Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect on skeletal muscle of acute viral and mycoplasma infections in thirteen men of ages ranging between 20-42 years has been studied. Comparisons are made with eight healthy men in the age group 22-29 years who were confined to bed for periods of time of lengths similar to the confinement to bed of the patients. Muscle samples were taken from the thigh. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (triosephosphate) dehydrogenase (TPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthetase (CS) and cytochrome oxidase (cytox) activities were measured and the ultrastructure of the muscle specimens was studied by electron microscopy. Immobilization of the healthy persons induced decreased activities of CS, but those of TPD, LDH and cytox remained unaffected. Return to normal life restored the CS activity. The activities of the four enzymes were lower in the patients than in the healthy subjects after immobilization. During normal life, the activities slowly rose to levels as those seen in the healthy subjects. In connection with the acute disease, focal ultrastructural changes within the muscle were found. The changes were similar to those reported to occur in other, more specific muscle diseases.
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PMID:Effects of viral and mycoplasma infections on ultrastructure and enzyme activities in human skeletal muscle. 17 68

The effect of treadmill physical training (PT) on rat gastrocnemius/plantaris muscle after bilateral femoral artery ligation was investigated. To enable a comparison to be made between the susceptibility of muscles with restricted blood flow and normally perfused skeletal muscle to PT, animals without ligated femoral arteries also underwent PT. PT increased the oxidative capacity of the gastrocnemius/plantaris muscle, as judged by the activity of citrate synthase, and reduced muscle fatigue in both groups of animals. Exercise also tended to lower the activity of a marker enzyme for glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase in all animals, although this only reached the level of statistical significance in the animals with ligated femoral arteries. In the animals with restricted muscle blood flow, PT increased gastrocnemius skeletal muscle blood flow and pO2 and prolonged the time taken to attain maximum muscle twitch tension. The results indicate a great susceptibility of hindlimb skeletal muscles of rats with ligated femoral arteries to PT. They also suggest that the beneficial effect of PT observed in man with chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD) may result both from an increase in muscle blood flow and from an enhanced mitochondrial respiratory activity in the afflicted muscle.
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PMID:The effect of physical training on rat calf muscle, oxygen tension, blood flow, metabolism and function in an animal model of chronic occlusive peripheral vascular disease. 154 36

The effects of physical training on skeletal muscle morphology and enzyme activities were compared in 10 male, type I diabetic subjects and 10 healthy, male, control subjects. The training program consisted of running for 45 min, three times per week for 8 wk. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period from the lateral portion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Pretraining maximal oxygen uptake was similar in the two groups (diabetic subjects 42 +/- 1 versus control subjects 43 +/- 2 ml X kg-1 X min-1), and the training resulted in an identical increase (+ 13%, P less than 0.01). Muscle capillarization (number of capillaries per muscle fiber) increased on the average in the control group (+ 14 +/- 4%, P less than 0.01), but was unchanged in the diabetic group (0 +/- 4%). Capillary density, expressed as number of capillaries per unit muscle cross sectional area, also increased on the average in controls (8 +/- 4%, P less than 0.05) but failed to do so in the diabetic patients (-8 +/- 6%, NS). The activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase (+ 26-27%, P less than 0.01-0.05) and succinate dehydrogenase (+ 24-25%, P less than 0.05) increased significantly and similarly in the two groups, whereas training did not result in significant changes in the activities of the glycolytic enzymes 6-phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glycemic control in the diabetic group did not improve with the training, as evaluated from hemoglobin A1 and home-monitored blood glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of physical training on formation of muscle capillaries in type I diabetes. 646 66