Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antioxidants significantly inhibit oxidative processes. The study seeks to determine the activity of endogenous antioxidants and CD4+ T-cell expression in HIV-serodiscordant-heterosexual partners. The case-control study had the following groups; A- (13 serodiscordant-seronegative subjects), B- (13 serodiscordant-seropositive subjects) and C/control- (13 healthy volunteers). CD4+ T-cell expression was determined using a FACScan (fluorescent activated cell sorting) flow cytometer. CAT (catalase), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GHPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were assayed using spectrophotometer. The activities of SOD, GHPX, GST and CAT were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 164.7% (0.090 +/- 0.032), 126% (662 +/- 96), 355.2% (22.023 +/- 1.4) and 119.1% (2.76 +/- 0.10), respectively, in group A when compared with B. The mean CD4+ T-cell (1348 +/- 142) showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase by 237% when compared with group B (400 +/- 182). Conversely, group B revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in activity by 86.5% (CAT), 76.5% (SOD), 106.8% (GHPX) and 81.8% (GST) when compared with C. CD4+ T-cells in groups A and C (1390 +/- 190) did not show any significant decrease (3.11%). The antioxidant activity showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.89) with their respective CD4+ T-cells in groups A and C. Group B showed same positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.76). These results show that high activity of endogenous antioxidants may have a protective role on CD4+ T-cells, which limits HIV infection.
...
PMID:High plasma activity of endogenous antioxidants protect CD4+ T-cells in HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual partners in a Nigerian population. 1866 40

The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effect of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract on ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. Adult male albino mice were orally administered with 50 and 100 microg of ochratoxin (Groups 4, 5) in 0.2 mL olive oil/animal/day for 45 days. The results revealed a significant increase in LPO (lipid peroxidation) in the testis of mice treated with ochratoxin compared to that of vehicle control (Group 2). The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants: GSH (glutathione) and TAA (total ascorbic acid) as well as enzymatic antioxidants: SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), GRX (glutathione reductase) and GST (glutathione transferase) were significantly decreased in the testis of ochratoxin-treated mice. Oral administration of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract (2 mg/animal/day) along with ochratoxin (Groups 6, 7) for 45 days, caused, significant, amelioration in ochratoxin-induced LPO by increasing the contents of non-enzymatic (GSH and TAA) and activities of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPX, GRX and GST) antioxidants in the testis of mice as compared with those given ochratoxin alone animals (Groups 4, 5). Thus, oral administration of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract along with ochratoxin significantly ameliorates ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice.
...
PMID:Emblica officinalis aqueous extract ameliorates ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. 1866 24

The differential expression of a set of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive proteins was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR in intestine, liver, and muscle tissues extracted from Oryzias javanicus after exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, Iprobenfos (IBP). After IBP exposure, transcriptional changes in all the tested genes were prominent in the liver and moderate in the intestine, but unpredictable in the muscle. In the liver, CAT transcription increased after exposure to IBP at all concentrations (P<0.05). CYP1A mRNA was induced in the intestine and liver at the two higher concentrations. G6PD transcription was induced in the liver at the three higher IBP concentrations, but was suppressed in muscle at the same concentrations. GPx expression in the liver increased at three higher concentrations of IBP. In the intestine and liver, GR expression was induced at two higher and three higher concentrations, respectively. However, no significant changes were observed in the muscle. GST and SOD transcription was induced in the liver at all IBP concentrations. IBP exposure induced UB expression in the intestine and liver in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcriptional changes in these genes in the liver could be good biomarkers for stress levels in O.javanicus, and be used as critical biomarkers for environmental quality assessment.
...
PMID:Transcripts level responses in a marine medaka (Oryzias javanicus) exposed to organophosphorus pesticide. 1898 44

