Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A specially designed model reactor based on a 42-L laboratory fermentor was equipped with six stirrers (Rushton turbines) and five cylindrical disks. In this model reactor, the mixing time, Theta(90), turned out to be 13 times longer compared with the 42-L standard laboratory fermentor fitted with two Rushton turbines and four wall-fixed longitudinal baffles. To prove the suitability of the model reactor for scaledown studies of mixing-time-dependent processes, parallel exponential fed-batch cultivations were carried out with the leucine-auxotrophic strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 5715, serving as a microbial test system. L‐Leucine, the process-limiting substrate, was fed onto the liquid surface of both reactors. Cultivations were conducted using the same inoculum material and equal oxygen supply. The model reactor showed reduced sugar consumption (-14%), reduced ammonium consumption (-19%), and reduced biomass formation (-7%), which resulted in a decrease in L-lysine formation (-12%). These findings were reflected in less specific enzyme activity, which was determined for citrate synthase (CS), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-C), and aspartate kinase (AK). The reduced specific activity of CS correlated with lower CO(2) evolution (-36%) during cultivation. The model reactor represents a valuable tool to simulate the conditions of poor mixing and inhomogeneous substrate distribution in bioreactors of industrial scale. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 ...
PMID:A special reactor design for investigations of mixing time effects in a scaled-down industrial L-lysine fed-batch fermentation process 1040 40

The genus Bartonella comprises two human-specific pathogens and a growing number of zoonotic or animal-specific species. Domesticated as well as wild mammals can serve as reservoir hosts for the zoonotic agents and transmission to humans may occur by blood sucking arthropods or by direct blood to blood contact. Humans may come into intimate contact with free-ranging mammals during hunting, especially during evisceration with bare hands, when accidental blood to blood contact frequently occurs. The objective of this work was to determine the presence and the polymorphism of Bartonella strains in wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) as the most widely spread game in Western Europe. We report the isolation of four Bartonella strains from the blood of five roe deer. These strains carry polar flagella similar to Bartonella bacilliformis and Bartonella clarridgeiae. Based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, three of the four roe deer isolates were different and they were all distinct from previously described Bartonella species. They can be distinguished from each other and from other Bartonella species by their protein profile, ERIC-PCR pattern, 16S rRNA and citrate synthase (gitA) gene sequences, as well as by whole DNA-DNA hybridization. In spite of their considerable heterogeneity, all four strains fulfil the criteria for belonging to a single new species. The name Bartonella schoenbuchii is proposed for this new species. The type strain R1T of Bartonella schoenbuchii has been deposited in the National Collection of Type Cultures as NCTC 13165T and the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen as DSM 13525T.
 ...
PMID:Bartonella schoenbuchii sp. nov., isolated from the blood of wild roe deer. 1149 58

Initially explored in military settings, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has shown increasing prevalence in the general population. The high comorbidity rates between bipolar disorder (BD) and PTSD have raised the issue of whether some characteristics of BD could represent risk factors for PTSD. In combat-related PTSD, the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO), essential for steroid synthesis, was found to be decreased. Aims of the present study were: 1) the assessment of the TSPO mitochondrial density in lymphomonocytes from civilian patients with non-combat-related PTSD, without current or lifetime Axis I mood comorbidity, versus controls; 2) the exploration of the correlations between TSPO density and the presence of comorbid manic/hypomanic lifetime spectrum symptoms. Assessments included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and the lifetime Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR). Blood samples were processed to assess TSPO binding parameters in lymphomonocyte mitochondrial membranes. PTSD patients showed a significant decrease in TSPO density, without changes in mitochondrial citrate synthase activity. Further, TSPO density correlated with the number of lifetime manic/hypomanic spectrum symptoms. For the first time, TSPO density was found to be decreased in non-war-related PTSD and such decreases correlated with comorbid manic/hypomanic spectrum symptoms, indicating a possible role of sub-threshold bipolar comorbidity in PTSD-related neurobiological dysregulation.
 ...
PMID:Lifetime manic-hypomanic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder: relationship with the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein density. 2036 31