Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.4.2.8 (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase)
 2,527 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complete hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, an X-linked, purine metabolism disorder manifested by hyperuricemia, hyperuricaciduria, and neurologic dysfunction. Partial HPRT deficiency causes hyperuricemia and gout. One requirement for understanding the molecular basis of HPRT deficiency is the determination of which amino acids in this salvage enzyme are necessary for structural or catalytic competence. In this study we have used the PCR coupled with direct sequencing to determine the nucleotide and subsequent amino acid changes in 22 subjects representing 17 unrelated kindreds from the United Kingdom. These mutations were confirmed by using either RNase mapping or Southern analyses. In addition, experiments were done to determine enzyme activity and electrophoretic mobility, and predictive paradigms were used to study the impact of these amino acid substitutions on secondary structure.
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PMID:Identification of 17 independent mutations responsible for human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. 201 42

Complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) results in a devastating neurological disease, the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. This disorder has been identified as a candidate for initial attempts at somatic cell gene therapy. We have previously reported the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vector containing human hprt cDNA sequences under the regulatory control of the viral thymidine kinase gene (tk) [Palella et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (1988) 457-460]. Infection of HPRT- cultured rat neuronal cells with these vectors resulted in transient expression of human hprt. In this paper, we report the expression of human hprt mRNA transcripts in the brains of mice infected in vivo with this vector by direct intracranial inoculation. Human hprt transcripts were distinguished from endogenous mouse transcripts by RNase A mapping using riboprobes transcribed from human hprt cDNA. These initial studies demonstrate the transfer and transcription of a human gene in brain cells by direct in vivo infection with recombinant HSV-1 vectors.
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PMID:Expression of human HPRT mRNA in brains of mice infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus-1 vector. 255 79

The genetic basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency has been identified by nucleotide sequence analysis of HPRT cDNAs cloned from a patient with gout. A single nucleotide change was identified in two independent clones: an A to G transition at nucleotide 602. Confirmation of a mutation at this site was provided by RNase mapping analysis. The predicted consequence of this transition is an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 201. We have designated this variant HPRTAshville. Prior to this report, enzyme activity in HPRTAshville had not been detected by routine assay. Using more sensitive techniques, including an in situ gel assay for HPRT activity, we were able to demonstrate electrophoretic, kinetic, and structural differences between HPRTAshville and normal HPRT. Electrophoretic migration of HPRTAshville has elevated Michaelis constants for 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine. Predicted secondary structural alterations may result from the aspartic acid to glycine substitution.
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PMID:Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. The molecular defect in a patient with gout (HPRTAshville). 290 37

The human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene has been characterized by molecular cloning, mapping, and DNA sequencing techniques. The entire gene, which is about 44 kilobases in length, is composed of nine exon elements. The positions of the introns within the coding sequence are identical to those of the previously-characterized mouse HPRT gene, although there are significant differences between intron sizes for the two genes. HPRT minigenes have been used in a transient expression assay involving microinjection into HPRT- cells to demonstrate functional promoter activity within a 234-base-pair region upstream from the ATG codon. The promoter of this gene resembles those of other recently characterized "housekeeping" genes in that it lacks CAAT- and TATA-like sequences, but contains several copies of the sequence GGGCGG. Both RNase protection and primer extension analysis indicate that human HPRT mRNA is heterogeneous at the 5' terminus, with transcription initiation occurring at sites located congruent to 104 to congruent to 169 base pairs upstream from the ATG codon. Comparison of the mouse and human HPRT 5'-flanking sequences indicates that there are only limited stretches of conserved sequence, although there are other shared features, such as an extremely high density of potential methylation sites, that may have functional significance.
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PMID:Fine structure of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. 302 44