Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, two types of estrogen sulfotransferase, chronologically named types 1 and 2 estrogen sulfotransferase (hEST1 and hEST2), have been described. Since hEST2 selectively catalyzes the sulfonation of ethinyl estradiol as well as that of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2), but poorly the sulfonation of catecholestrogens, we wanted to assess the ability of hEST1 to metabolize these compounds. We overexpressed hEST1 in Escherichia coli in fusion with GST, then purified the enzyme using a glutathione affinity column, and obtained GST-free enzyme by digestion with thrombin. Using [35S]-phosphosadenosine phosphosulfate (PAPS) as cofactor, we showed that hEST1 efficiently metabolizes the transformation of 2-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E1. However, the transformation of 4-OH-E1 and 4-OH-E2 is much less efficient. Our results also show that hEST1 metabolizes more efficiently E2 than E1. Since hEST1 mRNA is produced from the same gene as MPST using different alternative promoters and since it is expressed in most breast cancer cells (MCF-7, ZR-75-1, T47-D, MDA-231, and MDA-418), studies of the expression and activity of hEST1 will be most important to have a better knowledge about its involvement in the control of the genotoxicity of estrogens and catecholestrogens.
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PMID:High metabolization of catecholestrogens by type 1 estrogen sulfotransferase (hEST1). 1135 77

Total RNA differential display (DD) using random primers was performed for rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) models. DA (RT1a) donor livers were transplanted into DA, PVG (RT1c), and LEW (RT1l) recipients: (1) syngeneic OLT (DA-DA): no rejection occurs; (2) allogeneic OLT (DA-PVG): rejection occurs, but is naturally overcome without immunosuppression; (3) allogeneic OLT (DA-LEW): animals die of acute rejection within 14 days. cDNA was isolated from selected bands, re-amplified for sequencing, and confirmed by Northern blots. Two down-regulated genes were observed in day-7 allogeneic OLT livers (DA-PVG, DA-LEW), while they were consistently expressed in day-7 syngeneic OLT (DA-DA) livers. These two genes were identified as alpha-glutathione sulfotransferase (alpha-GST) Ya gene and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), respectively. Northern blots confirmed that their expression was down-regulated in OLT (DA-PVG) livers on days 7-26 and gradually restored. The mRNA expression of GST and EST may be good markers to predict rejection or induction of tolerance.
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PMID:Identification of two down-regulated genes in rat liver allografts by mRNA differential display. 1149 4

Developmental changes in the expression of 18 Leydig cell-specific mRNA species were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction to partially characterize the developmental phenotype of the cells in the mouse and to identify markers of adult Leydig cell differentiation. Testicular interstitial webs were isolated from mice between birth and adulthood. Five developmental patterns of gene expression were observed. Group 1 contained mRNA species encoding P450 side chain cleavage (P450(scc)), P450(c17), relaxin-like factor (RLF), glutathione S-transferase 5-5 (GST5-5), StAR protein, LH receptor, and epoxide hydrolase (EH); group 2 contained 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) VI, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) III, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, estrogen sulfotransferase, and prostaglandin D (PGD)-synthetase; group 3 contained patched and thrombospondin 2 (TSP2); group 4 contained 5alpha-reductase 1 and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; group 5 contained sulfonylurea receptor 2 and 3beta-HSD I. Group 1 contained genes that were expressed in fetal and adult Leydig cells and which increased in expression around puberty toward a maximum in the adult. Group 2 contained genes expressed only in the adult Leydig cell population. Group 3 contained genes with predominant fetal/neonatal expression in the interstitial tissue. Group 4 contained genes with a peak of expression around puberty, whereas genes in group 5 show little developmental change in expression. Highest mRNA levels in descending order were RLF, P450(c17), EH, 17beta-HSD III, PGD-synthetase, GST5-5, and P450(scc). Results identify five genes expressed in the mouse adult Leydig cell population, but not in the fetal population, and one gene (TSP2) that may be expressed only in the fetal Leydig cell population. The developmental pattern of gene expression suggests that three distinct phases of adult Leydig cell differentiation occur.
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PMID:Changes in Leydig cell gene expression during development in the mouse. 1190 15