Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prognostic effect of the peak level of serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST), estimated daily for 3--5 days after acute myocardial infarction, was studied in 560 patients who survived the first day in hospital. In a subgroup of 54 patients, peak enzyme levels correlated well with the cumulated CK release (r = 0.90 with peak CK, r = 0.74 with peak AST), thus reflecting the extent of myocardial necrosis. Total mortality within a year after infarction was not significantly different in the lower three quintiles of peak serum enzyme level, but increased from 15.5% to 27.9% (p less than 0.001) when peak CK level exceeded eight times the upper limit of normal (8 X N) and form 13.1% to 34.8% (p less than 0.001) when peak AST level exceeded five time the upper limit of normal (5 X N). The effect of high enzyme levels was more marked in patients with a prior history of myocardial infarction; mortality increased from 14.7% for first infarctions to 18.2% for recurrent infarctions, with peak CK greater than 8 X N, and from 27.0% for first infarctions to 38.0% for recurrent infarctions with peak CK greater than 8 X N. Early mortality was more significantly affected (p less than 0.0001) than late mortality (p less than 0.05). In hospital survivors, late deaths from cardiac decompensation were three times (p less than 0.05) more frequent in the high enzyme group as in the low enzyme group, but the number of sudden deaths was unaffected. These findings have important implications for studies of reduction of myocardial infarct size.
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PMID:Enzymatic indices of myocardial necrosis: influence on short- and long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction. 75 3

Serum aminoacylase was assayed in 242 patients with various internal disases. The enzyme activity was normal in 89 cases without hepatic involvement and above normal in all forms of liver disease, the highest values being seen in acute viral hepatitis. Obstructive liver disease and hepatic carcinoma likewise caused a distinct enzyme increase, but this elevation was referred to secondary liver damage as in cases of congestive heart failure. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and aminoacylase activities were closely correlated, and aminoacylase is regarded as a sensitive and specific indicator of hepatic affections.
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PMID:Clinical application of a new method for the determination of aminoacylase in human serum. 117

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

The epidemiological, clinical and clinical pathological findings in 20 cattle and 4 sheep from 15 outbreaks of poultry litter toxicity in South Africa over the past 6 years are documented. In 6 outbreaks, the litter emanated from batteries where maduramicin had been incorporated into rations of broilers. According to circumstantial evidence the litter involved in the 9 other outbreaks was also derived from broilers which had been fed on rations containing an ionophore. The litter was fed ad libitum to the affected stock or constituted 30-80% by volume of their rations. The principal sign manifested was sudden mortality of up to 70% of the herd or flock, usually within 20-40 days of commencement of feeding of poultry litter. A few cattle developed signs of congestive heart failure, and stiffness was commonly seen in sheep. In a dosing trial with poultry litter involving 1 steer and 6 sheep, the steer and a sheep died suddenly and a second sheep was destroyed in extremis. Tachycardia and/or cardiac arrythmia were recorded in 5 sheep, and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in the sera of 4 was elevated. Since the cardiac lesions in field cases were similar to those of ionophore poisoning and broiler rations containing maduramicin was a common factor in several outbreaks, toxic litter from some of these outbreaks were tested for the presence of this compound. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of litter from 2 specimens of outbreaks revealed that they contained 2.5 ppm and 6.1 ppm maduramicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiomyopathy of ruminants induced by the litter of poultry fed on rations containing the ionophore antibiotic, maduramicin. I. Epidemiology, clinical signs and clinical pathology. 178 Jan 31

To characterize the incidence and severity of liver function abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure, we analyzed systemic hemodynamics and biochemical profiles in 133 patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure, secondary to a dilated cardiomyopathy. The patients were divided into three groups, based on the severity of the reduction in cardiac index (CI). The mean values of all liver function tests in groups 1 (n = 43; CI greater than or equal to 2.0 L/min/m2) and 2 (n = 48; CI greater than 1.5 and less than 2.0 L/min/m2) were essentially normal, except for minimally elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and slightly decreased albumin levels in both groups, and slight increases in levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and total bilirubin in group 2. In contrast, group 3 patients (n = 42; CI less than or equal to 1.5 L/min/m2) had the most severe heart failure, as assessed by the lowest CI and highest cardiac filling pressures, and significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (65 +/- 82 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (77 +/- 102 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (282 +/- 91 U/L), and total bilirubin (29 +/- 14 mumol/L [1.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dL]). The percentage of patients in group 3 with these abnormalities ranged between 27% and 80%. Although linear regression analysis showed that the elevations in right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures, and the decreases in CI, were significantly correlated with liver function abnormalities, the correlation coefficients were small. Thus, liver function abnormalities remain common in patients with congestive heart failure but are generally small in magnitude and not associated with clinically apparent hepatic disease. It is likely that reduced forward flow and passive backward congestion are both contributing factors in the pathogenesis of these biochemical abnormalities, although nonhemodynamic factors may also be important.
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PMID:Liver function abnormalities in chronic heart failure. Influence of systemic hemodynamics. 360 80

