Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.5.1.18 (glutathione S-transferase)
 22,582 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of glutathione transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC 25422, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella oxytoca CIP 666, K. oxytoca AF 101, Enterobacter cloacae CIP 6085, Serratia marcescens CIP 6755, and Proteus mirabilis AF 2924 was investigated. Using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, GST activity was found in the glutathione-(GSH-)affinity-purified fraction of all strains tested. SDS-PAGE analysis of GSH-affinity-purified enzyme indicated that the GSTs of all these bacteria are dimers of two identical subunits of Mr about 22,500. Rabbit antiserum directed against the major isoenzyme present in Proteus mirabilis AF 2924, Pm-GST-6.0, was used to investigate the antigenic properties of bacterial GSTs. Western blot analysis indicated that a GST antigenically identical to Pm-GST-6.0 is present in Enterobacter cloacae CIP 6085, Escherichia coli ATCC 25422 and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, but absent in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella oxytoca CIP 666, K. oxytoca AF 101 and Serratia marcescens CIP 6755. The presence of Pm-GST-6.0, but not mammalian GST, increased the MIC values of amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cephalothin and nalidixic acid for E. coli ATCC 25922. It is suggested that bacterial GST may represent a defense against the effects of antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Glutathione transferase in bacteria: subunit composition and antigenic characterization. 261 80

Glutathione S-transferase has been isolated and purified from a Providencia stuartii CH 114 strain. The effect of the enzyme on the antimicrobial activity of amikacin, cefotaxime, cephalexin, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and ofloxacin was tested. The efficiency of all antibiotics tested, except nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, is relevantly decreased by the presence of glutathione S-transferase in the medium culture, as proved by the increased value of MIC. The effect of glutathione S-transferase on the drugs is not significantly affected by the addition of exogenous glutathione. The possible mechanism of action of the enzyme is also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary studies on the effect of glutathione S-transferase from Providencia stuartii on the antimicrobial activity of different antibiotics. 342 94

Obtained from pSj5, the cDNA gene encoding GST antigen of Schistosoma japonicum (Philippine strain) was ligated with efficient temperature-dependent PBV220 vector which was constructed in CAPM, and then introduced into host bacterium-DH5 alpha (E. coli) by transformation. Transformants were selected by ampicillin and recombinant clones were identified by restriction mapping. The result showed that recombinant clone 43 was the one carrying recombinant plasmid PBV 220 with the correct insertion of the gene fragment. The GST expression ability of clone 43 was investigated by GST enzymic activity assay and SDS-PAGE. A relatively high level of GST enzymic activity was expressed by this clone under the temperature-dependent condition, that is, cultured at 30 degrees C and expressed at 42 degrees C. A more strongly stained 26 kDa protein band was identified by SDS-PAGE. The result indicated that GST of S. japonicum (Philippine strain) could be expressed not only by IPTG induction, but also by the temperature-dependent method.
 ...
PMID:The temperature--dependent expression of GST of Schistosoma japonicum (Philippine strain). 836 8

We evaluated the susceptibilities of 129 Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates to various antibiotics. The numbers of isolates for which MICs were high (> or = 128 micrograms/ml) were as follows: 5 for fosfomycin, 14 for ampicillin, 1 for cefaclor, 6 for kanamycin, 22 for tetracycline, and 2 for doxycycline. For two isolates of STEC O26 MICs of fosfomycin were high (1,024 and 512 micrograms/ml, respectively). Conjugation experiments and glutathione S-transferase assays suggested that the fosfomycin resistance in these isolates was determined not by a plasmid but chromosomally. The amount of active intracellular fosfomycin in these STEC isolates was 100- to 200-fold less than that in E. coli C600 harboring pREFTT47B408 in the presence of either L-alpha-glycerophosphate or glucose-6-phosphate. Cloning, sequencing, and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the transcriptional level of the murA gene encoding UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvoyl transferase in these isolates was greater than that in E. coli C600. Our results suggest that the fosfomycin resistance in these STEC isolates is due to concurrent effects of alteration of the glpT and/or uhp transport systems and of the enhanced transcription of the murA gene.
 ...
PMID:Emergence of fosfomycin-resistant isolates of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26. 1010 82

Cytosolic glutathione transferase (GSTs) are a family of multi-functional proteins which catalyse the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a large variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Much is known about cytosolic mammalian GSTs, however, the presence of GSTs in several aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms has also been demonstrated. Several findings seem to suggest that bacterial GSTs are involved in processes of biodegradation of xenobiotics, including antibiotics. However, the function played by these enzymes in the bacterial cell still remains to be clarified. At present, it is ill-defined whether bacterial GST can be classified, as in the case of mammalian enzymes, into several distinct classes. Here we report the purification of a GST isoform from Haemophilus influenzae using GSH-affinity chromatography. The purified protein was characterised by immunological and kinetic properties different from other known GSTs. The dissociation constants of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, rifampicin and tetracycline to the purified enzyme were 0.62, 9.06, 4.08 and 1.77 microM, respectively, as determined by following the quenching of the protein intrinsic fluorescence. These values were much lower than those previously determined for the same drugs with other mammalian or bacterial GSTs. The present results indicate that the enzyme purified from H. influenzae is a novel GST isoform well distinguished from other known mammalian or bacterial GSTs.
 ...
PMID:A novel glutathione transferase from Haemophilus influenzae which has high affinity towards antibiotics. 1200 29

A simple and rapid strategy for molecular cloning using a gel-free and antibiotic selection method is described which allows for the complete elimination of DNA extraction by gel electrophoresis, and thus has several advantages over gel-based cloning methods, including: (i) a cloning efficiency that is approximately 10-times higher due to the prevention of ethidium bromide ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and contamination with ligase inhibitors; (ii) the amount of plasmid DNA required is approximately five times less; and (iii) the cloning time is several hours less. Once the target gene, such as mouse HtrA2 serine protease, was cloned into the pEGFP-N3 plasmid, the integrity of the kanamycin-resistant molecular clone encoding the GFP fusion protein was verified by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, the integrity of the ampicillin-resistant molecular clone was directly evaluated by analyzing the expression and affinity purification of the GST fusion protein and by measuring its enzymatic activity. Therefore, this method is suitable for the routine construction of a plasmid expressing the gene of interest, and the usefulness of this strategy can be demonstrated by monitoring the expression of the target gene in E. coli and mammalian cells.
 ...
PMID:A simple and rapid strategy for the molecular cloning and monitoring of mouse HtrA2 serine protease. 1793 55