Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pummelo (Citrus maxima [Burm.] Merrill) cDNAs encoding mitochondrial citrate synthase (mCS) were cloned by reverse transcription of juice-sac poly(A)+ mRNA, followed by Taq Polymerase-mediated amplification. The nucleotide sequence of the citrus gene (cit1) is 77% conserved relative to plant mRNAs for mCS. The encoded polypeptide includes a mitochondrial targeting signal at its amino terminus; all 20 putative active-site residues of the citrus enzyme are conserved. Southern hybridization showed that citrus cit1 is a single-copy gene. A polymorphism associated with cit1 did not cosegregate with fruit acidity indicating that acitric, the gene causing the acidless phenotype of pummelo 2240, is not an allele of cit1 locus. Quantitative detection of cit1 mRNA showed that transcript levels are not developmentally regulated in juice sacs; no differences were observed between high- and low-acid genotypes.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene of an acidless pummelo (Citrus maxima). 870 47

Ticks were collected from ruminants in various areas of Sudan in 1998 and 2000. Primer pairs of rickettsial citrate synthase gene (gltA) and a spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsial 190-kDa surface antigen gene (rompA), respectively, were used for identification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive products were used for DNA sequencing. The gltA gene was detected in 55% of the ticks examined (57/104). Among the 57 ticks studied, 19 were positive for the rompA gene. Thus, 18% of the ticks examined were found to be infected with SFG rickettsiae. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified rompA gene fragment of Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma spp. were similar to those of Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia africae, respectively. In this study, we succeeded in detecting the SFG rickettsiae gene in ticks, and established that there were at least two species of SFG rickettsiae in field ticks in Sudan.
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PMID:Spotted fever group rickettsiae from ticks captured in Sudan. 1521 19

Polymerase chain reaction integrated with sequence analysis was carried out to investigate the natural Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ticks and rodents from a forest area of Jilin Province, China. Four (4.0%) of 100 Ixodes persulcatus and 2 (0.7%) of 286 Dermacentor silvarum ticks collected by flagging vegetation were positive. Nine (8.8%) of 102 rodents were infected, as well as 2 (2.8%) of 71 I. persulcatus parasitizing on 25 rodents. The nucleotide sequences of 1442-bp A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene amplified from rodents and ticks were identical to each other and to that previously reported in Heilongjiang Province of China (GenBank accession no. AF205140), but different from those of other countries. The sequences of 357-bp partial citrate synthase gene from the above specimens were homologic, and varied from known A. phagocytophilum agents. These findings add new information on the ecologic features of A. phagocytophilum and indicate the threat of anaplasmosis in the area.
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PMID:Natural Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents from a forest area of Jilin Province, China. 1703 91

Host-seeking Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks were collected systematically, from May to September 2006, at selected sites in southern Germany, including a large city park in Munich. Polymerase chain reactions for amplification of genes of the rickettsial citrate synthase (gltA), the outer membrane proteins A and B (ompA and ompB), and the 16S rDNA were used to investigate 2,861 specimens (adults and nymphs). GltA sequences of spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected in 151 of all samples (5.3%; 95% CI = 4.3-6.2%). Sequencing revealed Rickettsia helvetica in 91.4% of the samples and R. monacensis in 8.6%. Amplification of ompA was not possible for R. helvetica, but in all except one of the R. monacensis. The results were analyzed statistically to test the effects of season, location, developmental stage, and gender of the tick on prevalence of Rickettsia spp. Although rickettsial DNA was detected in all investigated sites, sites in natural forest areas had significantly higher prevalences than sites in landscaped city parks. Adult female and male ticks had a similar prevalence and were significantly more often infected than nymphs. Monthly differences were not statistically significant. These results clearly show that R. helvetica is widespread throughout the study region and could result in a threat to public health in areas of high prevalence.
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PMID:Prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in southern Germany. 1882 40

Spotted fever is a disease caused by bacteria from the genus Rickettsia of the spotted fever group (SFG). Rickettsia rickettsii is likely the main agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). With the objective of gathering information on the circulation of SFG rickettsiae in Londrina, Parana state, ticks from dogs and horses and also blood from dogs, horses and humans were collected in a neighbourhood of the city which presented potential for circulation of rickettsiae between hosts and vectors. Amblyomma cajennense, Dermacentor nitens, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting a fragment of the Rickettsia gltA gene. This specific gene encodes the enzyme citrate synthase of Rickettsia spp., and results on all ticks were negative. Human and animal sera were tested by Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in which R. rickettsii and R. parkeri were used as antigens. Sera from 4.7% human, 2.7% canine and 38.5% equine were positive for R. rickettsii. For R. parkeri, 0.9% human, 2.7% canine and 11.5% equine samples were positive. All samples reactive to R. parkeri also reacted to R. rickettsii. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied, but there were no statistically significant results. Comparison of our serological results with previous studies in Brazil, among BSF endemic and non-endemic areas, indicates that there is no established rickettsial infection in the study area, a statement corroborated with our molecular analysis. Nonetheless, as humans of the present study are highly exposed to tick infestations, health education within the population is needed to obtain efficient tick control.
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PMID:Infection by spotted fever rickettsiae in people, dogs, horses and ticks in Londrina, Parana State, Brazil. 2182 36