Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypoxia, as one suboptimal environmental condition, can affect the physiological state of shrimp during pond aquaculture. To better understand the mechanism of response to hypoxic stress in Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, proteome research approach was utilized. Differentially expressed proteins of hepatopancreas in adult Chinese shrimp between the control and hypoxia-stressed groups were screened. By 2-DE analysis, 67 spots showed obvious changes after hypoxia. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 51 spots representing 33 proteins were identified including preamylase, arginine kinase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, citrate synthase, ATP synthase alpha subunit, chymotrypsin BI, chitinase, ferritin, C-type lectin receptors, transketolase, formylglutathione hydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase, protein disulfide isomerase, beta-actin, oncoprotein nm23, crustacyanin-C1 and so on. These proteins could be functionally classified into several groups such as proteins related to energy production, metabolism-related proteins, immune-related proteins, antioxidant proteins, chaperones, cytoskeleton proteins and ungrouped proteins. The transcription levels of ten selected genes encode the identified proteins were analyzed by real-time PCR at different sampling times of hypoxia. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of shrimp after hypoxia and provides a new insight for further study in hypoxic stress response of shrimp at the protein level.
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PMID:Comparative proteomic profiles of the hepatopancreas in Fenneropenaeus chinensis response to hypoxic stress. 1957 23

Activity-body size relationships for eight enzymes (citrate synthase, CS; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; pyruvate kinase, PK; alanine aminotransferase, ala AT; aspartate aminotransferase, asp AT; glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6Pdh; and nucleoside diphosphate kinase, NDPK) were examined in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. The animals were fed on the alga Dunaliella salina, which was provided in three concentrations representing a 25-fold range. Enzyme activities per animal (Y) were regressed against body size (M, expressed as dry mass or protein) in the form of the allometric equation, log Y = log a + b log M, where a and b are fitted constants. For all enzymes considered, the value of the scaling exponent (b) was significantly higher when dry mass was used, as a body size index, than when protein mass was used. Therefore, the index of body size chosen can influence the exponent obtained in allometric studies. Although specific growth rates of different cultures varied greatly, no significant differences in scaling relationships were found between cultures for any enzyme. For many enzymes, growth rate may not be a source of variation in scaling relationships. Unlike the other enzymes examined, the log-transformed NDPK activity versus log-transformed mass was not linear; NDPK activity reached a plateau. Variation in NDPK scaling relationships with growth may provide a means to predict growth rate in Artemia.
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PMID:Relationship Between Body Size, Growth Rate, and Maximal Enzyme Activities in the Brine Shrimp, Artemia franciscana. 2931 70