Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between plasma protein bound iodine (PBI) level and creatine kinase (CK) activity was investigated in 143 males and 528 females suspected of various thyroid disorders; there was significant negative correlation between low PBI level and raised CK activity. CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were determined in plasma from patients with reduced PBI levels; apart from CK, LD was the only enzyme increased in an appreciable number of cases. A further series of specimens was collected from 66 patients with low PBI levels and the CK isoenzymes investigated. In all of these MM was the main form present; a trace of MB was found in 6. These findings do not explain the elevation of CK in hypothyroidism which may be a non-specific effect.
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PMID:An investigation into creatine kinase and other plasma enzymes in thyroid disorders. 7 98

Acute muscle pain with stiffness developed in a patient with latent hypothyroidism after administration of clofibrate. Serum creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were markedly elevated, but returned to normal one and a half months after the discontinuation of clofibrate. Clofibrate challenge (750 mg/day) for three days caused muscle pain and an elevation in serum CK. Hypothyroidism may be a predisposing factor in the development of clofibrate-induced myopathy.
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PMID:Clofibrate-induced myopathy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism. 208 82

Amiodarone is a powerful anti-arrhythmic drug. However, its use is somewhat limited by side-effects. No study examining side-effects specifically in elderly patients exists. We have reviewed noncardiac side-effects in 61 elderly patients on long-term oral amiodarone treatment (follow-up 3-66 months). The most troublesome side-effect was hypothyroidism (nine patients, 15%). No cases of frank hyperthyroidism were seen. Elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) was common (16 patients, 26%), but generally mild and transient. Photosensitivity occurred in six patients (10%). Corneal deposits were common but gave rise to symptoms in only one patient. Two patients reported tremor. Hypothyroidism appeared to be more common and photosensitivity less common than in previously reported series in younger adults. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is our policy to continue to prescribe amiodarone to elderly patients, regulate monitoring for adverse effects is however mandatory.
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PMID:Noncardiac side-effects of long-term oral amiodarone in the elderly. 336 37

The following parameters were studied in 27 newly diagnosed and not treated patients with primary hypothyroidism: TTH, creatine kinase (CK) with MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with isoenzymes LDH1 and LDH5, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) before and after 20-day substitutive therapy. It has been established that the enzymes were increased in about 60% of the untreated patients, and the typical enzyme constellation for hypothyroidism consisted of CK with MB isoenzymes, ASAT and LDH1. The myocardial isoenzymes were normalized within the period of substitutive therapy. The enzymes were established to be elevated only in the patients that had increased CK. The follow up of the above enzyme constellation before and during the initial phases of the treatment of hypothyroidism could provide considerable possibilities of differential diagnosis with ischemic heart disease, often manifested during that period. The determination of CK in advance would be a screening determining the necessity of studies on the enzyme constellation.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes in hypothyroidism]. 360 1

The behaviour in hypothyroidism of certain muscular enzymes (CK, TOE, LDH, AST) was studied. A significant increase in these enzymes occurs in basal conditions and is gradually normalised by substitution therapy. This response might serve to distinguish hypothyroidism from other conditions causing an increase in muscular enzyme levels.
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PMID:[The behavior of various muscle enzymes in hypothyroidism]. 403 55

The effects of diseases of the liver, the thyroid, and the kidneys on the retinol-binding protein (RBP)-prealbumin (PA) system responsible for the transport of vitamin A in plasma were examined, using a radial gel diffusion immunoassay for PA and the previously described radioimmunoassay for RBP. Measurements were made on plasma samples from 118 normal subjects, 31 patients with cirrhosis, 5 with chronic active hepatitis, 27 with acute viral hepatitis, 14 patients with hyperthyroidism, 7 with hypothyroidism, and 26 patients with chronic renal disease of varying etiologies. In the patients with liver disease, the levels of vitamin A, RBP, and PA were all markedly decreased and were highly significantly correlated over a wide range of concentrations. Serial samples were available in 19 patients with acute hepatitis; as the disease improved the plasma concentrations of vitamin A, RBP, and PA all increased. In patients with acute hepatitis RBP concentrations correlated negatively with the levels of plasma bilirubin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. In the hyperthyroid patients both RBP and PA concentrations were significantly lower than normal; in hypothyroidism, neither protein showed levels significantly different from normal. In both hyper- and hypothyroidism and in liver disease, the molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were not significantly different from normal.Patients with chronic renal disease had marked abnormalities in the plasma concentrations of RBP and vitamin A and in the molar ratios examined. In renal disease the levels of both RBP and vitamin A were greatly elevated, while the PA levels remained normal. The molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were both markedly elevated. In many patients RBP was present in molar excess as compared with PA. The presence of a relatively large proportion of free RBP, not complexed to PA, in some patients with chronic renal disease was confirmed by gel filtration. The free RBP, present in molar excess, was capable of forming a complex with additional purified PA added to the plasma. The kidneys appear to play an important role in the normal metabolism of RBP.
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PMID:The effects of diseases of the liver, thyroid, and kidneys on the transport of vitamin A in human plasma. 509 25

