Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetic traits that confer increased susceptibility to DNA and chromosomal damage from reactive epoxide and peroxides could be important individual risk factors in the development of human cancers. To provide an index of individual sensitivity to expoxides, we previously studied sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes and identified a trait involving sensitivity to chromosomal damage by monoepoxybutene and diepoxybutane (DEB), both potential carcinogenic metabolites of 1,3-butadiene. Individuals sensitive to DEB induction of SCEs also had an increased number of background or "spontaneous" SCEs. The present investigation was conducted to test whether a newly described deletion polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase class theta (GSTT1) was significantly associated with the previously described inherited chromosomal sensitivity to DEB. The background and DEB-induced SCE frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 78 healthy volunteers were determined with the use of fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. The presence or absence of the homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene was determined for each participant using PCR methods. In the present study, we report a close correlation of the DEB sensitivity trait with the novel polymorphism in GSTT1. The GSTT1 polymorphism was also highly associated with the background frequencies of SCE. These studies raise the possibility that DBE is a substrate for GST-theta. Individuals who carry a homozygous deletion of the GSTT1 gene may be at increased risk for genotoxic damage from environmental or occupational 1,3-butadiene exposures. The association of the GSTT1 deletion polymorphism with increases in background SCEs indicates that substrates for this isozyme are encountered commonly in the environment or are endogenous in nature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gene deletion of glutathione S-transferase theta: correlation with induced genetic damage and potential role in endogenous mutagenesis. 760

The magnitude of health risks to workers associated with current and past exposures to butadiene has been the subject of considerable recent debate. Butadiene is metabolized in-vivo and in-vitro to the genotoxic intermediates 3,4-epoxybutene and diepoxybutane. Studies in animals and in-vitro systems have clearly demonstrated that 1,3-butadiene is a genotoxin and a potent inducer of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Data on the genotoxicity of butadiene in humans is, however, limited. Epidemiologic data indicate that butadiene is a probable human carcinogen. Recent work has further demonstrated that cultured lymphocytes from the approximately 20% of the Caucasian population that lack the glutathione S-transferase class theta gene (GSTT1) are relatively sensitive to the induction of cytogenetic damage by butadiene metabolites. In order to test whether butadiene exposure was associated with increases in SCE frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes and whether any increase observed could be affected by the DEB sensitivity-GSTT1 deletion, we studied 40 workers employed in the production of butadiene. In these workers baseline frequencies of SCEs, diepoxybutane-induced SCE frequencies and GSTT1 deletion status were assessed. Questionnaires were administered to each worker and exposure to 1,3-butadiene was determined using three separate approaches. Industrial hygiene personal sampling was used to measure breathing zone butadiene exposure and urine was collected to use in measurement of the urinary butadiene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl-S-)-butane (M1). Exposure to butadiene was generally below 2 ppm. The urinary metabolite M1 was found in all workers, but it did not correlate significantly with exposure. Six of 40 of the workers were GST theta-deleted DEB sensitive. No measure of acute or chronic exposure to butadiene was associated with an increase in SCE frequency. However, smoking and DEB sensitivity-GSTT1 null status were each significantly associated with elevations in baseline SCE frequency.
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PMID:Sister-chromatid exchanges, glutathione S-transferase theta deletion and cytogenetic sensitivity to diepoxybutane in lymphocytes from butadiene monomer production workers. 852 42

Korea has the highest incidence of thyroid cancer of any nation. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of the association between the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the Korean population and polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, glutathione S-transferase class mu (GSTM1), and glutathione S-transferase class theta (GSTT1). The study subjects consisted of 2,194 newly diagnosed PTC cases and 1,669 population-based healthy controls. Odds ratios adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level, family history of thyroid cancer, and previous history of thyroid disease, with 95% confidence intervals, were estimated using logistic regression analysis. The frequencies of MTHFR 677TT genotypes, and null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were 19.2, 56.8, and 51.4% among PTC cases and 17.4, 54.1, and 50.6% among the controls, respectively. No significant associations between PTC and TT genotypes of MTHFR C677T, null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1, or double-null (GSTM1-GSTT1) genotypes were found. These findings suggest that polymorphisms of the MTHFR C677T, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes do not contribute to the development of PTC susceptibility in the Korean population.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and glutathione S-transferase are not associated with the risk of papillary thyroid cancer in Korean population. 2453 71