Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.47 (cysteine synthase)
 625 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A wide spectrum of human lung diseases is characterized by the presence of granulomas. Although understanding of the pathways leading to their development remains incomplete, data from in vitro studies suggest that neutrophils, monocytes, and their secreted products (eg, hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) influence the pathogenesis of pulmonary granulomatous disease through the regulation of local chemokine and cytokine production. Using a well-characterized rat model of glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis, we sought to determine the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH) redox status in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Previous studies have revealed that vascular wall MCP-1 expression is obligatory for granuloma development and that both neutrophils and hydrogen peroxide are required for MCP-1 induction. Because in vitro expression of MCP-1 is in part mediated by the redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), we studied their activation as a function of varying intracellular GSH redox status in the pathogenesis of glucan-induced pulmonary granulomatosis. Infusion of particulate yeast cell wall glucan into rats resulted in a rapid decrease in intracellular GSH concentrations which was accompanied by the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. The pattern of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation in turn correlated temporally with the expression of MCP-1. Administration of L-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular GSH pools. GSH depletion resulted in a more than 100% increase in pulmonary MCP-1 concentrations and increased cytosolic to nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB while having no effect on AP-1 levels. These observations suggest that in the pathogenesis of pulmonary granulomatous disease, intracellular glutathione redox status modulates the expression of MCP-1 through redox-sensitive transcription factors.
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PMID:Intracellular glutathione redox status modulates MCP-1 expression in pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis. 1041 24

The exoproteome of Staphylococcus aureus contains enzymes and virulence factors that are important for host adaptation. We investigated the exoprotein profiles and cytokine/chemokine responses obtained in three different S. aureus-host interaction scenarios by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and two-dimensional immunoblotting (2D-IB) combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and cytometric bead array techniques. The scenarios included S. aureus bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and healthy carriage. By the 2-DGE approach, 12 exoproteins (the chaperone protein DnaK, a phosphoglycerate kinase [Pgk], the chaperone GroEL, a multisensor hybrid histidine kinase, a 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase [PanB], cysteine synthase A, an N-acetyltransferase, four isoforms of elongation factor Tu [EF-Tu], and one signature protein spot that could not be reliably identified by MS/MS) were found to be consistently present in more than 50% of the bacteremia isolates, while none of the SSTI or healthy-carrier isolates showed any of these proteins. By the 2D-IB approach, we also identified five antigens (methionine aminopeptidase [MetAPs], exotoxin 15 [Set15], a peptidoglycan hydrolase [LytM], an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase [AhpC], and a haptoglobin-binding heme uptake protein [HarA]) specific for SSTI cases. Cytokine and chemokine production varied during the course of different infection types and carriage. Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) was more highly stimulated in bacteremia patients than in SSTI patients and healthy carriers, especially during the acute phase of infection. MIG could therefore be further explored as a potential biomarker of bacteremia. In conclusion, 12 exoproteins from bacteremia isolates, MIG production, and five antigenic proteins identified during SSTIs should be further investigated for potential use as diagnostic markers.
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PMID:Comparative Exoproteomics and Host Inflammatory Response in Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Bacteremia, and Subclinical Colonization. 2580 33