Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the immune responses of mice vaccinated intramuscularly with naked DNA encoding a single parasite-derived gene, sufficient quantities of protein are necessary for use in the immunological assays. A plasmid carrying the cDNA encoding the entire sequence for the 28-kDa Schistosoma mansoni glutathione S-transferase (Sm28GST) was used as a source of naked DNA to vaccinate mice. Using polymerase chain reaction employing custom primers to add Eco RI and Hind III restriction sites at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, a 651-bp fragment was amplified from the vaccine plasmid. This product was isolated, ligated into the pFastBac HTb donor plasmid containing a 6X histidine (6X-his) tag, and transposed into the baculovirus expression vector system. Following blue white selection screening, high molecular weight DNA was isolated and transfected in Sf21 insect ovary cells using a liposomal preparation. Culture medium containing infective virus particles was used to infect a series of Sf21 cultures and the cells were lysed after 3-5 days. The lysates were subjected to immobilized metal (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography from which the 6X-his-tagged recombinant Sm28GST was eluted in 250 mM imidazole. The eluted protein was probed with a polyclonal rabbit antibody specific for the Sm28GST and subsequently recognized using a monoclonal antibody specific for the 6X-his tag following concentration of the pooled fractions. Mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with purified plasmid DNA encoding either the Sm28GST or firefly luciferase. Skin tests performed using recombinant Sm28GST were positive in only those mice vaccinated with naked DNA encoding the Sm28GST gene. In a different group of experimental mice, only sera from mice vaccinated with naked DNA encoding Sm28GST contained IgG-specific anti-Sm28GST antibodies at 14 days postvaccination, and at 42 days the levels were suggestive of an anamnestic response. These results suggest that naked DNA vaccination of mice is capable of inducing both antigen-specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against Sm28GST and further strengthen the case for this antigen being a vaccine candidate.
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PMID:Overproduction of SM28GST in a baculovirus expression vector and its use to evaluate the in vivo immune responses of mice vaccinated against Schistosoma mansoni with naked DNA encoding the SM28GST gene. 971 8

Jasmonic acid (JA) and related cyclopentanones are critical plant signaling molecules, but their mode of action at the molecular level is unclear. A map-based approach was used to identify the defective gene in the Arabidopsis JA response mutant jar1-1. JAR1 is 1 of 19 closely related Arabidopsis genes that are similar to the auxin-induced soybean GH3 gene. Analysis of fold predictions for this protein family suggested that JAR1 might belong to the acyl adenylate-forming firefly luciferase superfamily. These enzymes activate the carboxyl groups of a variety of substrates for their subsequent biochemical modification. An ATP-PPi isotope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adenylation activity in a glutathione S-transferase-JAR1 fusion protein. Activity was specific for JA, suggesting that covalent modification of JA is important for its function. Six other Arabidopsis genes were specifically active on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and one was active on both IAA and salicylic acid. These findings suggest that the JAR1 gene family is involved in multiple important plant signaling pathways.
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PMID:Jasmonate response locus JAR1 and several related Arabidopsis genes encode enzymes of the firefly luciferase superfamily that show activity on jasmonic, salicylic, and indole-3-acetic acids in an assay for adenylation. 1208 35

A sensitive homogeneous immunoassay is needed in the field of clinical diagnostics. Here we propose a rapid and potentially sensitive homogeneous immunoassay of peptide epitope based on the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). A GST peptide tag fused to the N-terminus of firefly luciferase, and Cy3 or Cy3.5-labeled anti-peptide antibody were prepared to detect BRET from the hybrid luciferase to the fluorolabeled antibody. By measuring the spectral change due to BRET, the amount of c-myc peptide was successfully determined in a short period.
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PMID:Rapid homogeneous immunoassay of peptides based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from firefly luciferase. 1623 46

