagnostic criteria. Macrophage activation and excessive cytokine production may belie tissue injury associated with Ananplasma phagocytophilum infection.
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PMID:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activation. 1757 79

Intraerythrocytic piroplasms, morphologically indistinguishable from Cytauxzoon felis, were identified in stained blood films from more than one third of free-ranging cougars (Puma concolor couguar) in southern Florida in a study that failed to demonstrate negative effects of piroplasm infection on measured hematologic parameters. However, a recent study with a nested 18s rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay identified only 9% of the free-ranging cougars in southern Florida as infected with C. felis but found 83% of these animals were infected with an unnamed small Babesia sp. In this study, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters were determined during the initial appearance of piroplasms in stained blood films of three western cougars housed in northern Florida. One animal became ill, but the remaining two animals did not exhibit clinical signs of disease. The hematocrit decreased in all three cougars concomitant with the first recognized parasitemia. A regenerative response to anemia (increased polychromasia, increased mean cell volume, and increased red cell distribution width) was recognized in two cougars that were examined twice during the following 2 weeks. Thrombocytopenia and probable leukopenia occurred in one animal. The most consistent clinical chemistry findings were increased serum bilirubin concentrations and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities at the time of initial recognition of parasitemia. Serum protein findings were not consistent in these cougars. The use of PCR and determination of 18S rRNA gene sequences in the blood from these three animals revealed infection with C. felis, but not with the Babesia sp. In this report, we demonstrate that mild hemolytic anemia, and probably liver injury, occurs concomitant with the initial discovery of C. felis piroplasms in stained blood films.
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PMID:Laboratory findings in acute Cytauxzoon felis infection in cougars (Puma concolor couguar) in Florida. 1767 13


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