Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the histological progression of liver disease in 29 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. All patients were positive to antibodies to hepatitis C virus by ELISA2 and RIBA2. Two liver biopsies were carried out for each patient, with an interval ranging between 12 and 126 months (mean 50.2 +/- 30.7). In all cases the usual histological classification was applied and the histological activity index scoring system according to Knodell et al. was determined. Fifteen cases worsened (51.7%), 12 cases showed no histological changes (41.4%) and two patients improved (6.9%). Cirrhosis was found in five patients (18.5%) in the second liver biopsy. Epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and histological progression and the group with impairment in liver histology. Factors related to histological worsening were: more advanced age (p = 0.002), high levels of aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), high global histological activity index (p = 0.03) and piecemeal necrosis and bridging necrosis scores (p = 0.02) at first biopsy. The histological activity index can be applied to assess the natural history of chronic viral hepatitis, and is a good tool to evaluate the prognosis. Thus chronic hepatitis C virus infection is a histologically progressive disease in at least half the cases.
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PMID:Histological evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Factors related to progression. 752 89

The purpose of our study was to verify the correlation between biochemical and histological inflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C. The histological activity index (HAI) of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C was correlated with their transaminase activity. There was indeed a significant correlation between histological activity and the AST (r = 0.54, p = 0.0002) and ALT level (r = 0.36, p = 0.018) respectively. Due to considerable scatter of the results, transaminase activity did not allow reliable assessment of inflammatory activity in individual cases. In the majority, markedly elevated transaminase activity was associated with marked histological inflammatory activity, whereas normal or slightly elevated transaminase activity was found in all stages of inflammatory activity. To assess inflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C, a liberal indication for liver biopsy should therefore be adopted.
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PMID:[Transaminases and histological activity in chronic hepatitis C]. 753 91

Serum levels of soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (sLFA-3) in 122 patients with chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum levels of sICAM-1 in patients with HCC were significantly higher than those of chronic hepatitis (CH) and cirrhosis. On the other hand, serum levels of sLFA-3 in patients with HCC were almost the same as those of cirrhosis. Western blot analyses showed that molecular sizes of sICAM-1 and sLFA-3 detected in the sera were 90 kd and 50 kd, respectively, indicating that both molecules include whole extracellular domains. In patients with HCC, circulating sICAM-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) correlated with tumor volume (r = .50), total bilirubin (r = .38), serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = .51), and gamma-globulin (r = .63). Furthermore, serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with multiple HCC (tumor number > 3) or HCC with tumor embolus in the first branch or trunk of portal vein. Survival periods were analyzed in relation to serum sICAM-1 levels in patients with HCC who had been treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The HCC patients with < 1,000 ng/mL of serum ICAM-1 showed significantly (P = .0005) longer survival than those with higher levels of the molecule. The same results were obtained when only patients with moderately differentiated HCC were analyzed (P = .02). Analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model showed that sICAM-1 is a significant (P = .032) prognostic factor for patients with HCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is a marker of the disease progression and prognosis. 754 36

Forty two cases of confirmed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with available liver histology were studied. Most patients, 23 of 42 (55%) had abnormal liver function tests but 19 of 42 (45%) had persistently normal liver transaminases (mean aspartate transaminase (AST) 24.1 IU/l, mean follow up 10 months). Histological examinations in the group with normal AST activities were normal in two of 19 (11%), showed non-specific reactive hepatitis in eight of 19 (42%), chronic persistent hepatitis in six of 19 (31%), and chronic active hepatitis in three of 19 (16%). Twenty three of 42 (55%) had either persistently or temporary raised liver transaminases (mean AST 96.2 IU/l, mean follow up 16 months). Histological examinations in this second group with abnormal liver biochemistry showed reactive hepatitis in five of 23 (22%), chronic persistent hepatitis in six of 23 (26%), chronic active hepatitis in 10 of 23 (43%), and cirrhosis in two (9%). Average alcohol intake was significantly higher in the group within abnormal liver function (17.8 v 6.4 units, p = 0.01). Although serious pathology was more frequent in the abnormal transaminase group, significant liver pathology (chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic active hepatitis) was found in nine of 19 (47%) of cases with repeatedly normal transaminases. Liver biopsy is advised in all cases of chronic hepatitis C infection to accurately assess both the degree of fibrosis and the current activity of the disease.
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PMID:Liver histology in hepatitis C infection: a comparison between patients with persistently normal or abnormal transaminases. 755 81

We performed two courses of interferon-beta (IFN-beta) to a child with chronic hepatitis C. A complete response was not obtained by the first interferon treatment, however, the results of the second treatment differed from those of the first. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA remained negative and both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels remained normal after completion of the second course. From these results we estimated that HCV-RNA levels before IFN therapy could be significantly associated with the efficacy of this treatment. The serum level of HCV-RNA was 10(6) copies/50 microL before the first treatment, but was 10(3) copies/50 microL before the second course. We conclude that IFN therapy to children with hepatitis C should always be directed at providing a cure. Even if the clinical effects of the first course are minimal decreasing quantities of HCV-RNA still offer hope for cure by subsequent readministration.
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PMID:Relation between serum hepatitis C virus-RNA levels and efficacy of interferon-beta therapy. 757 60