In 67 patients with a clinical history of suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) who developed T-wave inversions in standard ECG and had normal serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (possible MI) the clinical outcome was compared with that in patients fulfilling criteria for subendocardial infarction. Patients with possible MI had a lower mortality (p = 0.02) and also a lower reinfarction rate (p = 0.14) during the first 2 years as compared with those with subendocardial MI. Although patients with subendocardial MI had more problems with chest pain in the acute phase, angina pectoris occurred more frequently in patients with possible MI during a longer follow-up period. Congestive heart failure occurred more frequently in patients with subendocardial MI during initial hospitalization, whereas treatment for heart failure appeared similar in the two groups during a longer follow-up time. We conclude that the clinical course in patients with possible MI, here defined as chest pain and appearance of T-wave inversions without elevation of serum enzyme activity, seems to differ from that in patients with subendocardial MI, particularly regarding long-term survival and incidence of angina pectoris.
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PMID:Appearance of T-wave inversions without raised serum enzyme activity in suspected acute myocardial infarction: clinical outcome in relation to subendocardial infarction. 370 48

We examined the efficacy of long-term subcutaneous deferoxamine therapy in the prevention of iron-related cardiac disease in patients with thalassemia major who began treatment after the age of 10 years. Of 36 such patients without preexisting cardiac disease, 19 did not comply with the program of chelation therapy. Over the course of treatment (1977 to 1983) serum ferritin and aspartate aminotransferase levels fell in the compliant group, from mean values (+/- S.D.) of 4765 +/- 2610 to 2950 +/- 1850 ng per milliliter and 58.1 +/- 22 IU to 30 +/- 20 IU per liter, respectively (P less than 0.05), but rose in the noncompliant group, from 5000 +/- 2316 to 6040 +/- 2550 ng per milliliter and 56.6 +/- 20 to 90 +/- 35 IU per liter, respectively. Only one patient in the compliant group acquired cardiac disease and died of fulminant congestive heart failure. In contrast, 12 noncompliant patients acquired cardiac disease, and 7 died. In addition, the mean age of the compliant population (18.9 +/- 4.5 years) now approaches the mean age of acquisition of cardiac disease in the noncompliant group (19 +/- 4.3). These data demonstrate that compliance with treatment with deferoxamine may protect patients from cardiac disease induced by iron overload.
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PMID:Prevention of cardiac disease by subcutaneous deferoxamine in patients with thalassemia major. 400 Jan 98

Twenty beef calves weighing approximately 180 kg were allotted to 3 groups. In group A, 6 calves were given 25 mg of mycelial monensin/kg of body weight orally and were evaluated at 1, 2, and 4 days for clinical, ECG, clinicopathologic, and pathologic alterations. In group B, 7 calves were given a single dose of monensin (40 mg/kg) and 5 were given a 2nd 40 mg/kg dose on day 7; calves were evaluated at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 11. In group C, 2 calves served as controls. Monensin-treated calves developed anorexia, diarrhea, and lethargy after day 1. One group B calf died on day 7 with lesions of congestive heart failure. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were not observed in group A calves; in group B, prolongation of Q-T and QRS intervals occurred from days 2 to 11 and first degree heart block was seen from days 7 to 11. Clinicopathologic alterations included: increased serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase in group B calves after day 2; decreased serum K+, Na+, and Ca2+ concentrations in both groups, and postdosing occurrence of leukocytosis. Calves were euthanatized sequentially and the lesions of monensin toxicosis were present in the heart, skeletal muscles, and rumen in groups A and B. Disseminated pale yellowish-brown areas of necrosis were present in the ventricular myocardium of 6 of 12 group B calves. Gross lesions were not present in the skeletal muscles or rumen. Microscopically, the myocardial and skeletal muscular lesions were characterized by sarcoplasmic vacuolation from mitochondrial swelling and lipid accumulation in calves killed after day 1 in groups A and B, and by myocardial necrosis with contraction bands, but without calcification, in group B calves killed by day 4. Acute rumenitis was present in groups A and B calves. Myotoxic effects of monensin may be related to its action as an ionophore producing altered intracellular ion concentrations and initiating degeneration and necrosis in striated muscle fibers.
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PMID:Clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic alterations in acute monensin toxicosis in cattle. 665 Sep 60

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 131 cats during a 3 1/2-year period. The cats ranged in age from 6 to 20 years; there was no breed or sex predilection. The most frequent clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, increased activity, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high values for alkaline phosphatase activity (75%), lactate dehydrogenase activity (66%), aspartate transaminase activity (66%), and alanine transaminase activity (54%). Electrocardiographic changes included tachycardia (greater than or equal to 240 beats/min) and increased R-wave amplitude in lead II (greater than or equal to 0.9 mV) in 66% and 29% of the 131 cats, respectively. Thoracic radiography in 82 cats revealed cardiomegaly in 40 (49%) of these cats; 16 cats with congestive heart failure also had pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. In 5 cats with markedly increased fecal volume, mean 48-hour fecal fat content was significantly greater than normal, with daily fat excretion 2 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. Base-line serum thyroxine concentrations were increased above normal range in all cats, whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in 127 (97%) of the 131 cats. In 11 cats tested, mean thyroxine concentration did not increase significantly after thyroid-stimulating hormone administration. Mean 24-hour percentage of thyroid radioiodine uptake in 32 hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (39.1%) than normal (9.2%). Thyroid scans, performed on 126 cats, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 36 (29%) and both lobes in 90 (71%) of the cats.
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PMID:Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. 687 10

Congestive heart failure usually features a mild to moderate increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. A marked increase in AST may occur rarely and is usually preceded by prolonged shock or hypotensive episodes and is accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia. I report two patients with congestive heart failure in whom the AST activity was greater than 8000 U/L. No prior episodes of shock or hypotension occurred in these patients and the accompanying increase in bilirubin was slight. In both cases, the enzyme activity decreased sharply with improvement in the patients' circulatory status. Recognition of this entity is important to distinguish it from viral or drug-induced hepatitis.
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PMID:Markedly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in congestive heart failure. 688 70


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