Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diallyl sulphide (DAS) is a sulphur-containing volatile compound present in garlic (Allium sativum). It has been shown to inhibit a number of chemically induced forms of cancer in experimental animals. The present study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of DAS on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiated and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (2-AAF) promoted preneoplastic altered hepatic foci (AHF) in Wistar rats. AHF were scored and analysed by quantitative stereology using the Image Analysis system from frozen liver sections stained for biological markers, namely glutathione S-transferase, placental form (GST-P), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) and alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase). DAS-supplemented rats were found to restore the near-normal levels of enzymes GST-P and GGT when exposed to DEN and 2-AAF. DAS administration following DEN and 2-AAF exposure led to the restoration of enzymic activity of ATPase, G6 Pase and AlkPase, as evident by number and area of the foci. These findings suggest the protective role of DAS in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, by suppressing DEN- and 2-AAF-induced AHF development.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of altered hepatic foci induction by diallyl sulphide in Wistar rats. 1555 53

The objective of this study was to determine the anti cancer effects of red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus Linn) in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro study, microtitration cytotoxic assay was done using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenil tetrazolium bromide (MTT) kit assay. Results showed that aqueous extract of A gangeticus inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The IC(50) values were 93.8 mu g/ml and 98.8 mu g/ml for HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively. The inhibitory effect was also observed in colon cancer cell line (Caco-2), but a lower percentage compared to HepG2 and MCF-7. For normal cell line (Chang Liver), there was no inhibitory effect. In the in vivo study, hepatocarcinogenesis was monitored in rats according to Solt and Farber (1976) without partial hepatectomy. Assay of tumour marker enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uridyl diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were carried out to determine the severity of hepatocarcinogenesis. The result found that supplementation of 5%, 7.5% and 10% of A. gangeticus aqueous extract to normal rats did not show any significant difference towards normal control (P <0.05). The exposure of the rats to chemical carcinogens diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) showed a significant increase in specific enzyme activity of GGT, GST, UDPGT and ALP compared to normal control (P <0.05). However, it was found that the supplementation of A. gangeticus aqueous extract in 5%, 7.5% and 10% to cancer-induced rats could inhibit the activity of all tumour marker enzymes especially at 10% (P <0.05). Supplementation of anti cancer drug glycyrrhizin at suggested dose (0.005%) did not show any suppressive effect towards cancer control (P <0.05). In conclusion, A. gangeticus showed anticancer potential in in vitro and in vivo studies.
 ...
PMID:Potential anticancer effect of red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) extract. 1556 47

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. The diagnosis is based on pruritus with abnormal liver function in the absence of other pathological conditions. However, pruritus in pregnancy is common, and it may be the only presenting feature in ICP. No reliable test currently exists that can discriminate between those women destined to develop ICP and those with the benign condition of pruritus gravidarum (PG). The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate longitudinally the serum concentration of glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA, a specific marker of hepatocellular integrity) and to compare this with the temporal profile of conventional liver function markers in women with ICP (n = 63), PG (n = 43), and normal pregnant controls (n = 26). Blood was sampled on at least 3 separate occasions between 16 weeks of gestation and 4 weeks postpartum. Serum concentrations of GSTA increased with gestation in ICP, being significantly higher from 24 (+/-2) weeks compared with controls (400% difference; 95% CI, 240%-734%; P < .001). GSTA was also higher in ICP versus PG (433% difference; 95% CI, 228%-790%; P < .001) throughout the gestational period studied. Significant differences in the ICP compared with control and PG groups were also found for total bile acids, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, the measurement of GSTA provides a test of liver dysfunction that distinguishes women with ICP from those with PG. Additionally, on the basis of this study, reference ranges for biochemical markers of liver function require reevaluation in pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Glutathione S-transferase and liver function in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pruritus gravidarum. 1556 72

