Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:2.4.2.8 (
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
)
2,527
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Long-range-acting gene activator elements were randomly isolated from the human genome by functional selection. HeLa cells were transfected with an enhancer trap, a plasmid containing an enhancerless xanthine-
guanosine phosphoribosyltransferase
(gpt) gene transcribed from the simian virus 40 early promoter, and stably transformed GPT+ cells were selected. From several transformants, human DNA sequences flanking the enhancer trap were cloned. Two gene activators (GA1 and
GA2
) were found in the cloned human DNAs. GA1 and
GA2
showed strong enhancer activity both in a stable transformation assay and in a transient expression assay. They had functional properties similar to those of other known enhancers: GA1 and
GA2
activated the expression of a linked gene over distances of at least 5 kilobases both upstream and downstream in an orientation-independent fashion. GA1 may be required for the initial establishment of gene activation but was not essential for the maintenance of active expression. GA1 and
GA2
were active not only in HeLa cells but also in other types of human cells, such as neuroblastoma cells. This indicates a limited but relatively broad cell type specificity. The HeLa genome contains multiple copies of GA1, while
GA2
exists once in the genome.
...
PMID:Random isolation of gene activator elements from the human genome. 302 43
