Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.4.1.14 (SPS)
 813 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Statistical reconstruction has become popular in emission computed tomography but suffers slow convergence (to the MAP or ML solution). Methods proposed to address this problem include the fast but non-convergent OSEM and the convergent RAMLA [1] for the ML case, and the convergent BSREM [2], relaxed OS-SPS and modified BSREM [3] for the MAP case. The convergent algorithms required a user-determined relaxation schedule. We proposed fast convergent OS reconstruction algorithms for both ML and MAP cases, called COSEM (Complete-data OSEM), which avoid the use of a relaxation schedule while maintaining convergence. COSEM is a form of incremental EM algorithm. Here, we provide a derivation of our COSEM algorithms and demonstrate COSEM using simulations. At early iterations, COSEM-ML is typically slower than RAMLA, and COSEM-MAP is typically slower than optimized BSREM while remaining much faster than conventional MAP-EM. We discuss how COSEM may be modified to overcome these limitations.
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PMID:An overview of fast convergent ordered-subsets reconstruction methods for emission tomography based on the incremental EM algorithm. 1809 46

The enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGD) competes with sucrose-phosphate synthase for the common photosynthesis product UDP-glucose. Sucrose-phosphate synthase is part of a pathway for the export of sucrose from source leaves to neighboring cells or the phloem. UGD is a central enzyme in a pathway for many nucleotide sugars used in local cell wall biosynthesis. Here, we identify a highly conserved phosphorylation site in UGD which is readily phosphorylated by MAP-kinase 3 in Arabidopsis. Phosphorylation occurs at a surface-exposed extra loop in all plant UGDs that is absent in UGDs from bacteria or animals. Phosphorylated sucrose-phosphate synthase is shifted to an inactive form which we did not measure for phosphorylated UGD. Plant UGDs have an extra loop which is phosphorylated by AtMPK3. Phosphorylation is not causing a reduction of UGD activity as found for the competitor enzymes and thus sets a preference for maintaining UDP-sugars at a constant level to prioritize cell wall biosynthesis.
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PMID:Arabidopsis MAP-Kinase 3 Phosphorylates UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase: a Key Enzyme Providing UDP-Sugar for Cell Wall Biosynthesis. 3093 May 30