We describe a novel homogeneous protein-protein interaction assay based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from mutant firefly luciferase to red fluorescent protein (DsRed). The association of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-luciferase and protein G-DsRed, which was driven by the addition of anti-GST antibody, was successfully monitored by BRET.
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PMID:Detection of protein-protein interaction by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from firefly luciferase to red fluorescent protein. 1623 17

Smurf1, a member of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, regulates cell polarity and protrusive activity by inducing ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the small GTPase RhoA. We report here that hPEM-2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Cdc42, is a novel target of Smurf1. Pulse-chase labeling and a ubiquitination experiment using MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, indicate that Smurf1 induces proteasomal degradation of hPEM-2 in cells. GST pull-down assays with heterologously expressed firefly luciferase-fusion proteins that include partial sequences of hPEM-2 reveal that part of the PH domain (residues 318-343) of hPEM-2 is sufficient for binding to Smurf1. In contrast, the hPEM-2 binding domain in Smurf1 was mapped to the C2 domain. Although it has been reported that the binding activities of some C2 domains to target proteins are regulated by Ca2+, Smurf1 interacts with hPEM-2 in a Ca2+-independent manner. Our discovery that hPEM-2 is, in addition to RhoA, a target protein of Smurf1 suggests that Smurf1 plays a crucial role in the spatiotemporal regulation of Rho GTPase family members.
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PMID:Smurf1 directly targets hPEM-2, a GEF for Cdc42, via a novel combination of protein interaction modules in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. 1820 56

The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (hSVCT1) contributes to cellular uptake of ascorbic acid (AA). Although different aspects of hSVCT1 cell biology have been extensively studied, nothing is currently known about the broader hSVCT1 interactome that modulates its role in cellular physiology. Here, we identify the enzyme human glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (hGR/HPR) as an hSVCT1 associated protein by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR was further confirmed by in vitro GST pull-down assay, in vivo coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid firefly luciferase assays. This interaction had functional significance as coexpression of hGR/HPR with hSVCT1 led to an increase in AA uptake. Reciprocally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous hGR/HPR led to an inhibition of AA uptake. Given that oxalate is a degradation product of vitamin C and hGR/HPR acts to limit cellular oxalate levels, this association physically couples two independent regulators of cellular oxalate production. Furthermore, confocal imaging of human liver HepG2 cells coexpressing GFP-hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR-mCherry demonstrated that these two proteins colocalize within a subpopulation of intracellular organelles. This provides a possible molecular basis for organellar AA transport and regulation of local glyoxylate/glycolate concentration in the vicinity of organelle membranes.
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PMID:Glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase interacts with the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 to regulate cellular vitamin C homeostasis. 2359 41

The Arabidopsis TMS1 encodes a heat shock protein identical to the Hsp40 protein AtERdj3A and plays important roles in the thermotolerance of pollen tubes and other plant tissues. Despite its importance to plant growth and reproduction, little has been known about its mechanisms underlying thermotolerance of plants. In this study, the relationship between TMS1 and the Hsp70 proteins, Binding Immunoglobulin Proteins (BiPs) was explored to understand the molecular mechanisms of TMS1 in thermotolerance of plants. The expression of TMS1 was induced not only by heat shock, but also by dithiothreitol (DTT) and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC), similarly to the three BiP genes, indicating that TMS1 may be involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). The firefly luciferase complementary imaging (LCI), GST pull-down and ATPase enzyme activity assays demonstrated that the DnaJ domain of TMS1 could interact with BiP1 and BiP3, and could stimulate their ATPase enzyme activities. In addition, the expression level of TMS1 was reduced in the bzip28 bzip60 double mutant. These results suggest that TMS1 may function at the downstream of bZIP28 and bZIP60 and be involved in termotolerance of plants, possibly by participating in refolding or degradation of unfolded and misfolded proteins through interaction with the BiPs.
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PMID:The THERMOSENSITIVE MALE STERILE 1 Interacts with the BiPs via DnaJ Domain and Stimulates Their ATPase Enzyme Activities in Arabidopsis. 2618 93