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of either 2.5 mg/kg Body Weight or 5 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) doses of isoflavones on semen quality, testosterone levels, lipid peroxidation and semen biochemistry of male New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were given both 2.5 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW doses of isoflavones. The tested doses were given to rabbits orally every other day for 13 weeks. Treatment with isoflavones caused an increase (p < 0.05) in libido (by decreasing the reaction time), sperm concentration, sperm motility (%), total motile sperm per ejaculate (TMS), packed sperm volume (PSV), total functional sperm fraction (TFSF), total sperm output, initial fructose concentration and normal sperm, while dead sperm was reduced compared to control animals. On the other hand, ejaculate volume, initial hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and plasma testosterone levels did not change in treated animals with both doses of isoflavones as compared to control. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total lipids, and low density lipoprotein were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in seminal plasma of rabbits treated with either 2.5 mg/kg BW or 5 mg/kg BW doses of isoflavones. While, the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (AcP), and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in seminal plasma of treated animals. Also, total cholesterol, percentage cholesterol (out of total lipids), and high density lipoprotein were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while triglyceride did not change in seminal plasma of treated animals. Supplementation at either level of isoflavones did not cause changes in live body weight (LBW), dry matter intake (DMI), and relative weights of testes and epididymis. The present results showed that either 2.5 mg/kg BW or 5 mg/kg BW doses of isoflavones caused an improvement of some semen characteristics and did not have negative effects on male fertility.
 ...
PMID:Effect of isoflavones on reproductive performance, testosterone levels, lipid peroxidation, and seminal plasma biochemistry of male rabbits. 1562 89

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a cleavage product of glucobrassicanin, a natural compound present in a wide variety of plant food substances including members of the family Cruciferae. I3C is known to possess cancer-chemopreventive potential in various animal models. The present study reveals the protective effect of I3C on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-promoted preneoplastic, altered hepatic foci (AHF) in Wistar rats. I3C was given at dose levels of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days along with DEN and AAF. AHF were scored and analyzed by quantitative stereology using the Image Analysis System from frozen liver sections stained for positive and negative biological markers of AHF, that is, glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase). Results revealed the chemopreventive effect of I3C on the DEN-initiated AHF in Wistar rats. The expression of G6Pase, ATPase, and AlkPase was restored in the I3C-supplemented animal. Similarly the induced expression GST-P and GGT also decreased in the animals with I3C administration. The recovery of altered levels of these biomarkers was of comparatively higher magnitude in the animals given a higher dose of I3C (1 mg/kg body weight) in comparison with the animals given 0.5 mg/kg body weight dose of I3C, although no dose-dependence pattern was recorded in I3C-supplemented groups. These results thus suggest the chemopreventive effect of I3C in rat hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing DEN- and AAF-induced AHF development.
 ...
PMID:Chemopreventive effect of indole-3-carbinol on induction of preneoplastic altered hepatic foci. 1562 69

The chemopreventive effect of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (EIA) on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg)-induced experimental liver tumor was investigated in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (250 mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced with DEN as revealed by decrease in the levels of extend of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) with a concomitant increase in enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels when compared to those in liver tumor bearing rats. The histopathological changes of liver sample were compared with respective control. Our results show a significant chemopreventive effect of EIA against DEN induced liver tumor.
 ...
PMID:Chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced phenobarbitol promoted liver tumors in rat by extract of Indigofera aspalathoides. 1568 1

The NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a serine protease activity in its N-terminal region, which plays a crucial role in virus replication. This region has also been reported to interact not only with its viral cofactor NS4A, but also with a number of host-cell proteins, which suggests a multifunctional feature of NS3. By means of yeast two-hybrid screening using an N-terminal region of NS3 as bait, a human cDNA encoding a region of ELKS-delta, a member of a novel family of proteins involved in intracellular transport and secretory pathways, was molecularly cloned. Using co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down and confocal and immunoelectron microscopic analyses, it was shown that full-length NS3 interacted physically with full-length ELKS-delta and its splice variant, ELKS-alpha, both in the absence and presence of NS4A, in cultured human cells, including Huh-7 cells harbouring an HCV subgenomic RNA replicon. The degree of binding to ELKS-delta varied with different sequences of the N-terminal 180 residues of NS3. Interestingly, NS3, either full-length or N-terminal fragments, enhanced secretion of secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) from the cells, and the increase in SEAP secretion correlated well with the degree of binding between NS3 and ELKS-delta. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that NS3 plays a role in modulating host-cell functions such as intracellular transport and secretion through its binding to ELKS-delta and ELKS-alpha, which may facilitate the virus life cycle and/or mediate the pathogenesis of HCV.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein interacts with ELKS-{delta} and ELKS-{alpha}, members of a novel protein family involved in intracellular transport and secretory pathways. 1603 67

