Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thie biological effect of low dose radiation is little known. In the current study male Wistar rats were exposed monthly to a 60Co-source low dose whole body irradiation (0.25 Gy, per 18 months; total dose: 4.5 Gy). The glutathione disulphide (GSSH): total glutathione (GSH) ratio, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase in: small intestine, spleen, kidney, soleus muscle, and liver were analysed. Low dose irradiation is accompanied by distinct peroxidative changes in organs, observed in the small intestine, the spleen and in the kidneys. The current study suggests that the measurement of glutathione status and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances can be proposed as sensitive parameters for low dose radiation induced changes.
Pol J Occup Med Environ Health 1992
PMID:Effect of low dose ionizing irradiation on rat metabolism. 975 55

The aim of this study was tracing of changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione transferase (GSH S-Tr), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) in the brain as a result of diet enrichment with antioxidants: selenium (Se), vitamin E and vitamin B15 (pangamic acid). The experiment was carried out on Wistar rats with initial body weight 150 g. Following prolonged enrichment of diet with Se (0.1 ppm of sodium selenite), vitamin E (6 mg/100 g of diet) and vitamin B15 (2.5 mg/100 g of diet) the following results were obtained. The activity of GSHPx in brain microsomes was not changed after one year of vitamin E administration when it was measured against hydrogen hydroxide and against cumene hydrochloride; vitamin E administration increased the activity of GSH S-Tr in the cytoplasmic fraction of brain cells. Diet enrichment with selenium increased after 12 and 18 months the activity of GSHPx measured against both substrates, and GSH S-Tr activity increased considerably. Presence of vitamin B15 in diet reduced GSHPx activity after one-year or longer administration, after 18 months the activity of GSH S-Tr was reduced also. No changes were noted in the activity of AspAT and A1AT.
Acta Physiol Pol
PMID:The effect of long-term enrichment of diet with selenium, vitamin E and B15 on the activity of certain enzymes in rat brain. 345 69

We have generated a series of fusion proteins carrying portions of subunit IIc, the second largest subunit of Drosophila RNA polymerase I, and have used them in a domain interference assay to identify a fragment of the IIc subunit that carries the binding site for a basal transcription factor. Fusion proteins carrying a subunit IIc fragment spanning residues Ala519-Gly992 strongly inhibit promoter-driven transcription in both unfractionated nuclear extracts and in reconstituted systems. The same fusion proteins similarly inhibit dTFIIF stimulation of Pol II elongation on dC-tailed templates, suggesting that the IIc(A519-G992) fragment, which carries conserved regions D-H, interferes with transcription by binding to dTFIIF. Finally, dTFIIF can be specifically cross-linked to a GST-IIc(A519-G992) fusion protein or to subunit IIc in intact Pol II.
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PMID:Identifying a transcription factor interaction site on RNA polymerase II. 748 60

The entire cDNA encoding the large subunit of mouse DNA polymerase delta (mPol delta; EC 2.7.7.7) has been cloned and expressed in various bacterial expression systems. A soluble protein could only be obtained when mPol delta was produced as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein and the incubation temperature of the expression strain was reduced to 30 degrees C. After purification over a glutathione-Sepharose column, the fractions containing the recombinant (re-) fusion protein showed both DNA Pol and 3'-->5' Exo activities. In situ activity gel analysis indicated that the Pol activity resides in the re-protein. This activity, however, was not stimulated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Our data are discussed in the view of the findings of Goulian et al. [J. Biol. Chem., 265 (1990) 16402-16411] that the second mPol delta subunit, the 48-kDa protein, might play an important role in DNA Pol delta-PCNA interaction.
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PMID:Production of active mouse DNA polymerase delta in bacteria. 760 49

The Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) protease has been cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-2T, expressed in fusion with the glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma japonicum, and purified to apparent homogeneity after thrombin cleavage of the chimeric protein. The purified protease showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and was inhibited by several aspartyl protease inhibitors, found to be active toward the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease. Peptides representing maturation cleavage sites in Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins were accurately cleaved by the recombinant protease, and kinetic parameters have been determined. In addition, oligopeptides mimicking the cleavage site found in the transmembrane protein and leading to the formation of p15E and p2E were also hydrolyzed at the expected position. The Mo-MuLV protease appears to be more closely related to the HIV-1 protease than to the mouse mammary tumor virus enzyme, based on its substrate specificity and sensitivity to aspartyl protease inhibitors.
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PMID:Moloney murine leukemia virus protease: bacterial expression and characterization of the purified enzyme. 837 34

