Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.61 (porphobilinogen deaminase)
 637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cis-acting sequences, recognized by two erythroid-specific trans-acting factors, are involved in the regulation of the erythroid promoter of the human gene coding for porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). The first region, located at -70, binds the erythroid factor NF-E1, and point mutations within this region abolish the induction of transcription of this promoter during murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation. The second region, located at -160, binds the erythroid-specific factor NF-E2 and the ubiquitous factor AP1. Using UV cross-linking, we show that NF-E2 has a higher molecular weight than AP1, demonstrating that NF-E2 is not an erythroid-specific degradation product of AP1. By point mutagenesis of the NF-E2/AP1 binding site, we define mutations that abolish binding of either NF-E2 alone or AP1 and NF-E2 together. Regulation of transcription of the PBGD erythroid promoter is abolished by those mutations, suggesting that NF-E2 but not AP1 is necessary for correct regulation of this promoter in erythroid cells.
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PMID:Cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the regulation of the erythroid promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. 277 41

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an autosomal dominant inborn error of heme biosynthesis, results from the half-normal activity of the heme biosynthetic enzyme hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMB-synthase). Heterozygous individuals are prone to life-threatening acute neurologic attacks, which are precipitated by certain drugs and other metabolic, hormonal, and nutritional factors. Since the biochemical diagnosis of heterozygous individuals has been problematic, recent efforts have focused on the identification of mutations and diagnostically useful restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the HMB-synthase gene. To facilitate these endeavors, the human HMB-synthase gene, including 1.1 kg of the 5' flanking region, was isolated and completely sequenced in both orientations. The 10,024-bp gene contained 15 exons ranging in size from 39 to 438 bp and 14 introns ranging from 87 to 2913 bp. All intron/exon boundaries conformed to the GT/AG consensus rule. There were six Alu repetitive elements, one of the J and five of the Sa subfamilies. Analysis of the 1.1-kb 5' flanking region revealed putative regulatory elements for the housekeeping promoter including AP1, AP4, SP1, TRE, ENH, and CAC. This region contained 10 HpaII sites and had an overall GC content of 54%. Intron 1, which contained the erythroid-specific promoter, had putative regulatory motifs for NF-1, NF-E1, NF-E1(b), NF-E2, AP1, AP4, TOPO, CAAC, CAC, CAAT, and TATA. The locations and variant nucleotides for the known RFLPs in intron 1 were identified [MspI, nucleotide 1345 G/A; PstI, 1500 C/T; ApaLI, 2377 C/A; and BstNI, 2479 G/A] and improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods for each were established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hydroxymethylbilane synthase: complete genomic sequence and amplifiable polymorphisms in the human gene. 791 36

We have previously shown that the widely expressed human transcription factor TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 interacts with small Maf proteins and binds to a subclass of AP1-sites. Such sites are required for beta-globin 5' DNase I hypersensitive site 2 enhancer activity, erythroid porphobilinogen deaminase inducibility, hemin responsiveness by heme-oxygenase 1 and expression of the gene NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1. Here we report the optimal DNA-binding sequences for TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 alone and as a heterodimer with MafG, identified by using binding-site selection. The heterodimer recognises a 5'-TGCTgaGTCAT-3' binding-site that is identical to the established NF-E2-site, the antioxidant response element and the heme-responsive element while the binding specificity of the homomer is less stringent. To investigate the activity of TCF11 through this selected site, both alone and in the presence of MafG, we have used a transient transfection assay. TCF11 alone activates transcription while MafG alone acts as a repressor. When co-expressed, MafG interferes with TCF11 transactivation in a dose dependent manner. This indicates that MafG protein, which heterodimerises efficiently with TCF11 in vitro (the heterodimer having a higher affinity for DNA than TCF11 alone), does not co-operate with TCF11 in transactivating transcription. We propose that since both these factors are widely expressed, they may act together to contribute to the negative regulation of this specific target site. Efficient positive regulation by TCF11 may require alternative partners with perhaps more restricted expression patterns.
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PMID:Interaction of the CNC-bZIP factor TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 with MafG: binding-site selection and regulation of transcription. 942 8