Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spirulina fusiformis given by oral route to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) significantly inhibit the genotoxicity induced by cisplatin and urethane. In addition, a significant reduction in the extent of lipid peroxidation with concomitant increase in the liver enzymatic (GPx, GST, SOD, CAT) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants were observed.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on chemical-induced genotoxicity in mice. 1469 16

Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is an acidic cytosolic glycoprotein with molecular weight of about 50 kDa, which contains 32 cysteine residues. It is possibly that RI may have antioxidant effect by thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. We studied the effects of RI over-expression on the rat glial cell line C6 injured with H2O2. The transfected C6 cells with RI cDNA (C6') had higher viability, less LDH leakage and MDA contents, but more GSH contents compare that in the control C6 cells. In transfected C6 cells, the activities of CAT and GST were higher than that in the control C6 cells. Without H202 stress, the activities of CAT and GST in the C6' cells were 1.73 and 3.62 times that in the control C6 cells, respectively; With 1.00 mmol/L H2O2 stress, the activities of CATand GSTin the C6' cells were 3.38 and 2.11 times that in the C6 cells, respectively. These results suggest that the over-expression RI has antioxidant activity and it is able to protect cells from per-oxidative injuries. Moreover, we investigated whether RI has a protective role against mouse hepatic damage in vivo. The mice pretreated with different doses of human RI were injected by CC14. The results show that the SOD activities of therapy groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01), while the contents of MOD and activities of ALT and AST in blood were remarkably lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Pathological examination shows that the degree of damage was alleviated with RI therapy. These results suggest that RI has the protective role against mouse hepatic damage induced by CC14. The anti-oxidative effects of RI may play an important role in cell protection from per-oxidative injuries.
 ...
PMID:The antioxidant effects of ribonuclease inhibitor. 1470 97

Considerable attention has been focused on plants which are sources of natural anti-oxidant compounds, because most of them have a modulatory role on physiological functions and biotransformation reactions involved in the detoxification process. Such compounds are likely to afford protection from cytotoxic, genotoxic and metabolic actions of environmental toxicant thereby reducing the risk for cancer. The present study reports the anticarcinogenic activity of Swertia chirata Buch.Ham, an Indian medicinal plant. All the four detoxification enzymes studied viz, GST, GPx, SOD and CAT were found to be activated in different degrees following treatment with infusion of Swertia chirata, its crude extract and a purified 'Amarogentin' rich extract. The activation of the enzymes was accompanied by significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and inhibition of incidence as well as multiplicity of Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced papillomas. The effect of S.chirata on apoptosis and cell proliferation was also studied in mice skin exposed to DMBA. Both the crude and purified extracts significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. This is the fi rst report of its kind and the observation suggests the chemopreventive potential of Swertia chirata.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic activity of Swertia chirata Buch.Ham, an Indian medicinal plant, on DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis model. 1517 96

The aim of the study was to determine whether there are signs of adaptation of soil fauna to a gradient of heavy metal contamination. Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida were collected during the spring and summer of 2000 and 2001 from meadow sites situated between 2 and 32 km from the Bukowno-Olkusz complex of zinc-lead ore mines and smelters. The heavy metal content in the soil near smelters reaches 10,500 mg/kg (d.w.) for Zn, 2600 mg/kg for Pb and 81.9 mg/kg for Cd. The sites differ with respect to species composition of earthworm community, with A. caliginosa being dominant. Complete data was obtained only for A. caliginosa, since other species were not abundant at all investigated sites during the whole period of investigation. The body burdens of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in A. caliginosa reached 1500, 100, 220 and 10 microg/g, respectively, in the vicinity of the smelter (2-4 km), and decreased to 400, 2, 36 and 6 microg/g at the most distant site (32 km). Cadmium and lead content was significantly elevated in the whole body of L. terrestris collected at the site 2.5 km distant from the smelters when compared to more distant sites, while in E. fetida only the body burden of cadmium was elevated at the nearest site compared to the next site of transect. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX; EC 1.11.1.9) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) were assayed in postmitochondrial supernatant obtained from whole body homogenates. Seasonal and annual variations of enzyme activity were reflected by higher GPX activity in the late summer of 2001 in comparison with the spring and summer of 2000. This may reflect severe drought in the spring and summer of 2000. The activity of both GPX isozymes, GR and GST in A. caliginosa and L. terrestris increased with increasing distance from the smelters and reached maximum at sites III and IV (4 and 8 km from the smelters, respectively) and then it decreased in the animals from site V (32 km). These may be the effects of antagonism between the enzyme inducing and enzyme inhibiting action of smelter emissions, a phenomenon known as a hormetic effect. It is postulated here that this effect is of diagnostic value for metal pollution biomonitoring.
 ...
PMID:Profiles of enzymatic activity in earthworms from zinc, lead and cadmium polluted areas near Olkusz (Poland). 1519 38