Mouse RNA polymerase I (Pol I) has, besides its 11 bona fide subunits, three polymerase associated factors, termed PAF53, 51 and 49 with respect to the size of each molecule. In order to analyze the function of PAFs, cDNA encoding PAF53 was isolated using an oligonucleotide probe derived from an oligopeptide sequence. The cDNA of PAF53 predicts a polypeptide of 434 amino acids with a sequence similarity to yeast Pol 1 49 kDa subunit. Anti-PAF53 antibody does not block the random transcription activity of Pol I, but blocks specific transcription from mouse ribosomal RNA promoter, demonstrating the requirement of PAF53 in the accurate initiation of Pol I transcription. Moreover, PAF53 interacted with mouse UBF in vitro, as revealed by Far-Western blotting and GST pull down assays. These results, together with the accumulation of PAF53 in the nucleolus of growing cells, suggest that PAF53 is involved in the formation of the initiation complex at the promoter by mediating the interaction between Pol I and UBF for the active rRNA synthesis.
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PMID:RNA polymerase I associated factor 53 binds to the nucleolar transcription factor UBF and functions in specific rDNA transcription. 864 Dec 87

The frameshift protein p6* encoded directly upstream of the protease in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol reading frame is thought to be a natural inhibitor of protease activation and to play a role in the polyprotein processing of Gag and Gag-Pol precursors. To allow structural characterization of the p6* transframe protein, the p6* coding region was cloned into the vector pGEX-KG and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) under the control of the tac promoter. Thrombin cleavage of the construct resulted in a 70-amino-acid polypeptide which is extended by two additional residues at the N-terminus compared to the natural p6* sequence. The native purification procedure including an affinity and a size-exclusion chromatography step yielded sufficient amounts of highly pure protein suitable for NMR spectroscopy. Fluorescence, circular dichroism and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were applied to characterize the structure of protein. Two-dimensional NMR spectra provided essentially complete sequence-specific resonance assignments at pH 5.9. Although there is evidence for a helix-forming tendency in the N-terminus of the protein, the experiments indicate that p6* has no overall stable secondary or tertiary structure with the single tryptophan exposed in aqueous solution. However, the results reported herein open the way to characterize further the interaction of p6* with the HIV-1 protease in structural and functional in vitro studies.
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PMID:Sequence-specific resonance assignments of the 1H-NMR spectra and structural characterization in solution of the HIV-1 transframe protein p6. 864 76

The aim of the work was to investigate selected parameters of antioxidant defence in red blood cells of children suffering from various types of solid tumors. In patients with these tumors, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were found to be reduced in comparison to healthy children.
Pediatr Pol 1995 Nov
PMID:[Defense system antioxidants in blood of children with neoplasms. II. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes]. 867 55

Simian and human foamy viruses (SFV and HFV) encode a transcriptional transactivator, Tas, which governs the levels of viral transcripts initiated by both the promoter in the long terminal repeat (LTR) and the internal promoter (IP) located within the env gene of these viruses. Tas-responsive target elements,(TRE) LTR in the LTR and (TRE) IP in the env gene, are located 5' of the TATA box in both viral promoters and function as orientation- and position-independent enhancers. We have identified a strong Tas-responsive element, designated TRE (GP), near the 3' end of the gag gene and preceding the pol gene of SFV-1. In transient-expression assays with plasmids containing reporter genes, a 59-bp DNA fragment containing TRE (GP) (nucleotides 2224 to 2282) functioned as an enhancer element, dependent on Tas, in several cell types and in the context of a heterologous basal promoter. DNase footprinting revealed that the fusion protein glutathione S-transferase-Tas, purified from genetically engineered bacteria, interacts with about 40 hp (nucleotides 2237 to 2279) in the TRE (GP). A low degree of sequence homology was noted between TRE (GP) and TRE (IP). In virus-infected cells, novel transcripts with 5' ends immediately upstream from the reverse transcriptase translation frame (nucleotides 2611 to 5778) were identified. Upstream of the start site for these transcripts is a TATA box (nucleotides 2575 to 2579), which was required for transcription in transient-expression assays. Although a spliced mRNA initiated in the viral LTR is implicated in the synthesis of the HFV Pol polyprotein which encodes protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase, it is possible that SFV-1 contains a promoter within the pol gene for initiating a reverse transcriptase transcript. Taken together, these studies define a novel Tas-responsive enhancer element, which binds the viral transactivator, and a potential promoter within the pol gene.
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PMID:The simian foamy virus type 1 transcriptional transactivator (Tas) binds and activates an enhancer element in the gag gene. 879 26

Cytosolic liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was decreased for CDNB and DCNB as substrates in long term alloxan induced diabetes. Similar to cytosolic, microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity was also decreased for CDNB. In contrast, both microsomal and cytosolic GST activities for ETA as well as cytosolic and microsomal glutathione (GSH) contents were unaffected. The activity of Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, but not nonSe-dependent peroxidase activity was increased in diabetic rats. The results suggest that diabetic state has a different effect on each isoenzyme of hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity. After insulin treatment of diabetic animals the activities of both cytosolic and microsomal GST was not restored and the activity of non Se-GSHPx was significantly lower than the control value.
Acta Pol Pharm
PMID:Activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes in long term diabetes. I. Activity of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver of alloxan induced diabetic rats. 896 Feb 50


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