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is widely used in daily human life to conserve soft drinks, in food manufacturing and biocidal preparations. It had genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. Therefore, the present experiment was carried out to determine the effectiveness of l-ascorbic acid (AA) in alleviating the toxicity of SnCl2 on some enzyme activities and oxidative damage in male New Zealand white rabbits. Six rabbits per group were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0 mg AA and 0 mg SnCl2/kg BW (control); 40 mg AA/kg BW; 20 mg SnCl2/kg BW (1/500 LD50); 20 mg SnCl2 plus 40 mg AA/kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered the respective doses every other day for 12 weeks. Liver and kidney specimens were processed for histopathologic studies. Results obtained showed that SnCl2 significantly (P < 0.05) induced free radicals in rabbit liver, testes, kidney, lung, brain and heart. While, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the level of sulfhydryl groups (SH-group) were decreased (P < 0.05) in all tested organs except brain and heart. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was increased (P < 0.05) in liver and decreased in testes, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) did not change. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) were decreased (P < 0.05) in liver, testes, kidney and lung. Also, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly decreased in brain and plasma of rabbits treated with SnCl2 compared to control group. Histopathologic studies showed marked changes in hepatocytes as well as proliferation of duct epithelium, dilatation and congestion of blood vessels as well as mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. The kidney were also severely affected by SnCl2 the Bowman's space was increased, with infiltration of renal parenchyma by mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and changes in cells lining convoluted tubule. Ascorbic acid alone significantly decreased the levels of free radicals, and increased the activity of GST and the levels of SH groups in tested organs except brain and heart. While, the rest of the tested parameters were not affected. Results showed that AA alleviated the harmful effects of SnCl2. This was proved histopathologically by the great improvement in liver and kidney histology where hepatocytes retained normal architecture with mild dilatation and congestion of blood vessels. Bowman's space of kidney was almost normal, with normal lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. In conclusion AA could be effective in the protection against stannous chloride toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Stannous chloride induces alterations in enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and histopathology in male rabbit: antioxidant role of vitamin C. 1605 10

An approximately 43kD protein has been isolated and purified from the herb Cajanus indicus L and believed to be the most active principle for its hepatoprotective action. In this study, experiments have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of that protein for the preventive and curative action against thioacetamide-induced toxicity in vivo using a murine model. Mice were treated with the protein intraperitoneally at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight for 2 and 6 days before and separately 1-5 days after thioacetamide administration to evaluate its preventive and curative role, respectively. Thioacetamide was administered once at a dose of 150mg/kg body weight and after 48h of its application, the animals were sacrificed. Levels of various markers related to physiological and pathological conditions of the liver, e.g., glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), etc. were determined in the murine sera under different experimental conditions. In addition, antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured from the liver homogenates. The antioxidant property of the protein was compared with the potent antioxidant, vitamin E (used as a positive control). The active principle effectively reduced the elevated GPT and ALP levels in serum and lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue. The reduced levels of SOD, CAT and GST by thioacetamide were again brought back to almost normal levels upon pre- and post-treatment with the protein. Histopathological changes in the liver of TAA control and protein-treated groups also prove that the protein possesses hepatoprotective activity. The protein acts dose-dependently and maximum hepatoprotectivity was obtained when administered at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight. Data suggest that the active principle plays an important preventive and curative role against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Preventive and curative role of a 43kD protein from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus L on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. 1608 94

DON is one of the major mycotoxic contaminant of cereal grains throughout the world. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the effects of a range of environmentally relevant doses of DON in mice exposed through a subchronic toxicological assay. Animals received 3 days per week for 4 weeks, 0.014, 0.071, 0.355 or 1.774 mg of toxin/kg b.w. All doses, except 0.014 mg/kg, provoked increases in plasma immunoglobulin A whereas there was no change in plasma biochemical parameters such as alkaline phosphatase, electrolytes or other immunoglobulins. Administration of 0.071 or 0.355 mg/kg doses led to increased liver microsomal pentoxyresorufin depentylase and cytosolic glutathione transferase activities. Examining protein modulation, western blot analyses liver fractions from mice receiving these doses revealed increased levels in both P450 2b, GST alpha and pi isoenzymes without any change in P450 1a expression. A significant competitive inhibition of deoxynivalenol on CDNB conjugation in vitro suggests that the mycotoxin is a putative substrate for glutathione S-transferases. These changes in liver xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are discussed by considering the structural nature of deoxynivalenol and previous reports on similar effects exerted by other trichothecenes. These results suggest that a subchronic exposure to low doses of deoxynivalenol causes changes in the normal liver metabolism of xenobiotics.
 ...
PMID:Effect of various doses of deoxynivalenol on liver xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in mice. 1620 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>