Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blastocrithidia culicis, Crithidia deanei, Crithidia fasciculata, Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, Leptomonas seymouri and Leishmania tarentolae grown in cultures were compared by electrophoretic mobility for isoenzymes in 6 enzymes. All species were found distinct in these characteristics. Endosymbiotic C. deanei, which was identical to the aposymbiotic C. deanei in 5 enzymes, had an extra band in aspartate aminotransferase. No differences in isoenzymes were found between members of one species maintained in 2 different culture media.
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PMID:Five trypanosomatid species of insects distinguished by isoenzymes. 16 88

A tetrazolium staining medium incorporated in a gel has been used in a histochemical study of enzymes in thin sections of heart muscle. Formazan distribution patterns given by mitochondrial enzymes were inconsistent with the location of these enzymes revealed by the extraction of whole tissue. Similar stain distributions were given by lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. The distribution given by succinate dehydrogenase was not the same as that given by cytochrome oxidase stained by a different technique. Alcohol dehydrogenase added to the tissue assumed a distribution which suggested some adsorption of the enzyme to the tissue. But experiments suggested that this enzyme was not firmly bound to muscle proteins in the manner of some glycolytic enzymes.
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PMID:Localization in cardiac muscle of some enzymes related to glutamate metabolism. 16 67

The initial appearance of a number of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis was investigated in the early embryogenesis of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and chicken-quail hybrids. Starch gel electrophoresis and enzyme-specific stains revealed genetic differences between muscle and liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) as well as malic enzyme (ME) and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) isozymes of the two species. ME and AAT were present in unfertilized unincubated eggs, indicating maternal storage of these enzymes. The initial expression of the paternally inherited genes in the hybrid occurred before oviposition in the case of ME, and between 12 and 18 hr incubation in the case of AAT. Initial expression of both parental sets of genes for FDPase occurred synchronously between 16 and 24 hr in the hybrid, corresponding to the time of initial appearance of this enzyme in the quail and chicken. Glucose 6-phosphate administration at 0 hr was found to cause no prevention or delay of initial enzyme activation. These results are interpreted in terms of early patterns of enzyme activation regulation and nutrition in the avian embryo.
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PMID:Initial expression of the genes for fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, malic enzyme, and aspartate aminotransferase in Japanese quail and chicken--quail hybrid embryos. 17 Sep 9

We investigated the enzyme activity of the blank in the spectrophotometric determination of the aminotransferase activities and aspartate aminotransferase activity. 6 lactate dehydrogenase and 3 malate dehydrogenase preparations from different manufactures and from different organs showed additional and contaminating activity. The additional activity depends upon the 2-oxoglutarate concentration. The contaminating activity is caused by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the auxiliary enzymes. We propose that exact definitions must be given for the auxiliary enzymes in the recommendations of standard determinations for enzyme activities.
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PMID:Influence of auxiliary enzymes on the spectrophotometric measurement of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. 17 28

Spin-labeled analogues of vitamin B6: 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-N-oxylpiperydinyl-4-(5' phosphopyridoxyl)-amine (1) and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-N-oxyl-piperydinyl-4-(pyridoxal-5')-phosphate (II) are synthesized. There analogues were shown to interact in the equimolar ratio with the active site of cytosol aspartate transaminase. It was proved by CD-titration of apotransaminase with I and II and by competition between the coenzyme and synthesized analogues. The free valency of spin-labeled coenzymes immediately disappears after interaction with the apoenzyme due to iminoxyl group reduction. The binding of I and II with the apoenzyme is accompanied by oxidation of one of the inner cysteine residues. The reactivation of the modified apoenzyme with PLP is not less than 65% of original transaminase activity. The analysis of space-filling atomic models of synthesized compounds allows to conclude that the distance between the centre of pyridine ring of the coenzyme and the modified thiol group is not more than 8 A.
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PMID:[Interaction of spin-labeled analogues of vitamin B 6 with the active site of apotransaminase]. 17 69

Quantitative determination of LP-X, abnormal serum low density lipoprotein, was performed on the sera of 620 patients with jaundice in two medical centers, one in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the other in Birmingham, England. The results of serial assays over a period of 5 to 8 days after patient admission to hospital or after onset of jaundice, if this occurred in hospital, correlated best with the type and management of jaundice. In some cases of early cholestatic disease of extrahepatic origin LP-X may be absent, but after the observation period it was found that only 1 of 81 (98%) patients with obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct system remained negative. Of the remainder, 74 (91%) had or developed levels of LP-X exceeding 300 mg per 100 ml. In addition, 43 (88%) of 49 subjects followed serially showed increases in LP-X concentration, with no change in 3 patients. Of 539 subjects with intrahepatic disease, 14 (26.5%) were LP-X positive and 27 (19.4%) of these had initial LP-X levels higher than 300 mg per 100 ml. During the follow-up period, 35 (74%) of 47 patients with intrahepatic disease showed a reduction of LP-X; of the remaining 12 patients 4 had mitochondrial antibody-positive primary biliary cirrhosis, and 6 had severe cholestasis associated with acute infectious hepatitis and high aspartate transaminase levels. Similar figures for alkaline phosphatase showed less consistent changes during the follow-up period. In this retrospective appraisal the trends and absolute levels of LP-X, in addition to the use of similarly followed levels of the routine liver function tests, allowed better differentiation of jaundice requiring surgical correction from that remediable by medical means exclusively than did the use of the routine liver function tests alone. In addition, LP-X is specific for liver dysfunction, whereas other routine liver function tests are not.
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PMID:Utilization of the quantitative assay of lipoprotein X in the differential diagnosis of extraphepatic obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic diseases. 17 11