For assessing the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in chronic hepatitis C, the relative frequency of CIC was determined in 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 15 asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, and 54 healthy controls. IgM and IgG containing CIC were studied using both C1q and conglutinin (K) in an immunoglobulin-specific solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. CIC were a common feature of chronic hepatitis C with 96.3% of patients with at least one abnormal test result. The prevalence of elevated IgG-K, IgM-K, IgG-C1q, and IgM-C1q CIC was 70.3%, 50.0%, 64.8%, and 35.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IgG class CIC was higher than IgM class CIC (P = 0.038 for K-CIC and P = 0.01 for C1q-CIC, respectively). There is correlation between IgG-K CIC and IgG-C1q CIC (r = 0.445, P = 0.002), IgG-K CIC and IgM-C1q CIC (r = 0.348, P = 0.020), IgM-K CIC and aspartic aminotransferase (r = 0.321, P = 0.015), IgM-K CIC and alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.301, P = 0.027). Compared to patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic lobular hepatitis, patients with chronic active hepatitis have a higher prevalence of elevated IgG-K CIC (77.2% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.029) and IgM-K CIC (56.8% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.038). The concentration of IgG-K, IgM-K, and IgM-C1q CIC in the former was significantly higher than that in the latter, respectively. In conclusion, IgG class CIC is the major type of CIC in chronic hepatitis C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatitis C. 762

The humoral response to the host cellular gene-derived epitope GOR (anti-GOR) was reported to be associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-GOR, sera from 31 patients (M/F, 19/12, age 30-72) with chronic HCV infection (anti-HCV+ in 30, HCV-RNA+ by PCR in 31) were tested for anti-GOR by enzyme immunoassay. Results were correlated with clinical, biochemical and histological features, and the subsequent response to interferon-alpha therapy (a complete response was defined as normalization of serum ALT at the completion of therapy; a sustained response was defined as having normal serum liver biochemistry during the entire follow-up period). Anti-GOR was detected in 21 patients [67.7%, median optical density (OD) reading 2.634, range 0.865-3.000, cut-off value 0.300]. There was no correlation between the presence or the OD reading of anti-GOR and the clinical features (sex, age, mode of acquisition), biochemical tests (serum ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels), autoimmune markers [serum globulin levels, anti-nuclear antibody (+ at < 1:80 in 6/31 patients)], and their subsequent response to interferon-alpha therapy (complete response in anti-GOR+ patients: 13/21, anti-GOR-: 5/10, p = NS; sustained response in anti-GOR+ patients: 5/21, anti-GOR-: 2/10, p = NS). There was also no correlation between anti-GOR and the histological features including Knodell score and its components including periportal inflammation, portal inflammation and fibrosis, the presence of lymphoid aggregates, macrovesicular and microvesicular fat, multinucleated hepatocytes, dysplasia, sinusoidal activity or bile duct lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Significance of antibody to the host cellular gene derived epitope GOR in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 752 85

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is probably released from a variety of cells, including leukocytes and endothelial cells at sites of inflammation or in the circulation, and serum levels may therefore be used to give an indication of immune activation and inflammatory processes. In the present study, an ELISA was used to measure serum ICAM-1 levels in 43 patients with chronic hepatitis C and these were correlated with histological changes in the liver and the response to interferon alpha treatment. Serum ICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection than in normal subjects and correlated positively with the grade of histological activity, in particular the degree of portal, periportal, and lobular inflammation, but not with the presence of lymphoid aggregates. There was also a weak but significant positive correlation between sICAM-1 and serum aspartate aminotransferase activities, and sICAM-1 levels were substantially greater in patients with than those without cirrhosis. Serum ICAM-1 levels fell significantly in 11 responders out of 19 patients treated with interferon alpha, whereas levels remained unchanged in the non-responder group. sICAM-1 levels correlate with the clinical status of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and fall with successful interferon treatment.
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PMID:Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in chronic hepatitis C: association with disease activity and response to interferon alpha. 773 71

We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) protein, and examined serum OCT concentrations in patients with various liver diseases. OCT concentrations were markedly elevated in cases of hepatic encephalopathy, 'acute on chronic', and those with the acute phase of acute hepatitis, moderately in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, and slightly in those with a fatty liver. High percentages (92-98%) of patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had higher than normal concentrations of serum OCT protein. There was a close correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and moderate correlations with those of mitochondrial AST, glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The OCT/ALT ratio was higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.001), and was still higher in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05). In 2 patients with 'acute on chronic' disease, OCT concentrations decreased similarly with or more rapidly than AST or ALT activities after admission. In 2 patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the OCT concentrations changed similarly with AST and ALT activities. This OCT ELISA system will aid in diagnosing various liver diseases and in the follow-up of the patients, and the OCT/ALT ratio may serve for a differential diagnosis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with liver diseases. 778 67

Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are the accepted sequelae of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the real natural history of HCV infection is not still well understood. To approach this problem, we investigated 91 individuals positive for antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), who have received annual liver function examination in a local town known to have had high carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Among the 91 anti-HCV-positive individuals, 63 had undertaken the annual examination more than five times in the past 14 years. We analyzed retrospectively the past liver function test results of these 63 subjects and evaluated their present virological status by determining HCV genotypes and estimating quantity of HCV RNA in the sera. Among the 63 subjects, 50 (79.4%) had HCV RNA in the serum and 40 (80%) of the 50 subjects with HCV RNA had abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level more than once in their records. However, the other 10 (20%) had no abnormal levels during the period examined. Six of 50 (12%) had ultrasonographic findings suggestive of cirrhosis. Thus, HCV-infected individuals in this area did not seem to have progressive liver diseases. Considering the advanced ages of the individuals examined (mean 64 years old), we may have observed a stage in the natural history of HCV infection in which viremia persists in most individuals and the tendency to progress to serious chronic liver disease is mild.
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PMID:A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. 785 Dec 13


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