Auxin autotrophic and heterotrophic tobacco callus lines were grown on MS medium with or without 100 mmol/L NaCl and growth and some of the stress-related activities, such as GPX, SOD, CAT, GST, GSH-PX, as well as the concentration of ethylene and H2O2, were measured and compared with each other. The auxin autotrophic calli grew slower, however, on the NaCl-containing medium the growth rate was higher than that of the heterotrophic cultures after two weeks of culturing. The stress-related ethylene production was lower in the autotrophic cultures and, contrary to the heterotrophic tissues, its level did not change significantly upon NaCl treatment. The guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were higher in the autotrophic tissues in all cell fractions regardless of the presence of NaCl. Treated with NaCl, the GPX activities elevated in the soluble and covalently-bound fractions in the heterotrophic calli, but were not further increased in the autotrophic line. SOD and CAT activities were higher in the heterotrophic tissues, and were increased further by 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment. The GST and GSH-PX activities were higher in the autotrophic line, which might explain their enhanced stress tolerance. In the autotrophic tissues, the elevated antioxidant activities led to reduced levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde; under mild NaCl stress, these levels decreased further. The lower growth rate and the effective protection against NaCl stress-induced oxidative damage of the autotrophic line can be explained by the cell wall-bound peroxidase and GSH-PX activities in the auxin autotrophic tissues. Their maintained growth rate indicates that the autotropic cultures were more resistant to exogenous H2O2.
 ...
PMID:Auxin autotrophic tobacco callus tissues resist oxidative stress: the importance of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities in auxin heterotrophic and autotrophic calli. 1526 16

The activity of cytosolic antioxidative defence enzymes in the liver and white muscle of thinlip gray mullet (Liza ramada Risso) were compared in winter and spring in the Adriatic Sea. Activity of antioxidative enzymes is functionally organized due to metabolic demands: analyses of variance and correlation analysis revealed tissue- and seasonal- specific organization of antioxidative enzymes. In winter GST activity increased in both tissues compared with spring. At the same time decreased GSH-Px and GR activities were observed and this effect was more pronounced in liver then in white muscle. From correlation analyses it is concluded that the antioxidative components correlate, but the composition of the antioxidative defence system is different in respect to season and tissue. This means that the antioxidative defence system reorganizes its structure due to oxidative demands and to protect the tissues against reactive oxygen species and to establish homeostasis. Discriminant analyses separated groups according to the complete organization of individual components of the system very well and identified individual components (CAT, GST and GR) which contribute most to the differences. Statistical differences were observed between enzyme activities in tissues (liver and muscle) in both winter and spring, and between seasons (winter and spring) for liver tissue only. Since environmental parameters, such as temperature and oxygen concentration in the sea differ with season, we conclude that in this species the tissues examined expressed their antioxidative defence systems in different ways in respect of external/environmental conditions. We propose that tissue- and seasonal- specific levels of antioxidant enzyme activities should be considered in the interpretation of data from future biomonitoring field studies, especially in relation to low temperature.
 ...
PMID:Seasonal variations of cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and white muscle of thinlip gray mullet (Liza ramada Risso) from the Adriatic Sea. 1537 38

In this report, strains of five different Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsilosis) isolated from healthy human oral cavities as well as their respective type-strains were used in order to establish the genetic diversity existing among the different species and within a certain species, by the analysis of their electrophoretic alloenzyme patterns. These profiles were analyzed for their band positions in the gels, which allowed to group the strains of the same species in species-specific clusters and to treat them as conspecific populations. A total of thirteen enzymatic loci were obtained (ACO, ADH1, ADH2, CAT, G6PDH, GDH, GOT, IDH1, IDH2, LAP, LDH, PER, and SOD). The allelic frequencies (p) and the heterozygosity (h) for all the thirteen loci were determined by diversity index formulas. The GST index is the estimated proportion of genetic diversity that was applied in order to establish inter and intra populational diversity, which, for our results, indicated that 37.75% of total genetic diversity was attributable to differences among the species and the remaining 62.25% was attributable to differences within these populations. An Euclidian distance dendrogram for the different conspecific populations was built, showing that C. guilliermondii grouped first with C. tropicalis and thus formed a expanded cluster with C. albicans. This cluster combined later with another one composed by C. parapsilosis and C. krusei. Comparing our results to the others that were obtained by different molecular techniques, we have observed that the clustering hierarchies follow different paths of organization, varying according to the methodology employed.
 ...
PMID:Inter and intra-specific genetic variability of oral Candida species. 1548 8