In the present research, the changes of ultrastructures and biochemical index in rabbit testis were examined after i.p. injection with 12.5 microg/kg microcystin (MC) extracts. Ultrastructural observation showed widened intercellular junction, distention of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. All these changes appeared at 1, 3, and 12 h, but recovered finally. In biochemical analyses, the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H(2)O(2) increased significantly at 1 h, indicating MC-caused oxidative stress. Finally, H(2)O(2) decreased to the normal levels, while MDA remained at high levels. The antioxidative enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GST) and antioxidants (GSH) also increased rapidly at 1 h, demonstrating a quick response of the defense systems to the oxidative stress. Finally, the activity of CAT, SOD, and GPX recovered to the normal level, while the activity of GST and the concentration of GSH remained at a high level. This suggests that the importance of MCs detoxification by GST via GSH, and the testis of rabbit contained abundant GSH. The final recovery of ultrastructure and some biochemical indexes indicates that the defense systems finally succeeded in protecting the testis against oxidative damage. In conclusion, these results indicate that the MCs are toxic to the male rabbit reproductive system and the mechanism underlying this toxicity might to be the oxidative stress caused by MCs. Although the negative effects of MCs can be overcome by the antioxidant system of testis in this study, the potential reproductive risks of MCs should not be neglected because of their wide occurrence.
...
PMID:Microcystin extracts induce ultrastructural damage and biochemical disturbance in male rabbit testis. 1916 Dec 31

A eutrophic and metal-contaminated coastal system (Obidos lagoon, Portugal) was monitored combining water/sediment quality parameters and Carcinus maenas biomarkers (accumulated metals, oxidative stress and biotransformation responses). Two confined branches (Barrosa and Bom-Sucesso) were surveyed and compared with a reference area. Both crab genders from Barrosa exhibited activation of hepatopancreas CAT, GPx and GST, pointing out this area as the major impacted in the lagoon. Females captured at Barrosa were more vulnerable to peroxidative damage while only males showed decreased EROD activity, reinforcing gender specificities. In general, responses were not directly attributed to metals in hepatopancreas, as supported by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). However, higher metals (Ni, Cu, Cd) and nutrients levels registered in Barrosa water were associated with the observed oxidative stress responses by PCA. Despite the difficulty to establish cause-effect relationships due to the co-occurrence of various stressors and their interactions, the adopted integrated monitoring strategy appears to be promising.
...
PMID:Biochemical responses of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) in a eutrophic and metal-contaminated coastal system (Obidos lagoon, Portugal). 1918 61

The results showed that the lead concentration was higher than Cr, Ni and Cd in roadside soil samples. Also, the present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of flax lignans against the effects of lead acetate on oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile. Animals were divided into three groups; the first group was used as control. While, groups 2, and 3 were orally treated with 200 mg/L lead acetate in drinking water and the combination of lead acetate (200 mg/L) plus flax lignans (30 mg/100 g BW), respectively. Rats were administered their respective doses daily for 3 weeks. Results showed that lead acetate increased TBARS, and decreased the activities of GST, SOD, GR and CAT, and the contents of glutathione in liver extracts, compared to control. The present data indicated that total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c were significantly increased by lead acetate treatment, while HDL-c levels were decreased in the serum and liver extracts. Animals treated with flax lignans in combination with lead acetate alleviated its toxic effects in the tested parameters. Also, the morph metric analysis of the dorsal aorta revealed that, the histological alterations induced after lead acetate treatments were markedly reduced.
...
PMID:Protective role of flax lignans against lead acetate induced oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in rats. 1927 16

With the acute toxicity test, we obtained the median lethal concentration (LC50) of naphthalene to the zebrafish for 96 h, which was 11.8 mg x L(-1). Then we set up five treatments(0, 1/6 LC50, 1/4 LC50, 1/3 LC50 and 1/2 LC50) and exposed zebrafish to these treatments for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14d respectively to study the effects of naphthalene on the antioxidant defense system in visceral mass of zebrafish. The results showed that GSH, GPx and GST were very sensitive to naphthalene and were inhibited or induced at 0.5 d exposure. The activities of GPx were induced on the whole after 0.5 d, but were inhibited at higher concentration treatments (1/3 LC50 and 1/2 LC50 treatments) at 14 d exposure; while the activities of GST and the contents of GSH were almost lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD were induced first and then inhibited after 2 d; the activities of CAT were inhibited almost in the all treatments after 1 d. The effects of naphthalene on the antioxidant defense system in visceral mass of zebrafish could be used as biomarkers to estimate the biological effect of fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
...
PMID:[Stress and biological response of naphthalene on the antioxidant defense system in visceral mass of zebrafish (Danio rerio)]. 1940 9