Eleven adult Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) were studied. Two items of history related to the digestive tract were characteristic: (i) chronic intractable diarrhea in most dogs, and (ii) progressive emaciation. Anorexia was intermittent in only a few dogs. In addition, skin lesions of various degrees of severity were observed, including alopecia of pinnae and ventrum, hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of pinnae, and necrosis and ulcerations of margins of pinnae. The cause of the skin lesions was not determined; however, hypothyroidism did not appear to contribute to the skin changes. Standard hematologic and serum chemical values were not consistently abnormal. However, a poorly regenerative anemia, mild neutrophilia, and increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were generally observed in severely affected dogs. The Pelger-Huet anomaly was identified in dog 3. Maldigestion and malabsorption as determined by the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and d-xylose test was documented to varying degrees in dogs with IPSID. Maldigestion was correlated with functional pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Severe malabsorption was documented in only 3 dogs. Serum gastrin values were evaluated in these dogs because of a prior observation of parietal cell hyperplasia and gastric ulceration. Hypergastrinemia was documented in 3 dogs. Additional studies will be necessary to determine whether an acid hypersecretory state contributes to the pathogenesis of IPSID in Basenjis.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory characterization of Basenjis with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. 660 87

The liver has an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism and the level of thyroid hormones is also important to normal hepatic function and bilirubin metabolism. Besides the associations between thyroid and liver diseases of an autoimmune nature, such as that between primary biliary cirrhosis and hypothyroidism, thyroid diseases are frequently associated with liver injuries or biochemical test abnormalities. For example, thyroid diseases may be associated with elevation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which is mainly of bone origin, in hyperthyroidism and aspartate aminotransferase in hypothyroidism. Liver diseases are also frequently associated with thyroid test abnormalities or dysfunctions, particularly elevation of thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroxine. Hepatitis C virus infection has been connected with thyroid abnormalities. In addition, antithyroid drug therapy may result in hepatitis, cholestasis or transient subclinical hepatotoxicity, whereas interferon (IFN) therapy in liver diseases may also induce thyroid dysfunctions. These thyroid-liver associations may cause diagnostic confusions. Neglect of these facts may result in over of under diagnosis of associated liver or thyroid diseases and thereby cause errors in patient care. It is suggested to measure free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which are usually normal in euthyroid patients with liver disease, to rule out or rule in coexistent thyroid dysfunctions, and consider the possibility of thyroid dysfunctions in any patients with unexplained liver biochemical test abnormalities. It is also advisable to monitor patients with autoimmune liver disease or those receiving IFN therapy for the development of thyroid dysfunctions, and patients receiving antithyroid therapy for the development of hepatic injuries.
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PMID:Clinical associations between thyroid and liver diseases. 754 16

Treatment with the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone results in alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism, and can induce either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism (amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis, AAT). AAT occurs in patients both with and without preexisting goiter. In our study of the nongoitrous variety, the effect in vitro of amiodarone treatment and of concurrent treatment with potential inhibitors on thyroid cells (FRTL-5) was assessed by measuring the release of radiolabeled chromium (51Cr). In addition, thyroid histopathology was evaluated in autopsy specimens from six amiodarone-treated patients who had no pretreatment evidence of thyroid disease. Histopathologic examination revealed minimal or no evidence of thyroid follicular damage in specimens from amiodarone-treated euthyroid patients (n = 4). In contrast, moderate to severe follicular damage and disruption were present in glands from patients with AAT (n = 2). Studies in vitro showed amiodarone to be cytotoxic to thyroid cells; this effect was inhibited by treatment with dexamethasone (10(-3) mmol) or perchlorate (2.5 micrograms/mL). In summary, we demonstrate evidence in vitro and in vivo of amiodarone-induced thyroid follicular damage and disruption in specimens from patients with nongoitrous AAT and in cultured normal thyroid cells. In addition, we demonstrate inhibition of this effect following treatment in vitro with dexamethasone or perchlorate. Our findings support the concept that nongoitrous (type I) AAT results from direct drug toxicity with disruption of thyroid follicles and subsequent release of preformed thyroid hormone.
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PMID:Nongoitrous (type I) amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: evidence of follicular disruption in vitro and in vivo. 758 Feb 65

A prospective study of 21 patients with the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was carried out. All patients had hepatomegaly and in 10 (48%) image studies were consistent with steatosis and/or fibrosis. Biochemically, there was increase of AST, ALT and cholesterol in 48%, of GGT in 52% and of alkaline phosphatase in 38%. 18 patients were obese, 2 of them diabetic, 2 others had a history of exposure to drugs (amiodarone and isopropilic alcohol) and the last one presented hypothyroidism. Liver biopsies were studied using a semiquantitative scale to evaluate the degree of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in a scale from 1 to 3. Results showed a medium score of 2.6 for steatosis, 1.5 for inflammation and 1.8 for fibrosis. Four patients had cirrhosis and Mallory bodies were found in 11 cases (52%). NASH is an oligosymptomatic disease that can be found in different clinical conditions, mainly obesity, and is more frequent in women. It is histologically indistinguishable from alcoholic steatohepatitis. It is frequently underdiagnosed clinically and must be taken into account as a possible cause of cryptogenetic cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]. 765 98


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