Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.4.2.30 (PARP)
 13,611 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are being used in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, doubly deficient BRCA1(-/-)53BP1(-/-) cells or tumors become resistant to PARPis. Since 53BP1 or its known downstream effectors, PTIP and RIF1 (RAP1-interacting factor 1 homolog), lack enzymatic activities directly implicated in DNA repair, we decided to further explore the 53BP1-dependent pathway. In this study, we uncovered a nuclease, Artemis, as a PTIP-binding protein. Loss of Artemis restores PARPi resistance in BRCA1-deficient cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Artemis is the major downstream effector of the 53BP1 pathway, which prevents end resection and promotes nonhomologous end-joining and therefore directly competes with the homologous recombination repair pathway.
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PMID:PTIP associates with Artemis to dictate DNA repair pathway choice. 2551 57

Cells deficient in the Brca1 and Brca2 genes have reduced capacity to repair DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and consequently are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents, including cisplatin and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here we show that loss of the MLL3/4 complex protein, PTIP, protects Brca1/2-deficient cells from DNA damage and rescues the lethality of Brca2-deficient embryonic stem cells. However, PTIP deficiency does not restore homologous recombination activity at double-strand breaks. Instead, its absence inhibits the recruitment of the MRE11 nuclease to stalled replication forks, which in turn protects nascent DNA strands from extensive degradation. More generally, acquisition of PARP inhibitors and cisplatin resistance is associated with replication fork protection in Brca2-deficient tumour cells that do not develop Brca2 reversion mutations. Disruption of multiple proteins, including PARP1 and CHD4, leads to the same end point of replication fork protection, highlighting the complexities by which tumour cells evade chemotherapeutic interventions and acquire drug resistance.
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PMID:Replication fork stability confers chemoresistance in BRCA-deficient cells. 2768 Jun 96