Experiments were conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants after treatment with the glycoprotein elicitor CSB I, purified from ZC(13), a race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The interactions of two near isogenic lines of rice, C101A51 and CO39, with ZC(13) resulted in completely incompatible and compatible types, respectively. Proteins were extracted from rice leaves at 12 and 24 h after treatment with CSB I. Temporal changes in total proteins were examined using 2-DE. Among more than 900 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 11 were up-regulated, three were down-regulated and seven were newly induced during, at a minimum, one time point. Twenty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified by linear ion trap quadrupole (LTQ)-MS/MS. The identified proteins were classified into six categories based on their putative function reported: (i) defense proteins (PR-10a, PR-5 and putative salt-induced protein), (ii) signal transduction (nucleoside diphosphate kinase and putative profilin), (iii) ROS (Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, GST and CAT), (iv) programmed cell death (translationally controlled tumor protein), (v) molecule biosynthesis (putative ribosomal protein S5, putative ribosomal protein L12, putative translational elongation factor Tu and putative chaperonin 21 precursor) and (vi) metabolism (putative fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class-I, putative malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, putative acid phosphatase, putative transketolase1 and gamma hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase-like protein). All of these proteins (except Cu/Zn-SOD, putative acid phosphatase and translationally controlled tumor protein) were induced faster and to a higher degree in C101A51 than in CO39. These data suggest that the incompatible rice line may possess a more sensitive recognition system that can identify and react to specific chemical, biological or physical triggers in a more efficient manner, thus eliciting an early and fast defense response.
...
PMID:Identification of elicitor-responsive proteins in rice leaves by a proteomic approach. 1940 28

Different forms of aluminium (Al) are environmental xenobiotics that induce free radical-mediated cytotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Propolis has been reported to be important antioxidant. Therefore, this study aimed at elucidating the protective effects of propolis against reproductive toxicity of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in male rats. The first group served as control. Group 2 received 34 mg AlCl3/kg bw (1/25 LD50). Group 3 was administered 50 mg propolis/kg bw/day. Group 4 was treated with AlCl3 plus propolis. Treatment was continued for 70 days. AlCl3 caused a decrease in testes, seminal vesicle and epididymis weights, sperm concentration, motility, testosterone level and the activities of 17-ketosteroid reductase, CAT and GST, and GSH content. While, dead and abnormal sperm and testes TBARS concentrations were increased. In the AlCl3-treated group, histopathologic examinations revealed apparent alterations in the testes, where it induced marked lesions in seminiferous tubules. Propolis alone decreased dead and abnormal sperm and TBARS, and increased testosterone, GSH, 17-ketosteroid reductase, CAT and GST. Results showed that propolis antagonized the harmful effects of AlCl3. This was proved histopathologically by the great improvement in testes. In conclusion propolis could be effective in the protection against the reproductive toxicity of AlCl3.
...
PMID:Propolis protection from reproductive toxicity caused by aluminium chloride in male rats. 1942 34

Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin-induced toxicity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant potential of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) against the toxicity of cisplatin in male rats. Cisplatin treated animals revealed a significant elevation in plasma, heart, kidney and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GST, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, and the levels of glutathione (GSH) were decreased. Aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT), creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased in plasma, while liver AST and ALT were significantly decreased. Cisplatin significantly increased the levels of plasma total lipid, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, and the relative weight of kidney. On the other hand, plasma total protein and albumin, and body weight were significantly decreased. GSPE reduced cisplatin-induced the levels of TBARS in plasma, heart, kidney and liver, TL, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, and liver AST and ALT. Moreover, it ameliorated cisplatin-induced decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and GSH, total protein and albumin. Therefore, the present results revealed that GSPE exerts a protective effect by antagonizing cisplatin toxicity.
...
PMID:Protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract against oxidative stress induced by cisplatin in rats. 1942 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

---