Five infants with symptomatic cytomegalovirus infections and high urinary titers of cytomegalovirus were treated with interferon in doses of 1.7-3.5 X 10(5) reference units/kg per day for seven to 14 days. Six courses of treatment were given. One of two infants treated with the largest dose of interferon had transient suppression of viruria; no suppression was noted during the other five courses of treatment. Adverse effects noted included a low rate of weight gain, a transient elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and fever. Further trials are needed to determine whether larger doses of a more purified preparation of interferon will eliminate viruria in infants with sytomegalovirus infection, but careful assessment of toxicity will be necessary in this population of patients.
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PMID:Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus by infants. 18 Feb 1

A standard preparation of immune serum globulin containing a titer of immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis A antibody of 1:3,200 neutralized the infectivity of MS-1 serum. An inoculation of MS-1 serum was followed by the following evidence of hepatitis A infection in eight of 14 seronegative recipients: (1) abnormal values for serum aspartate aminotransferase after an incubation period of 29-42 days, and (2) no detectable immune adherence hemagglutination hepatitis A antibody (less than 1:5) before exposure, and an eightfold or greater increase in antibody titer during convalescence. In contrast, inoculation of the mixture of MS-1 serum and immune serum globulin was followed by (1) normal values for aspartate aminotransferase in all eight seronegative recipients, and (2) evidence of an antibody response (indicating subclinical infection) in two of the eight. Under the conditions of this study, the use of the preparation of immune serum globulin described prevented or modified hepatitis A infection.
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PMID:Effect of human immune serum globulin on infectivity of hepatitis A virus. 18 98

1)The time course of changes in concentration of renal metabolites in response to a non-toxic load of NH4 as NH4 Cl or NH4HCO3 were measured in fasted rats. 2) Following a NH4Cl load, decrease of renal concentration of 2-oxoglutarate occurs but this change is delayed in relation to the peak of the blood ammonia concentration and persists after disappearance of the hyperammoniemia. 3) Following a NH4HCO3 load, the oxoglutarate concentration changes are less marked and more transient. 4) No close relationship between the mitochondrial free NAD/NADH ratio calculated from the glutamate dehydrogenase and the 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase systems were seen during alteration of the ammonia concentration. 5) Contrary to the observations in the liver under similar circumstances (BROSNAN, J.T. et al.: Biochem.J. 138, 453, 1974), no increase in kidney tissue or renal venous blood alanine or aspartate concentration are seen. 6) A constant infusion of NH4HCO3 resulted only in an increase in tissue and renal venous blood glutamine concentration. 7) The infusion of NH4 together with a carbon source (malate) resulted in a similar increase in tissue glutamine concentration and more striking increase in renal venous glutamine concentration. No accumulation of aspartate nor alanine were seen. 8) In vitro studies indicate that the net flux through both the aspartate aminotransferase and the glutamate dehydrogenase reactions is dependent on the concentration of the reactants as expected for a near-equilibrium system. 9) It is concluded that the kidney response to an ammonia load differs from that of the liver despite the existence of a similar network of near-equilibrium reactions of (1) a lack of local availability of oxaloacetate, (2) a lower activity of alanine aminotransferase, (3) a greater in vivo activity of glutamine synthetase.
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PMID:Effect of an ammonia load on the kidney near-equilibrium systems in the rat in vivo. 18 80

The response of guinea pig macrophages to migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is altered by several chemical treatments. Treatment of macrophages with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid (5 x 10(-6) to 4 x 10(-4) M) significantly increases the response of these cells to MIF. Treatment with acetic anhydride also augments the response of these cells to MIF. The latter finding suggests that alteration of amino, hydroxyl, or sulfhydryl groups is involved in this phenomenon. Treatment of macrophages with sodium periodate (2 x 10(-5) to 10(-3) M) which is known to oxidize cis-glycols and with hydroxylamine (2 x 10(-5) to 2 x 10(-3) M), which reacts with carbonyl groups also increases response to MIF. The following experiments suggest that the significant alteration occurs at the level of the cell surface. Incubation of macrophages with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid at 4 degrees C, at which temperature pinocytosis is largely inhibited, is sufficient to increase the MIF response. The activity of the cytoplasmic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, which in homogenates is susceptible to inactivation by low concentrations of the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, is not decreased when intact macrophages are incubated with high concentrations of the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that modification of different functional groups on the macrophage surface causes the same physiologic effect.
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PMID:Chemical treatment of macrophages increases their responsiveness to migration inhibitory factor (MIF). 18 95


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