Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Garlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its beneficial effects on health and particularly for its chemopreventive potential against cancer. The present study was designed to compare the chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds. For this purpose we used the medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis protocol (resistant hepatocyte model), which allows the detection of preneoplasic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) as an end-point. Rats were fed diets containing three garlic powders (5% of the diet) with various alliin contents for 3 weeks. Garlic powders were obtained from bulbs grown on soils with different levels of sulfur fertilization. During the period of garlic feeding hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by administration of 10 i.p. injections of 0.025 mg/kg body weight aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The rats were later submitted to 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment and partial hepatectomy, and GST-P foci were detected and quantified. Consumption of diets containing garlic powders decreased the appearance and size of hepatic GST-P foci. A strong reduction was observed in rats fed garlic containing the highest level of alliin. In addition, increased alliin content of the garlic powder was associated with a proportional decrease in the number and area of preneoplastic foci. Elsewhere, garlic powder ingestion increased hepatic ethoxyresorufin deethylase, glutathione S-transferase and UDP glucuronosyl transferase activities while no modification of nifedipine oxidase activity was found. We also observed an increase in the levels of GST A5 and AFB1 aldehyde reductase. It is suggested that garlic partly exerts its anticarcinogenic effects through increasing enzymes involved in AFB1 detoxification. This study highlights the possibility of controlling the cultivation conditions to improve the chemopreventive efficacy of garlic.
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PMID:Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats. 1518 Sep 43

This study was made to determine the activity of aldehyde scavenger enzymes in the heart's postmitochondrial fraction of rats of different age during immobilization stress. Our study demonstrated, that immobilization of 1.5-, 2- and 12-month rats was accompanied by inhibiting activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase. At the same time we observed an increase in glutathione transferase activity in immobilized 1.5-month-old rats and that in reductase activity in 24-month-old rats. The revealed changes can lead to a decrease in the rate of endogenous aldehyde utilization in the heart during stress at puberty.
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PMID:[Activity of aldehyde scavenger enzymes in the heart of rats of different age during immobilized stress]. 1987 22

The purpose of this study was a comparative investigation of activity of enzymes, which take part in utilization of endogenous aldehydes in mitochondrial fraction of femoral muscle in intact and immobilized rats of different age. It has been shown that 12-months-old (adult) rats have high basal levels of NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase, NADH-aldehyde reductase and glutathione transferase activity in mitochondrial fraction of femoral muscle. An increased of NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity emerges during immobilization stress in adult rats. These changes contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of utilization of carbonyl products of free radical oxidation in mitochondria of skeletal muscle of 12-months-old rats during stress. Immobilization of old and pubertal rats, is accompanied by a certain arise in metabolic preconditions, leading to accumulation of endogenous aldehydes in mitochondria, and, as a result, to the injury of muscular fibers and an increase in manifestation of sarcopenia.
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PMID:[Activity of the enzymes which take part in aldehyde catabolism in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle in rats of different ages and its modulation during stress]. 2594 31

Gliotoxin, produced by fungi, is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) toxin with bioactivities such as anti-liver fibrosis, antitumor, antifungus, antivirus, antioxidation, and immunoregulation. Recently, cytotoxic gliotoxins were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus, Dichotomomyces cejpii. However, the biosynthetic pathway for gliotoxins in D. cejpii remains unclear. In this study, the transcriptome of D. cejpii was sequenced using an Illumina Hiseq 2000. A total of 19,125 unigenes for D. cejpii were obtained from 9.73 GB of clean reads. Ten genes related to gliotoxin biosynthesis were annotated. The expression levels of gliotoxin-related genes were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The GliG gene, encoding a glutathione S-transferase (DC-GST); GliI, encoding an aminotransferase (DC-AI); and GliO, encoding an aldehyde reductase (DC-AR), were cloned and expressed, purified, and characterized. The results suggested the important roles of DC-GST, DC-AT, and DC-AR in the biosynthesis of gliotoxins. Our study on the genes related to gliotoxin biosynthesis establishes a molecular foundation for the wider application of gliotoxins from D. cejpii in the biomedical industry in the future.
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PMID:De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii and Analysis of Gliotoxin Biosynthesis Genes. 2996 53


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