The activities of catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) were studied in tissue and hemolymph of susceptible (S) (EgBS(2)) and resistant (R) (EgBR(2)) Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. The results showed that CAT and GST were higher in the hemolymph of snails susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni than in that of snails resistant to infestation, while SOD and G3PD were lower in the susceptible snails. The role of these enzymes as free radical scavengers was traced 1 and 24 h after infection of the two snail lines with S. mansoni. Moreover, the activities of SOD and G3PD were also measured 2 and 4 weeks post infection. The results revealed that the overall enzymatic activities were higher in susceptible than in resistant snail tissues. After 1 h of infection, all enzymes were increased in R and S snails except GST and G6PD which decreased in S snails. After 24 h of infection, GST increased in S snails and G3PD decreased in both S and R snails while other enzymes reached normal levels.
 ...
PMID:Free radical scavengers in susceptible/resistant Biomphalaria alexandrina snails before and after infection. 1553 60

Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit have been suggested to play a major role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure due to multiple treatments with adriamycin. In this study the cardio protective effect of Centella asiatica on myocardial marker enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy was investigated in rats. The rats administered with adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg body wt, i.p) caused myocardial damage that was manifested by the elevation of serum marker (LDH, CPK, GOT and GPT) enzymes and showed significant changes in the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST). Pre-co-treatment with Centella asiatica(200 mg/kg of body wt/oral) extract significantly prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near normal levels. These findings demonstrate the cardio protective effect of Centella asiatica on antioxidant tissue defense system during adriamycin induced cardiac damage in rats.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of Centella asiatica on antioxidant tissue defense system against adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy in rats. 1555 70

Marine mussels Mytilus sp. were transplanted on a monthly basis in cages over one year to oyster farms and harbours in the Arcachon Bay (France) in order to assess the water quality of the bay. Contaminant levels (organotin compounds, trace metals, PCBs and PAHs) were measured in tissues of transplanted mussels and mussels from a reference station, along with physiological parameters of the mussels (condition indexes, lipid content and dry weight). Four biomarkers (AChE: acetylcholinesterase activity, GST: gluthathione S-transferase activity, CAT: catalase activity and TBARS: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance content) were also monitored. The remote stations monitored (oyster parks) exhibited no accumulation pattern of pollutants. Their respective concentrations therefore constitute a background level of the contamination in the bay ([TBT]= 30 ng Sn g(-1) dw, [SigmaHAPs]= 100 ng g(-1) dw, [SigmaPCBs]= 35 ng g(-1) dw). The elevated chemical contamination of the largest harbour of the bay, the Arcachon harbour, can be interpreted in terms of persistence of organotin compounds ([SigmaOTs]= 1500-2000 ng Sn g(-1) dw) and PAHs ([SigmaHAPs]= 4500-5000 ng g(-1) dw) in sediments and, to a lesser extent, of direct inputs of copper ([Cu]= 20 microg g(-1) dw in harbours versus 7 in oyster parks) and petrogenic PAHs ([methylphenanthrenes]= 1600 ng g(-1) dw in the dockyard versus 170 at the gas stations), related to the use of copper-based antifouling paints and to dockyard activity, respectively. However, the Arcachon Bay presents a low contamination level by PCBs and metals, including harbour stations. Furthermore, higher levels of other PAHs (particularly alkyl PAHs such as methylphenanthrenes/1600 ng g(-1) dw) not included in the 16 PAHs from the EPA priority list (usually studied in biomonitoring programmes/1500 ng g(-1) dw) in the Arcachon harbour underline the need to integrate these compounds in biomonitoring of highly PAH-polluted areas such as harbours in order to avoid misinterpretation of the biological responses observed. Biomarker responses were not able to discriminate the different chemical contamination levels recorded in the Arcachon Bay and rather reflected changes in environmental factors. Furthermore, the strong intraspecies variability of biological responses could be due to genetic differences of mussels from the Arcachon Bay. It is the first time that such an integrated monitoring is performed in the Arcachon Bay, also taking into account seasonal variations of chemical contents and biomarkers levels in mussel tissues.
 ...
PMID:One-year monitoring survey of organic compounds (PAHs, PCBs, TBT), heavy metals and biomarkers in blue mussels from the Arcachon Bay, France. 1573 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>