Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.4.1.18 (branching enzyme)
 628 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD-IV) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficient glycogen branching enzyme (GBE), encoded by the GBE1 gene, resulting in the accumulation of abnormal glycogen deposits in the liver and other tissues. We treated a 20-month-old girl who presented with progressive liver cirrhosis and was diagnosed with GSD-IV, as confirmed by GBE1 gene mutation analysis, and underwent living related heterozygous donor liver transplantation. Direct sequencing of the GBE1 gene revealed that the patient was compound heterozygous for a known c.1571G>A (p.Gly264Glu) mutation a novel c.791G>A (Arg524Gln) mutation. This is the first report of a Korean patient with GSD-IV confirmed by mutation analysis, who was treated successfully by liver transplantation.
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PMID:Living Donor Liver Transplantation in a Korean Child with Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV and a GBE1 Mutation. 2047 4

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD-IV) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency in glycogen-branching enzyme (GBE1) activity that results in the accumulation of amylopectin-like polysaccharide, which presumably leads to osmotic swelling and cell death. This disease is extremely heterogeneous in terms of tissue involvement, age of onset and clinical manifestation. The most severe fetal form presents as hydrops fetalis; however, its pathogenetic mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, mice carrying a stop codon mutation (E609X) in the Gbe1 gene were generated using a gene-driven mutagenesis approach. Homozygous mutants (Gbe(-/-) mice) recapitulated the clinical features of hydrops fetalis and the embryonic lethality of the severe fetal form of GSD-IV. However, contrary to conventional expectations, little amylopectin accumulation and no cell degeneration were found in Gbe(-/-) embryonic tissues. Glycogen accumulation was reduced in developing hearts of Gbe(-/-)embryos, and abnormal cardiac development, including hypertrabeculation and noncompaction of the ventricular wall, was observed. Further, Gbe1 ablation led to poor ventricular function in late gestation and ultimately caused heart failure, fetal hydrops and embryonic lethality. We also found that the cell-cycle regulators cyclin D1 and c-Myc were highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and likely contributed to cardiomyocyte proliferation and trabeculation/compaction of the ventricular wall. Our results reveal that early molecular events associated with Gbe1 deficiency contribute to abnormal cardiac development and fetal hydrops in the fetal form of GSD-IV.
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PMID:Glycogen-branching enzyme deficiency leads to abnormal cardiac development: novel insights into glycogen storage disease IV. 2107 35

Glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD-IV), or Andersen disease, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results from the deficiency of glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). This in turn results in accumulation of abnormal glycogen molecules that have longer outer chains and fewer branch points. GSD-IV manifests in a wide spectrum, with variable phenotypes depending on the degree and type of tissues in which this abnormal glycogen accumulates. Typically, GSD-IV presents with rapidly progressive liver cirrhosis and death in early childhood. However, there is a severe congenital neuromuscular variant of GSD-IV that has been reported in the literature, with fewer than 20 patient cases thus far. We report an unusual case of GSD-IV neuromuscular variant in a late preterm female infant who was born to non-consanguineous healthy parents with previously healthy children. Prenatally, our patient was found to have decreased fetal movement and polyhydramnios warranting an early delivery. Postnatally, she had severe hypotonia and respiratory failure, with no hepatic or cardiac involvement. Extensive metabolic and neurological workup revealed no abnormalities. However, molecular analysis by whole-exome sequencing revealed two pathogenic variants in the GBE1 gene. Our patient was thus a compound heterozygote of the two pathogenic variants: one of these was inherited from the mother [p.L490WfsX5 (c.1468delC)], and the other pathogenic variant was a de novo change [p.E449X (c.1245G>T)]. As expected in GSD-IV, diffuse intracytoplasmic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions were found in the cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle fibers of our patient.
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PMID:Case of Neonatal Fatality from Neuromuscular Variant of Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV. 3031 Nov 41


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